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1、PT878超声波流量计技术培训2 /GE / 25 August 2024超声波的概念与书语及超声波流量计测量的原理PT878液体超声波流量计的组成PT878液体超声波流量计安装考虑因素PT878液体超声波流量计的故障判断PT878液体超声波流量计的操作3 /GE / 25 August 2024超声波的概念与书语频率:次声波 0 to 20 Hz声波 20 Hz to 20 kHz (Human hearing)超声波 20 kHz超声波的概念超声波的概念4 /GE / 25 August 2024传感器工作原理 传感器电能 机械能机械能 电能压电晶体的变化每个传感器能发射和接受发射接收5
2、/GE / 25 August 2024超声波流量计原理：时差法超声波流量计原理：时差法 传感器既发送信号又接收 信号V tup = 超声波被流体减速 tdn = 超声波被流体加速tuptdnttupdn tttupdn=-DtPc-Vsinup=tPc+Vsindn=VLP 声信号传播时间逆流传播, tup顺流传播, tdn6 /GE / 25 August 2024VLP声速 c = Ptavg, ttt2avg = dnup+Q = Velocity AreaQ = V A体积流量tt tttupdnupdn=-DtPc-VsintPc+Vsinupdn=流速 V C2L2 t超声波流量
3、计原理：时差法超声波流量计原理：时差法7 /GE / 25 August 2024夹装式传感器 折射原理 Snells Lawc1= 传感器内传播速度c2= 管壁的传播速度c3= 流体内的传播速度S = 传感器的间距c1 1c2 2 3c3LSW.T.Classic “clamp-on” approach8 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878液体超声波流量计的组成1主机传感器信号线充电器红外线转RS232测厚探头偶合剂仪器包9 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878液体超声波流量计的组成21.OKS传感器夹具2.CRS和CPT传感器夹具3.CF-LP传感器夹具10
4、/GE / 25 August 2024所配传感器的特性及用途传感器代码型号C-RS402C-RS401C-PT116CF-LP 23OKSSpecial(91)形状频率1.0 MHz0.5 MHz1.0 MHz4.0 MHz2.0 MHz发射角度42423559.5传播时间17.320.327.55.85传播速度248424842674.63328使用温度-40 to 150 C-40 to 150 C-20 to 210C-40 to 230C-200 to 360 C11 /GE / 25 August 2024传感器选用原则1.温度要求.2.信号要求.导声较差的介质和大的管道选择低频探
5、头.3.精度要求.频率越高精度越高.2寸以下一般用CF-LP探头.12 /GE / 25 August 2024管道要求1.直管段要求:前10后5.即在传感器安装位置前10倍直径长度和后5倍的直径长度无弯头,阀门等引起流体扰动的装置.2.准确测量管经外径周长或直径.3.确定管道材质和壁厚及接触温度.4.确定是否有内衬及种类和厚度.13 /GE / 25 August 2024介质要求1.已列出的介质直接选择2.未列出的介质需输入声速或选择跟踪窗口测试3.确定声速的目的是在窗口中央将信号检出.END OF TRANSMITGOOD SNRWINDOW14 /GE / 25 August 2024
6、安装方式1.根据管道大小和信号强度选择安装方式A.单声程:大管道和复杂应用B:双声程:首选方式,安装简单.C:多声程:小管道,信号特强.安装位置:水平管道 3点和9点位置 垂直管道必须是介质向上流15 /GE / 25 August 2024校准1.标定后输入校验系数2.雷诺数修正.Re= 雷诺数 #V =流体流速ID=内径=运动粘度(ft2/sec or m2/sec)16 /GE / 25 August 2024进行信号诊断介质充满管道后需检测的参数和信号流向是否正常信号强度SSup;SSdn 声速SNSP波型等根据诊断参数调整有关输入参数得到准确结果17 /GE / 25 August
7、2024进行信号诊断信号强度SSup;SSdn 50-55偏低可能不稳定55-60 低一点,可以接受60-65 好65-75 非常好75-99 信号饱和,分辨率可能降低0.电缆线开路100.控制器故障声速SNSP应在合理范围内.如水1500m/s左右 18 /GE / 25 August 2024进行信号诊断错误代码E0: 无错误E1: 信号太低E2:声速错误E3: 流速超出范围E4: 信号质量太差E5:流速变化太大 19 /GE / 25 August 2024FeaturesLarge, Backlit LCDSimplified KeypadGraphical User Interfac
8、e (GUI)Faster Update RateImproved Peak DetectionLarger, more powerful Data LoggerXML-format Site FilesFlash memory Simple UpgradesPT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterIrDA - compatible wireless data transferUp to 11 hours run time per charge20 /GE / 25 August 2024LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4
9、measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter21 /GE / 25 August 2024LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4 measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter22 /GE / 25 August 2024KeypadRubberized keysClick actionSi
10、mple universal layoutSoft Function KeysPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter23 /GE / 25 August 2024Graphical UserInterface (GUI)Keeps related information togetherAll choices visible at the same timePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter24 /GE / 25 August 2024GUI ControlsMenusRelated items grouped togetherUse to move throu
11、gh choicesUse to change menusPress Enter to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter25 /GE / 25 August 2024GUI ControlsTabsQuick access to related formsUse to select formPress Enter to open the formPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter26 /GE / 25 August 2024GUI ControlsButtonsSelects between mutually exclusive choices
12、Use to select buttonPress Enter to activatePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter27 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsListsChoose from all applicable settingsUse to move one itemUse to scroll the list28 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsNumeric EntryPress Enter to
13、 begin entering digitsPress to erase a digitPress Esc to cancel and restore original valuePress Enter to accept the new valueValues can be entered or displayed in either Metric or English units without having to change meter defaults29 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsCheck
14、BoxesUsed to turn an option:On Off Press Enter to toggle30 /GE / 25 August 2024GUI ControlsFunction KeysChange according to form or menu activePress F1, F2, or F3 to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter31 /GE / 25 August 2024GUI ControlsLocale-SpecificChange date, time, and decimal formats for local cus
15、tom:MM/DD/YYYYDD-MM-YYYYYYYY-MM-DD11:59 PM23:59123.45123,45PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter32 /GE / 25 August 2024Data Logger1 Megabyte storage 100,000 recordsFrom 1 to 12 items per logMultiple logs can run simultaneouslyLog interval from 1 second to 99 minutesProgrammable Start and End Date/TimeCyclic Lo
16、gsError logsPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter33 /GE / 25 August 2024Flash MemoryInstall new program in minutes over IRNo EPROMs to changePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter34 /GE / 25 August 2024IrDA - Compatible WirelessCommunicationsInfrared data transferUp to 115KbpsUp to 1 meter rangeDrag & Drop AutomaticNo set
17、tingsNo cable adapters requiredPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter35 /GE / 25 August 2024BatteryNiMH rechargeable9 to11 hour run time (longer than NiCd)6 hour rechargeNone of the memory problems associated with NiCdFewer charge cycles than NiCdNiCd performs better in cold NiCd or disposable AA alkaline cells
18、 can be used instead of NiMHPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter36 /GE / 25 August 2024BatteryContinuous battery level gaugeSimple icon indicates chargeUniversal charger 100-250VACPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter37 /GE / 25 August 2024BatteryRun time up to 11 hours, depending on features selected.Run time is reduce
19、d by:Prolonged use of the backlightLoop-powered 4-20mA transmittersHigh resistance loads on 4-20mA outputRun time is increased by:Using Sleep modePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter38 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterEnvironmentalMeets IP67 ratingWithstands submersion in waterDurable polymer boo
20、tPrevents damage if droppedIntegrated wire stand39 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterMeter SetupA.Select UnitsB.Select TransducerC.Select PipeD.Select LiningE.Select FluidF.Adjust PathG.Correction FactorsH.Save to a Site40 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect UnitsThe PT8
21、78 can default to either Metric or English units.From the Meter menu, select Units.Press OK to use the new settings.41 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect TransducerSelect Wetted or Clamp-onChoose Transducer from ListList only shows applicable transducersAll parameters filled in aut
22、omaticallyChoose SPECIAL to enter customer parametersAllows each parameter to be specified42 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect PipeSelect Pipe Material from ListPipe Sound Speed automatically filled inSelect OTHER for unlisted materialEnter Sound SpeedEnter DimensionsOuter Diamete
23、r (OD) or Circumference (ODxPI)Wall thickness43 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect PipeIf pipe material has a schedule, ID can be used to automatically enter dimensions.Uses ANSI (English) or DIN (metric) schedule.Schedule Materials:Stainless SteelCarbon SteelCast IronPVCCPVC44 /GE
24、 / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect LiningChoose lining material from list, or Other to specifyLining option is not available when using Wetted transducers45 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidEnable/Disable Tracking WindowsUse for fluids with unknown or highly v
25、ariable sound speedSpecify minimum and maximum soundspeedChoose fluid from list or Other for unlisted fluidIf fluid not listed, specify the nominal soundspeed only46 /GE / 25 August 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidFor Energy applications with water as fluid, specify the % Glycol concentrat
26、ion47 /GE / 25 August 2024Adjust PathFor clamp-on, Path length P and Axial length L are automatically calculated.Select the number of traverses.Spacing is automatically recalculated.Spacing can be changed by entering a new value.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter48 /GE / 25 August 2024Finish UpYour changes
27、will not take effect until you:Press OK to keep all changesPress CANCEL to discard all changesPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter49 /GE / 25 August 2024Correction FactorsReynolds CorrectionUse a single value for Kinetic Viscosity (K/V).Table option is not availablePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter50 /GE / 25 August
28、 2024Correction FactorsK-Factor CorrectionUse a single value for K-Factor multiplierUse a Table to relate K-Factor to another measure.Only Velocity can be used to interpolate the K-Factor.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter51 /GE / 25 August 2024Save to a Site FileTo keep the new settings, you must save them
29、 to a Site File:Choose Save Now to replace the settings in the current site.Choose Manager to create a new site.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter52 /GE / 25 August 2024Site ManagerUse the Site Manager to:Save settings to a new site.Use and existing site.Delete sites.Rename sites.Print or Transfer sites.PT8
30、78 Ultrasonic Flowmeter53 /GE / 25 August 2024Site ManagerOpen the Site Manager menu by pressing Menu, Enter.Choose Save As to name the site and store it.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter54 /GE / 25 August 2024Site ManagerEnter a of up to 8 characters:Use arrows to move around the grid.Press Enter to selec
31、t the character.Use Delete to erase a character.Press OK when done.Hint: A descriptive Site Message can be entered from the Site MenuPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter55 /GE / 25 August 2024Site FilesUp to 32 sites stored in PT878Can be transferred to/from PC for unlimited capacitySoftware versions need to
32、match to ensure compatibilityXML* FormatFiles print as shown hereSome outputs are codedSet-ups are best viewed through a meterSite Files should not be edited with a PC or laptop*eXtensible Markup Language PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter56 /GE / 25 August 2024DiagnosticsDisplay all Diagnostics Simultaneou
33、slySelect “Diagnostics” in the Service MenuPress EnterPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter57 /GE / 25 August 2024DiagnosticsAll Diagnostics viewed simultaneouslyEasy and efficient analysisPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter58 /GE / 25 August 2024NoteThe above presentation reflects PT878 Instrument Program INST.001.J and ECO 4958New functionality and capabilitiesMinor changes in menusAll meters with serial # 1294 and above will include these modificationsMeters with serial # 1293 and lower can be upgraded (consult the factory)PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter
