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1、PresentParticiple现在分词现在分词现在分词由动词加ing构成。非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。现在分词一.构成形式doing现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作现在分词的两个基本特点1. 在时间上表示动作在时间上表示动作正在进行正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家 boiling water 沸水 rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳试比较: 一个发达国家 白开水 升起的太阳 a developed countryboiled waterrisen sun现在分词的两个基本特点在语态上表示主动。
2、例如:the ruling class 统治阶级 the exploiting class剥削阶级。试比较:被统治阶级被剥削阶级the ruled class the exploited class现在分词三.时态与语态所有否定式都是在ing前面加not包括独立主格形式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般形式一般形式doingbeing done完成形式完成形式having donehaving been done现在分词各种形式1、现在分词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动作词所表示的动作同时发生,有时也可能略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔。例如:Dont you sit there
3、 doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 雨下得很大,引发了村里严重的洪灾。现在分词各种形式2、现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。例如:Having failed twice, he didnt want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。Having finished his homework, he went back home. 完成作业后,他回家。现在分词各种形式3、当现在分词的逻辑主语与现在分词为被动关系时,现在
4、分词要用被动式。例如:Thehousebeing builtisabigproject.*Thequestionbeing discussedisofgreatimportance.Having been warnedbytheteacher,thestudentsdidntmakesuchmistakes.Having been toldmanytimes,hestilldidnotknowhowtodoit.Not having finishedhiswork,hecouldnotleavetheoffice.Exercises(1) _hard before, Tom is afraid
5、 of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked(2)He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.(2000上海卷)A.hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope(3)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( 03全国高考题)A. smoke B
6、. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked现在分词作谓语*1.主要构成各种进行时态They are doing some pattern practice.She is seeing a friend off.Ill be waiting for you at the entrance.They have been designing a new jet plane.现在分词作谓语*2.构成不定式的进行形式He seems to be worrying about something.Walter happened to be working in the next roo
7、m.Theyre said to be making an important experiment.I dont want you to be wasting your time like this.现在分词作表语1.现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征,特别是那些表示情绪情绪的词。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。 例如: The story is moving. The dirty street is disgusting. He was very amusing. This interr
8、uption is very annoying.现在分词作表语一些表示状态,品质的现在分词也可用作表语。例如:Thephotographismissing.Sheisalwaysveryobliging.Thatcakelookstempting.Isthematterpressing?现在分词作定语1.现在分词作定语,通常放在所修饰词前,表示正在进行的或主动的动作,也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征。例如:ThesleepingboyisTom.Hesawaflyingbirdandraisedhisbow.Iwassatisfiedwiththeexcitingspeech.现在分词作定语2.
9、现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,相当于定语从句。例如:Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight.(= Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. )现在分词作定语现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (
10、= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.) 现在分词作定语3.有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:This is an English-speaking country. 现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点注意注意1:现在分词的完成时不可作定语那个在北京住了十年的男孩是我兄弟。TheboywhohavinglivedinBeijingfortenyearsismybrother.现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点TheboywhohavinglivedinB
11、eijingfortenyearsismybrother.上句想用定语从句,但从句是应该用的是谓语形式,而上句用了havinglived的现在分词形式,它是不能作谓语的.其实现在分词作定语就是表示正在发生,不可能用它的完成式来作定语.如果想表达已经.的人或事,必须用定语从句,例如:Themanlivinginthisroomisateacher.分词短语相当于whoislivinginthisroom.Themanwhohaslivedinthisroomfortenyearsisateacher.这句中只能用定语从句来表示.不能用现在分词的完成式.现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错
12、考点注意注意2:在message,letter,sign,news,notice等媒体词后,用表示“说道、写道”的动词作定语来说明该名词的具体内容时,只能用现在分词而不用过去分词。例如:(1)YesterdayIboughtabooksayingsomeparentsdonthaveenoughtimetostaywiththeirchildren.(2)Peterreceivedtheletterjustnowsayinghisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点注注意意3.某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词
13、变为了形容词词性。例如:an interesting story an exciting match这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,可以有三级变化(原级、比较级、最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。现在分词作状语1.现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如:The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. Seeing
14、 from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 现在分词作状语作时间、条件、原因、让步状语事要位于句首,且与后面用逗号隔开,能转换为一个相应的状语从句。作结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾,且与前面用逗号隔开,有时也可以不用。现在分词作状语 1)作时间状语)作时间状语 Walkingonthestreet,Isawhim.当我在街上走时,我看到他了当我要表达正在进行的动作时,我们可以在分词前面加上whenwhile.那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/Whilewalkinginthestree
15、t,Isawhim.(有时也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略,但是不是时时成立的)When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 现在分词作状语Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.翻译成”当我在街上走时,我看到他了”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时,他看到我了”这个是因为?“分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致.”现在分词作状语“当他在街上走时,我看到他了。”分词作状语:When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him. He walking in the str
16、eet, I saw him. 现在分词作状语2)作条件状语e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.3)作原因状语e.g.Beingill,shestayedathome.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4)作让步状语e.g.Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidntlostheart.现在分词作状语5)作结果状语e.g.Hisfrienddied,leavinghimalotofmoney,6)作方式状语e.g.Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.7)作伴随状语,可以转化为一个并列句e.g.Heisstandi
17、ngthere,singing.现在分词作状语2.现在分词的独立主格独立主格分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语只不过它不符合我们说的那条”分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolderit在句中指代的是”天气”现在分词作状语注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时,如果后面的动词是vt我们就用过去分词;如果是vi我们就用现在分词。(其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语)e.g. The boy lay on the ground,his eyes closed and his hands trembling这个男孩躺在地上眼睛闭
18、着手在发抖现在分词作宾补3.现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补:1)感官动词:seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlisten tolook at 2)使役动词:havegetcatchleaveset例如:Soontheycouldseethesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver. 现在分词作宾补注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)*Seesb./sth.done*Seesb./sthdoingTheEndTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontents现在分词TitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontentsTitlecontentscontents