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1、语法复习-动词动词ing形式作主语和宾语形式作主语和宾语必修四 UNIT 21. 动词动词ing形式形式是在动词末尾是在动词末尾加加 ing ，属于非谓语动词。，属于非谓语动词。如：如：dodoing, write writing , sitsitting , etc.否定形式：否定形式：not+ ving 构成构成2. 动词动词ing形式作主语或宾语形式作主语或宾语时，也可称为动名词时，也可称为动名词。1 A. Listening to music is one of my favorite hobbies.B. As we all know, smoking does harm to on
2、es health.动词-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为。动词动词ing形式作主语形式作主语 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。如：单数。如：Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.2 A. Its no use talking to him; he wont change his mind.B. It is simply a waste of tim
3、e discussing such matters with him.在句型Its + no good (no use, useless,a waste of time, nice .) + doing sth.中，it是形式主语，后面的动词-ing（短语）作真正的主语。 1 Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?2Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. 3It was a waste of time reading that book.3A. Joan suggested asking her father for
4、 his opinion. B. We are considering flying to Egypt for the coming holiday.v我们可以归纳总结出动词-ing形式作宾语的用法特征：v 有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如第三组例句中的suggest和consider。常见的这类动词还有： 常跟动词常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议考虑建议盼原谅，盼原谅，承认推迟承认推迟没得想，没得想，避免错过避免错过继续练，继续练，consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit
5、, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise 否认完成否认完成停能赏，停能赏，不禁介意不禁介意准逃亡，准逃亡，不准冒险不准冒险凭想象。凭想象。deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine 2. 有些短语如有些短语如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired
6、 of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接等后常接名词、代词或动词名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。如：如：Im fond of collecting stamps and coins. v4 A. He made a poor living by selling newspapers on the train.vB. The man left the party without saying go
7、odbye to the host.动词-ing形式还可作介词的宾语 5 “There is + no”后可以用动词后可以用动词ing形式作主语，表示形式作主语，表示“没法没法”。如：。如：There was no telling when this might happen again. 没法预料这没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。样的事什么时候会再发生。There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。他能做什么很难说。注意注意 1.动词动词ing形式的复合结构是指在动形式的复合结构是指在动词词ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强形式前面加上逻辑主语
8、来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：有格。如：Im annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay.2. 动词动词ing形式的否定形式是在其前面形式的否定形式是在其前面加加not，带有逻辑主语时，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词应在动词ing形式之前。如：形式之前。如：Not cleaning h
9、er teeth made her smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried.需要注意的问题：需要注意的问题：以下的动词后面加以下的动词后面加动词的不定式动词的不定式作宾作宾语：语：decide , hope, expect , seem, agree, afford, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, 常跟不定式作宾语的动词
10、歌诀：常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝两个要求莫拒绝,设法学会做决定设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。不要假装在选择。hope; wish; want ; agree; promisedemand; ask; refusemanage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。希望决定开始。want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ;
11、 decide ; begin ;start 以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的又可以接动词的ing作宾语：作宾语：hate, love , prefer , remember , forget, regret , like ,try , stop , begin , start 既跟动词既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。个需要。begin, start, l
12、ike, prefer, hate, dislike, continue.remember, forget, try, mean, stop, reget, 答案：答案：Bving形式作主形式作主语和和宾语1To tell you the truth, if you want to study abroad, you must pay more attention to _ English every day. (2013开封高三模拟开封高三模拟)Apractise speaking Bpractising speakingCpractising to speak Dpractise to s
13、peaking解析：由于解析：由于practise后接后接动名名词作作宾语，又由于，又由于pay more attention to 中的中的to为介介词，所以其后也接，所以其后也接动名名词作作宾语，故答案故答案为B。 2The difficulty the couple had _their lost child was soon forgotten when they discovered her. (2013江苏启东中学江苏启东中学摸底考试摸底考试)Afound BfindCfinding Dto find解析：考解析：考查非非谓语动词。句意：。句意：这对夫夫妇在找到在找到丢失的失的孩子
14、后很快忘孩子后很快忘记了了寻找找时的困的困难。本。本题中含有中含有have difficulty (in) doing sth.结构。构。答案：答案：C3_to advertisements constantly can help to change peoples opinions over time. (2013福州三中月考福州三中月考) AExposed BBeing exposedCExposing DTo be exposed解析：由句子解析：由句子结构可知，构可知，“ _ to advertisements constantly”是句子的主是句子的主语部分，而部分，而过去分去分词(
15、短短语)不能作主不能作主语，故排除，故排除A。be exposed to是固定短是固定短语，意，意为“使暴露于使暴露于(日光、日光、风雨中等雨中等)；使遭受；使遭受(危危险等等)”，Being exposed to .是其是其动名名词形式，可以作主形式，可以作主语，强强调事情。事情。Exposing使用形式不正确；使用形式不正确；To be exposed属于不定式短属于不定式短语，作主作主语强强调动作。本句作。本句强强调一般的概念，故一般的概念，故选B项。 答案：答案：B答案：答案：B4_ on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back t
16、o hundreds of years ago. (2012江苏仪征中学期末江苏仪征中学期末) AHaving stood BStandingCBeing stood DHaving been stood解析：句意：一解析：句意：一块可以追溯到几百年前的可以追溯到几百年前的纪念碑矗立在山念碑矗立在山顶上。上。a monument是主是主语，dating back to hundreds of years ago 是定是定语，修，修饰a monument。为了避免了避免头重脚重脚轻便便把整个主把整个主语部分部分a monument, dating back to hundreds of year
17、s ago放在句末，采用了倒装放在句末，采用了倒装语序。序。stand一般不用被一般不用被动形式，故形式，故选B。5There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2012山东潍坊一模山东潍坊一模)Apersuading Bbeing persuadedCto be persuaded Dto persuade解析：句意：我没有解析：句意：我没有办法法劝你留下来，所以只能祝你好你留下来，所以只能祝你好运。第一个分句的主句部分运。第一个分句的主句部分为There is nothing more, 其其余部分余部分为定定语从句，先行从句，先行词是是nothing more，将先行，将先行词代入定代入定语从句后从句后为： I can try nothing more _you to stay .，由此可知，由此可知设空空处应 该用不定式表目的。用不定式表目的。答案：答案：DThank you!
