《6配置IP地址[基础教育]》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《6配置IP地址[基础教育]（36页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、配置配置IPIP地址地址 完成本章的学习后完成本章的学习后, ,您可以完成下面的任务您可以完成下面的任务: : 分配分配IPIP地址地址, , 区分地址级别区分地址级别, , 网络部分和主机部分网络部分和主机部分给定给定IPIP地址和子网掩码地址和子网掩码, ,计算相应的子网计算相应的子网根据给定的网络地址和子网掩码配置根据给定的网络地址和子网掩码配置IPIP地址地址把主机名和一个把主机名和一个IPIP地址做一个映射地址做一个映射利用网络工具发现网络中路由器的利用网络工具发现网络中路由器的IPIP地址地址目标目标TCP/IP TCP/IP 地址概述地址概述唯一的地址分配机制保证通讯的可靠性唯一
2、的地址分配机制保证通讯的可靠性根据所处的位置选择路径根据所处的位置选择路径用地址代表网络设备所处的位置用地址代表网络设备所处的位置TCP/IP 地址入门地址入门UNIX 主机主机UNIX 主机主机公司 A公司B地址分配地址分配32 BitsNetworkHost8 Bits172 . 16 . 122 . 2048 Bits8 Bits8 BitsClass A: Class A: Class B: Class B: Class C: Class C: Class D: Class D: 用于组播用于组播(multicast) (multicast) Class E: Class E: 用于研
3、究用于研究N = 网络号网络号 H = 主机号主机号IP IP 地址分配地址分配NHHHNNHHNNNH不同不同IPIP地址地址BitBit位的区别位的区别1724Class A:# Bits114161Class B:# Bits121811Class C:# Bits0network #host #1network #host #01network #host #10识别识别IPIP地址的类别地址的类别High OrderBitsOctet inDecimalAddressClass0101101 -126 128 -191192 -223ABC练习练习: IP : IP 地址的级别地址的
4、级别AddressClassNetworkHost10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10练习答案练习答案: IP : IP 地址的级别地址的级别AddressClassNetworkHost10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000
5、.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16配置配置IPIP地址地址主机地址主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.12IP: 172.16.2.110.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118IP: 10.6.24.2E0E1172.161212NetworkHost.NetworkInterface172.16.0.010.0.0.0E0E1Routing TableNetwork 172.16.0.0Network 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0无子网时的地址分配无子网时的地址分配Network 172.16.0.0Networ
6、k 172.16.0.0有子网时的地址分配有子网时的地址分配172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160IP: 172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150IP: 172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160NetworkHost.NetworkInterface172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1New Routing TableSubnet子网掩码子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IPAd
7、dressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostUse host bits, starting at thehigh order bit positionNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHostIPIP地址的二进制和十进制地址的二进制和十进制表示法的对应关系表示法的对应关系10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128 6432168421练习练习: :子网掩码子网掩码Addres
8、sSubnet MaskClassSubnet172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.0.0255.255.255.0练习练习( (答案答案):):子网掩码子网掩码AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.0.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.0.010.30.36.0规划规划IPIP子网子网Other subnets20 subnets5 hosts per subnetCla
9、ss C address: 201.222.5.0201.222.5.16201.222.5.32201.222.5.48IP Host Address: 172.16.2.120Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1-72.16.2.254Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1-72.16.2.254Broadcast Address = 172.16.2.255Broadcast Address =
10、172.16.2.255Eight bits of subnettingEight bits of subnettingNetworkSubnetHost1721620172.16.2.120:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet: 1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B B 类子网规划举例类子网规划举例IP Host Address: 201.222.5.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248NetworkS
11、ubnetHost2012225120201.222.5.121: 1100100111111111Subnet: 1100100111011110110111101111111100000101000001011111111101111 001 11111 00001111 000255.255.255.248:C C类子网规划举例类子网规划举例Subnet Address = 201.222.5.120Subnet Address = 201.222.5.120Host Addresses = 201.222.5.121-01.222.5.126Host Addresses = 201.2
12、22.5.121-01.222.5.126Broadcast Address = 201.222.5.127Broadcast Address = 201.222.5.127Five Bits of SubnettingFive Bits of Subnetting广播地址广播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast)255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast)X X练习练习: :广播地址广播地址AddressClassSubnetBroadcast20
13、1.222.10.60 255.255.255.248Subnet Mask15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128练习练习( (答案答案):):广播地址广播地址AddressClassSubnetBroadcast201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56Subnet Mask15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 25
14、5.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.127153.50.6.0地址子网化的例子地址子网化的例子Cisco ACisco BE0S0E0S0To0Cisco AE0: 172.16.2.1 S0: 172.16.1.1 S0: 172.16.1.2 E0: 144.254.4.1 To0: 144.254.16.1 Cisco BMask255.255.255.0 Subnet172.16.2.0172.16.1.0172.16.1.0144.254.16.0144.254.4.0M
15、askSubnet255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.252.0配置配置IPIP地址地址Router(config-if)#分配一个分配一个IPIP地址和子网掩码地址和子网掩码在端口上运行在端口上运行IPIP进程进程ip address ip-address subnet-maskRouter(config-line)#ip netmask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal 在端口配置模式下配置网络地址的表示格式在端口配置模式下配置网络地址的表示格式Router#term ip net
16、mask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal 配置网络地址的表示格式配置网络地址的表示格式Router(config)#给主机名静态的指定一个给主机名静态的指定一个IPIP地址地址可以有多个可以有多个IPIP地址与主机名对应地址与主机名对应主机名主机名ip host name tcp-port-number address address ip host P1R1 1.0.0.5 2.0.0.8ip host P1R2 1.0.0.4指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地址的映射服务址的映射服务Router(co
17、nfig)#配置名字服务器配置名字服务器ip name-server server-address1 server-address2 . server-address6 路由器缺省启用路由器缺省启用DNS DNS 服务服务关闭名字服务关闭名字服务Router(config)#Router(config)#名字系统名字系统ip domain-lookupno ip domain-lookup显示主机名显示主机名Router# show hostsDefault domain is not setName/address lookup uses static mappingsHost Flags
18、Age Type Address(es)P1R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 144.253.100.200 133.3.13.2 133.3.5.1 P2R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 144.253.100.201 153.50.3.2 153.50.5.6P2R2 (perm, OK) * IP 128.45.17.4 153.50.3.200 153.50.34.17 P2R3 (perm, OK) * IP 172.26.40.11 153.50.5.7 153.50.34.1 -More-检验配置的地址检验配置的地址ApplicationTransportInternet
19、Network InterfaceHardwareTelnetICMPtracepingApplicationTransportInternetNetwork InterfaceHardwareTelnetICMPtracetelnettrace检查检查IPIP网络的连通性网络的连通性简化的简化的PingRouter ping 172.16.101.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.101.1, timeout is 2 seconds:.!Success rate is 80 per
20、cent, round-trip min/avg/max = 6/6/6 msRouter很多协议都支持很多协议都支持pingping扩展的扩展的 PingRouter# pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 192.168.101.162Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no: yesData pattern 0xABCD:Loo
21、se, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.101.162, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/26/28 msRouter#显示从源到目的所有经过端口的显示从源到目的所有经过端口的IPIP地址地址IP TraceRouter# t
22、race aba.nyc.milType escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to aba.nyc.mil (26.0.0.73) (172.16.1.6) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec2barrnet- (172.16.16.2) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec3external-a-gateway.stanford.edu (192.42.110.225) 8 msec 4 msec 4 (131.119.254.6) 8 msec 8 msec 8 (131.119.3.8) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec6moffett-fld-mb.in.mil (192.52.195.1) 216 msec 120 msec 132 msec7aba.nyc.mil (26.0.0.73) 412 msec * 664 msecIPIP地址表示成地址表示成3232位的点分十进制数位的点分十进制数, ,分为网络和主机两部分分为网络和主机两部分子网掩码用来标识网络号子网掩码用来标识网络号, ,子网号和主机号的分界子网号和主机号的分界如何给端口配置如何给端口配置IPIP地址地址pingping和和tracetrace 可以用来检测可以用来检测IPIP地址的配置地址的配置小结小结
