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1、Unit OverviewBy studying this unit, you are expected to: know about the basics of mass production and craft production; learn about the advantages and disadvantages of mass production; familiarize with the principles of packaging design; write an e-mail of packaging design requirement.Unit3 Manufact
2、uringUnit3 ManufacturingTask 1Task 2Unit3 ManufacturingTask 1 Manufacturing is the most essential step in the release of a new product. Find out the pictures which are directly related to this step.Unit3 Manufacturingsurveyafter-sales servicemanufacturingmanufacturingtransportationquality controlPic
3、ture 3 and 4 are directly related to manufacturing step.Unit3 Manufacturingsurveyafter-sales servicemanufacturemanufacturetransportationquality controlCorrect order:survey-manufacture-quality control-transportation-after-sales serviceUnit3 ManufacturingTask 2 Mass production and craft production are
4、 two production methods. List some products which are produced by the two methods. mass production:Nike coat, Nokia cell phone, Adidas shoes, Sharp TV, Midea electronic fan, etc. craft production:paper cutting, bags, shoes or clothes with embroidery made by ethnic groups, pottery, painting, calligra
5、phy, etc.Unit3 ManufacturingUnit3 Manufacturing1. Most products adopt MP, so it is easy to find pictures of products of this kind.It is better to specify the brand when you search for relevant pictures because for example, though most clothes are produced by assembly line, some are still hand-made.2
6、. DIY is very popular now. You can try the pictures of DIY products. You can also invite the students to name some.Unit3 ManufacturingStarting PointTextUnderstanding the TextActivity 1Dealing with LanguageFocusing On GrammarSettingUnit3 ManufacturingSetting: Food Organic is a factory that manufactur
7、es organic food products. Its Chief Engineer Colin is giving theory training to his apprentices to help them get a better understanding of mass production.Unit3 ManufacturingStarting PointTask 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner.1. Have you ever used products produced
8、by mass production? Name some.Some products produced by MP: computer, Lining sports clothes, Sony MP3, Gree air conditioner, Panasonic washing machine, etc.Unit3 Manufacturing2. How does mass production benefit customers? Share your view based on your experiences with your partner. Benefits of MP to
9、 the customers:1) Customers can buy products at a lower price. And more products are affordable.For instance, mass-produced shoes are much cheaper than hand-made ones.2) If the parts of a product break down, they can be replaced easily since the products and the parts are identical and standardized.
10、 For example, if the battery or earphone of a MP3 goes wrong, they can be replaced conveniently.3) It is easy and convenient for the customers to buy a big volume of some kind of product since a larger number of the products of this kind are produced by assembly line compared with hand-made products
11、.4) The quality of MP products can be secured since the products are usually produced by machines with precision.Unit3 ManufacturingMass Production Mass production, also known as flow production or serial production, is the production of a large number of standardized products. It uses assembly line
12、 techniques, that is, parts and the partially completed products are moved on conveyor belts to the workers who work on the different steps of the manufacturing process. No worker will work on the whole product from start to fi nish and much of the process is automated.Unit3 Manufacturing Mass produ
13、ction requires that each worker repeats one or a few related tasks and uses the same tools to perform identical or near-identical operations on the stream of products on the assembly line. The relevant tools and parts are always at hand as required so that the worker spends little or no time retriev
14、ing or preparing materials and tools. Compared with traditional handcrafted methods of production, mass production makes the manufacturing process much faster. Furthermore, since each worker focuses on only one or a few tasks, they dont need to learn all the techniques involved in the whole process
15、which means that training does not take too long.Unit3 Manufacturing Moreover, automation of the assembly line reduces the cost of labor and improves efficiency so larger quantities of the product can be manufactured at a lower cost and in a shorter time than handcrafted products. The probability of
16、 human error is also reduced because many tasks are carried out by machinery or with molds.Unit3 Manufacturing However, mass production does have disadvantages. Firstly, the input of capital to set up an assembly line is huge. Secondly, it is inflexible because it is difficult to alter a design or p
17、roduction process after the production line has been built. Thirdly, all products produced on a production line will be identical; therefore, introducing variety to satisfy individual tastes is not easy. Finally, if a fault occurs at any of the steps, the following processes may be affected or the l
18、ine may have to be halted, which will lead to decreased efficiency and possibly wasted materials. Unit3 Manufacturing Therefore, mass production can be a double-edged sword. However, if quality control is strict and each step carefully monitored and inspected, the merits of mass production generally
19、 outshine its drawbacks.Unit3 Manufacturing Since mass production manufactures identical products which are difficult to satisfy individual tastes, DIY gains popularity. DIY refers to do it yourself. It originates in the western world in the 1960s. In Europe, people prefer to build and decorate thei
20、r own houses by themselves. They can save money on one hand and decide the materials and designs on the other. Their houses can be unique, appealing and satisfactory. Now DIY prevails worldwide in various sectors. People make DIY food, hairstyle, gift, or daily articles like cups, wallpaper, furnitu
21、re and so forth.Unit3 Manufacturing The first examples of manufacturing operations carefully designed to reduce production costs by specialized labor and the use of machines appeared in the textile industry in the 18th century in England. Much of the credit for bringing such early concepts as divisi
22、on of labor, machine-assisted manufacture, and assembly of standardized parts together in a coherent form, and creating the modern, integrated, mass production operation, belongs to the U.S. industrialist Henry Ford and his colleagues at the Ford Motor Company, where in 1913 a moving-belt conveyor w
23、as used in the assembly of flywheel magnetos. Henry Ford helped make mass production method prevail in the automobile industry and now mass production has also been adopted in both manufacturing sectors and non-manufacturing sectors, like agriculture.Unit3 ManufacturingUnderstanding the TextTask 2 F
24、ill in the table with the information you find in Reading A. You can also add your own opinions.The manufacturing process is much faster.Training does not take too long.Larger number of products can be manufactured at a lower cost in a shorter time.The probability of human errors is reduced.The inpu
25、t of capital to set up an assembly line is huge.It is inflexibleIt is difficult to satisfy individual tastes.If any fault occurs at any of the steps, efficiency may be reduced and materials would be wasted.Unit3 ManufacturingTask 3 Fill in the blanks according to the text. Then translate the sentenc
26、es into Chinese.1. Mass production uses a_ l_ techniques to make much of the process automated.规模化生产使用流水线技术，这使得大部分的生产过程实现自动化。2. Mass production can be a double-edged sword. An efficient assembly line can help r_ l_ c_ and i_ e_while efficiency reduction and wasted materials might make their presence
27、 should any f_ occur at any step of the line.规模化生产是一把双刃剑。高效的流水线能够帮助降低人工成本，提高生产效率，而一旦流水线的任何一个环节发生错误，生产效率就会降低，并可能造成资源浪费。ssemblyineeduceaborostmproveffenciencyaultUnit3 ManufacturingTask 3 Fill in the blanks according to the text. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.3. Automation can produce s_ p
28、roducts but it is unlikely for it to diversify the products to s_ individual t_ .自动化技术可以生产出标准化的产品，却不可能使产品多样化以满足人们不同的需求。tandardizedatisfyastesUnit3 Manufacturing1Describe the following flow chart of automobile production in BMW to your partner. You may also refer to the Internet for more information.
29、Unit3 Manufacturing1Unit3 Manufacturing1Unit3 Manufacturing1Suggested Answers:The production of flow in BMW is quite complicated. Firstly, all the parts are procured from global market according to the requirements of engineers. Secondly, sample cars are assembled. Thirdly, all the sample cars will
30、be tested in different situations, like in bad weather, on slope or on zigzag road. Should any problems occur, the cars must be modified before another round of test. Only when all works, different assembly lines for motors, computer software and the whole car, etc. will be built respectively. After
31、 all these steps are finished, all whole cars will move on to lacquering and appearance treatment followed by quality control. Lastly, all the qualified cars will be delivered to the dealers.Unit3 Manufacturing BMW has a global manufacturing network and the BMW cars sold in China come from three man
32、ufacturing bases: Munich in Germany, South Africa and Shenyang in China. The imported cars have the same design and size while the cars from Shenyang have the same performance and functions but longer car body. From the model number you can judge where they are from. i is used for imported cars, lik
33、e 525i while li is for home-made version, like 525li.Unit3 ManufacturingDealing with Language Task 4 Find out words in the text which are synonyms of the words in the first column of the following table. Then, find the antonyms if there are any.differentreduce/decreaseincreasemeritdisadvantage/drawb
34、ackdrawbackmeritoutshinehaltalter?Unit3 Manufacturingcommence;continueTask 5 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the first two columns in Task 4.haltreduce/decrease/loweraltered/changeddecrease/reduce/lowerdrawbacks/disadvantagesmerits/advantagesoutshineUnit3 ManufacturingTask
35、 6 Translate the sentences. Key words and phrases are in brackets.1.她的信不在我手边，但我记得她在信中所说的话。（at hand）I dont have her letter at hand but I can remember what she said in it.2. 全球化是一把双刃剑，所有身在其中的人都要同时考虑到其有利和有弊的一面。（double-edged sword）Globalization is a double-edged sword. All involved must take into accoun
36、t (consider)both its advantages and disadvantages (merits and demerits).Unit3 Manufacturing3. Shoe designers are trying to diversify their designs to satisfy customers varied demands. (满足的需求)鞋界设计师们尝试设计出多样化产品以满足顾客的不同需求。4. He monitored the project from start to finish. (从头到尾)他从头到尾都在监控这个项目。5. Improved
37、energy efficiency is vital to low-carbon economy. (提高能效)提高效能对于发展低碳经济至关重要。Unit3 Manufacturing表否定意义的动词前缀Focusing on GrammarFocusing on GrammarMore Examplesdis-: dissatisfy, disaffiliate, disappear, disconnect, disembark, disagreeun-: uncover, unchanged, unclog, undress, unbuttonmis-: misapply, misuse,
38、 miscount, misdiagnoseout-: outnumber, outgrow, outstrip, outweigh, outvotecounter-: counterattack, counterbalance, counterchargeUnit3 ManufacturingTask 7 Change the meaning of the following verbs by adding prefixes in the box.disoutunoutundisdisdisununoutunUnit3 ManufacturingTask 8 Complete the sen
39、tences with the correct form of the words in brackets.1. She_ the map and spread it on the table. (fold)2. We were completely_ by the enemy. (number)3. They appear to have_ the public mood on education. (judge)4. They have_ our phone because we didnt pay the bill. (connect)5. The citys population_ i
40、ts resources. (grow)6. The police have_ a plot to rob this bank. (cover)unfoldedoutnumberedmisjudgeddisconnectedoutgrowsuncoveredUnit3 Manufacturing关系代词 which 和 that 的用法辨析Focusing on GrammarFocusing on GrammarUnit3 Manufacturing关系代词 which 和 that 的用法辨析More ExamplesPlease speak up so that the people a
41、t the back of the room can hear you.I will give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.He was clever so much so that he can solve it in a few minutes.He pushed the letter at me so that I could read the signature.Unit3 ManufacturingTask 9 Complete the sentences by using whichor that.1.
42、My computer is not the same machine_ it was.2. We tried to force the door open, _was found to be impossible.3. Thats all_ I have.4. There is no one_ has such good taste as he.5. He didnt tell me any news,_ upset me.6. Which is the pen_ you like most?thatwhichthatthatwhichthatUnit3 ManufacturingTask
43、10 Correct the mistake in each sentence if there is any.1. His new computer, for which he paid $800, has already been repaired twice two months within its purchase.2. He changed his mind for the second time, after that I refused to go out with him.3. Tennis, that is an attractive game, is enjoying g
44、rowing popularity around the world.4. It was the fourth time that she was in love that year.5. This is the most expensive skirt which I have ever owned.6. He is the last man which I want to marry.whichwhichthatthatUnit3 ManufacturingTask 3TextTask 2Task 1SettingTask 4Task 5Activity 2Unit3 Manufactur
45、ing Setting: After introducing mass production, Colin continues to brief his apprentices on product packaging.Unit3 Manufacturing Task 1 The following are some English terms often being found on product package. Match them with their Chinese equivalents.Unit3 Manufacturing Unit3 Manufacturing_ _Unit
46、3 Manufacturing_ Packaging: Packaging is originally used to enclose or protect products for distribution,storage, sale and use, but now it represents brand philosophy and features. A particular design may greatly add value to a product and boost consumersappetite. Therefore, producers pay more atten
47、tion to packaging but some have gone too far. Not long ago, the country formulated new regulations to prevent producers from excessive packing so that the price of a product will be reduced and fewer materials will be wasted. Environmentalists also advocate people to recycle packages to save our pla
48、net.Unit3 Manufacturing Task 2 The following are suggestions to some questions concerning packaging design.Complete them according to the text.1. Q: How can companies make a successful package design?A: They must take into account such elements as_,_,_and_ .2. Q: What do you mean by customer needs?A
49、: Customers may have varied needs: some like elaborate packaging better while others may just prefer_ . Therefore, a good packaging designermust_ .customer needspackage size reductionconveniencepresentationa simple packageidentify the real needs of a typical customerUnit3 Manufacturing 3. Q: What sh
50、ould companies do for package size reduction?A: Companies must make the packaging_ and_ .4. Q: Besides convenience, what should companies do to improve the presentation of a package?A: Besides that, companies should consider_ , _and_to make a package appealing.smallermore environmentally friendlycol
51、or combinationsfunctionbrand featuresUnit3 Manufacturing Task 3 Choose a proper word or phrase from A, B, C and D to replace the underlined part in each sentence.1. He is our best player and is integral to our team.A. essential B. integrated C. intentional D. integrity2. Our company is going to rele
52、ase a new product to meet varied market demand.A. publish B. relax C. launch D. relate3. How is anyone to re-create this elaborate art?A. detailed B. elegant C. diligent D. exquisite4. We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated equally.A. relate to B. stick to C. uphold to D. abide5.
53、 The speech highlighted the importance of promoting hybrid vehicle.A. put on B. reinforced C. focused D. emphasizedACABDUnit3 Manufacturing Task 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases in Task 3.1 Rituals and festivals form a(n)_ part of every human society.2. Each pe
54、rson is at liberty to_ any faith and to change his religion at will.3. Last year Collins wrote a moving ballad which_ the plight of the homeless.4. He is_ an album of love songs this summer.5. Cho and Lee celebrated their new partnership at a(n)_ banquet.integraladhere tohighlightedreleasingelaborat
55、eUnit3 Manufacturing Task 5 Translate the sentences. Key words and phrases are in brackets.1. The government is advocating low-carbon life, so_(环保材料和环保技术得到了蓬勃发展). (environmentally friendly, boom)2. _(我能感觉到她很局促), despite her effort of hiding her nervousness. (conscious, ill at ease)environmentally fr
56、iendly materials and technologies are boomingI was conscious that she was ill at easeUnit3 Manufacturing 3. We still see an increasing number of smokers_(尽管大多数人认为吸烟对健康极其有害). (majority)4._(我不得不用手把报纸上的相片撕下来) because I couldnt find the scissors. (tear)though the majority agree that smoking is extremely
57、 harmful to healthI had to tear the photo out of the newspaperUnit3 Manufacturing2Are there any packaging designs that you like best? Work in groups. Think out one of your favorite, search online for more information, describe it to your group members and elaborate your reasons.Unit3 Manufacturing T
58、ask 1 Listen to the conversation. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to what you hear.FFTTallbowlsUnit3 Manufacturing Task 2 Listen to the passage. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.quality controleffectivehealthsafety standardscheck the raw ingredientsrejectedwork
59、shop, machinery and the workerspackaging is appropriatecannedbottledshelf lifeUnit3 Manufacturing Unit3 Manufacturing Suggested AnswersThe students may ask such questions to make a dialogue.1. Q: Which steps merit our attention so as to ensure the safety of pickles?A: We must pay attention to three
60、steps, including choosing cabbages, processing cabbages and packaging.2. Q: What are the criteria of good raw materials?A: The leaves of cabbages must be green. Not rotted and no signs of mould are allowed.3. Q: What about the processing of cabbages?A: We can only use edible salt rather than industr
61、ial salt. No additives such as pigments, preservatives are added.4. Q: What about packaging?A: All bottles must be sterilized before pickles are bottled or canned.Unit3 ManufacturingThe skills of note-taking: Mark down only key words, like when, where, who, what, why, etc. Pay attention to the subje
62、ct, verb, object, adjective, etc. Use English words, Chinese characters, abbreviations or symbols to record the key words. Use arrows to mark the link or logic between each key word. Well split attention. Around 30% for note-taking while 70% for listening.Remember notes only serve as a backup.Unit3
63、Manufacturing Task 3 Listen to a short passage. Complete the passage with what you hear.Setting: Ms. Cope, the Workshop Manager of Food Organic, is paying a visit to Dingding Coffee Company. Bob, the Workshop Manager of Dingding Coffee Company, is showing her around the workshop.Unit3 Manufacturing
64、1. Q: What is Dingding Coffee doing at the moment?A: They are being innovative on _.2. Q: What did the workers complain about?A: They found their job boring because each worker was performing only _3. Q: What problem began to affect morale and became a real headache?A: Some employees felt that _.4.
65、Q: What are the solutions to addressing the problems mentioned above?A: Fitting_ to the workshop; Playing_ towards the end of_ to lighten the_ in the workshop; Considering giving_ to_ so that they have a_in the company.assembly lineone simple operation repeatedly on the assembly linethey didnt have
66、any stake in the companyglass wallscheerful musiceach shiftatmospheresharessome of their long-term employeesstakeUnit3 Manufacturing Setting: The training course of Food Organic is coming to an end. In the final lesson, all trainees are asked to make an overall introduction of both the two methods o
67、f production and compare them from various aspects.Unit3 Manufacturing Task 1 Work in groups. Form a group of 6 and subdivide the students into two teams. Team A is responsible for the introduction of mass production while team B is responsible for craft production.Task 2 Follow the steps.Unit3 Manu
68、facturing Unit3 Manufacturing Suggested AnswersNote: The following table is just for your reference. The students may have more or even different ideas. They are encouraged to use concrete examples, facts or other visualized materials to elaborate their views before coming to their conclusion.Unit3
69、Manufacturing Unit3 Manufacturing Unit3 ManufacturingThe recipe for a successful presentation1. Organization: PPT must have a well-organized structure. topic contents lead-in (questions or stories) main part (opinions, examples/analysis/explanation) conclusion reference2. Content: The presentation m
70、ust contain abundant, useful and relevant information. It must be logical, consistent and easy to understand.Unit3 Manufacturing3. Presentation: Visualized presentation could be more intriguing. Try to use pictures, charts, tables and videos to improve it. Avoid writing down each word that you are g
71、oing to say on the PPT.4. Articulation: Speak clearly with beautiful pronunciation and good rhythm. Slow down a little bit when you come to key points.5. Communication: Never read out each word on the PPT or in your script. Always have eye contact with your audience. Make use of body gesture to perf
72、ect your delivery.6. Reference: Remember to give credits to the source of your idea and print out the source for further reading for our audience.Unit3 Manufacturing3What communicative strategies does a sourcing agent often use when negotiating with the supplier? Share your ideas with your partner.U
73、nit3 ManufacturingTask 1 Read the following two tables to get the basic information about the product and its packaging design requirement.Setting:Corbett, head of Marketing Department of Eight Horses Tea sends an e-mail to Hamilton, head of the design company Basic Life and asks him to design the p
74、ackaging for his companys new product.Unit3 ManufacturingUnit3 ManufacturingTask 2 Complete the e-mail based on Task 1.head1736is made of the mixture of Dragon Well leaf tips and Jasmine flower buds.Its yellowish green, sweet and fragrant. It can be served in all seasons, especially in Summer. Adult
75、s of all ages can drink it and it is a preferred choice for women since it benefits drinkers in many ways, such as boosting immune system and treating all kinds of digestive disorders.Unit3 Manufacturingappealingcovers all authentic informationconvenient to preserve teaeasy to openUnit3 Manufacturin
76、gUnit3 ManufacturingUnit3 Manufacturingstandardizedadj. 标准化的The research involved administering standardized face recognition tests.techniquen. 技巧；手法The technique was adopted widely.partn. 零件；部件Here is the next part.Unit3 Manufacturingpartiallyadv. 部分地；不完全地The runway was partially submergedautomated
77、adj. 自动化的Testing and marking can be automated.streamn. 一连串；一系列She greeted me with a stream of abuse.Unit3 Manufacturingidenticaladj.完全相同的My work hours are identical to my sons school hours.This is the identical hotel we stayed at years ago.retrievev.找回；取回I went to retrieve the coat I had left on the
78、 train.The missing boat was retrieved from the ocean.retrieval n. 找回；取回The court ordered the retrieval of stolen goods.Unit3 Manufacturingtraditionaladj. 传统的I prefer traditional chinese music. handcraftedadj. 用手工做的It doesnt have to be handcrafted either.automationn. 自动化（操作）Greater use of automation
79、is also becoming more economic.Unit3 Manufacturingefficiency n.效率；效能Auto makers are working to meet fuel efficiency requirements for new cars.New technologies have helped us achieve dramatic efficiencies in production.efficient adj. 高效的；有效率的Service in this hotel is efficient and friendly.Unit3 Manuf
80、acturingprobability n. 可能性Calculate the probability of your husband getting the job.errorn. 错误；谬误The error is even bigger! moldn. 模具Remove the paw print from the mold.Unit3 Manufacturingdisadvantage n. 缺点America starts with one big disadvantage.capitaln. 资本；资金Capital and trade flows collapsed.introd
81、ucev. 引入；带来Other countries should also reconsider plans to expand or introduce such lines. Unit3 Manufacturingalter v.改变；改动The plan will alter traffic patterns in that area.I got the dress altered for the wedding a few days ago.alteration n. 改动；改变They are preparing to make a few alterations to the h
82、ouse.Unit3 Manufacturingvariety n. 多样（化）；多样性Readers should benefit from the greater variety.occurv. 发生But could such a thing occur? affectv. 影响Slowing exports will affect domestic spending.Unit3 Manufacturinghalt v.（使）停止；（使）停下Heavy rain halted two railroad lines in the northern area.The experts have
83、 made a proposal to halt the decline in our car industry.haltn. 停住；停止The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.Unit3 Manufacturingdecrease v.降低；（使）减少Car sales in South Korea decreased last quarter.The U.S. is making efforts to decrease military spending.decrease n. 降低；减少The slowing
84、economic growth caused a 3% decrease in his income last month.antonym: increaseUnit3 Manufacturingmerit n.长处；优点Board members met last week to discuss the merits of opening a new store in that city.One of his many merits is his reliability.antonym: demeritmerit v. 值得；应受The board will decide whether t
85、his case should merit more attention.Unit3 Manufacturingoutshine v.明显优于；使黯然失色She outshines all her competitors.Jack effortlessly outshines the other members of the organization.drawback n.缺点；毛病；不利因素The only drawback of the project is that it costs too much.We all thought that the plan had every adva
86、ntage and no drawback to our company.Unit3 Manufacturing规模化生产 规规模模化化生生产产（流流水水生生产产或或组组装装生生产产），是是指指大大批批量量地地生生产产标标准准化化产产品品的的过过程程。该该生生产产使使用用流流水水线线装装配配技技术术，也也就就是是将将零零部部件件或或者者半半成成品品放放在在传传送送带带上上送送到到负负责责不不同同生生产产环环节节的的工工人人手手中中。这这种种生生产产技技术术无无需需任任何何工工人人全全程程参参与与产产品品生生产产的的每每一一个个环环节，而且大部分生产过程都是自动化的。节，而且大部分生产过程都是自
87、动化的。Unit3 Manufacturing 规模化生产中，每个工人需重复一个或者多个相关生产任务，使用同样的工具在流水线上对一连串产品进行完全相同或者近乎相同的操作。操作所需要的工具和零部件都近在手边，所以工人们无需再花费时间找取或准备。与传统的手工生产相比，规模化生产大大加速了生产过程。而且，由于工人们只需专注于某一项或者某几项任务，所以他们无需掌握整个生产流程所涉及的全部技术，这意味着技术培训不会占用太多的时间。Unit3 Manufacturing 另外，流水线的自动化减少了劳动力成本，提高了生产效率。所以与手工生产相比，规模化生产能在更短的时间内以更低的生产成本制造出更多产品。同时
88、，多数任务都能利用机器或模具完成，这使得人为造成失误的可能性也有所降低。Unit3 Manufacturing 然而，规模化生产也有其缺点。首先，建造流水线需投入巨额资金。其次，规模化生产缺乏灵活性，因为生产线一旦建成再想改变产品设计或生产流程就非常困难了。再次，通过生产线生产出的产品全部相同，因此很难满足不同顾客的多样化需求。最后，任何环节的失误都会对后续的生产环节造成影响，甚至整个生产线都必须暂停。这无疑会降低生产效率并导致材料浪费。Unit3 Manufacturing 综上所述，大批量生产是把双刃剑。当然，如果能够做到严格把控产品质量，仔细监管并检查每一个生产环节，大批量生产通常还是利
89、大于弊。Unit3 ManufacturingUnit3 ManufacturingUnit3 Manufacturingpackagingn. 包装物Even product packaging is becoming intelligent.integral adj.不可缺少的Music should be an integral part of our education.Cooperation is integral to this program.principlen. 原则The same principle applies in business.Unit3 Manufactur
90、ingelaborate adj.制作精细的They celebrated their partnership at an elaborate banquet.The bowl has an elaborate pattern of flowers.elaborate v. 详尽说明；阐述Your proposal sounds interesting. Would you care to elaborate (on it)?Unit3 Manufacturinghighlight v.使突出；调Your resume should highlight your skills and achi
91、evements.All facts highlight the urging need for change.highlight n. 最精彩的部分The weekend in Barcelona is definitely the highlight of our trip.Unit3 Manufacturingreduction n.缩小；减少Consumers will benefit from the reduction of food prices.The central bank will make no further reductions in interest rates
92、in the second half of this year.reduce v. 减少；缩小The landlord refused to reduce the rent of our house.Unit3 Manufacturingconsciousadj. 注意到的；意识到的Beijing is conscious of the risksconceptn. 观念；概念The same concept applies to design. foamn. 泡沫材料Out of foam core, using a laser cutter.Unit3 Manufacturingpurch
93、ase v.购买；采购Jack purchased the property in 1999.He secured a loan to purchase a new car.purchase n. 购买；购Many stores allow you to make a purchase by telephone.Wage rises result in increased purchasing power.Unit3 Manufacturingconveniencen. 方便；便利You dont need credit cards for convenience.convenient adj
94、. 方便的；便利的It will be convenient to know her.scissorsn. 用复数 剪刀She cut herself with the scissors.Unit3 Manufacturingtear n.（纸、布等的）破洞；窟窿There is a tear in my new skirt.tear n. 泪水Bridget suddenly burst into tears and ran out.tear v. 撕扯Dont tear pages out of this new book.Unit3 Manufacturingmajorityn. 多数；
95、大多数The tragedy is the majority of such attempts fail.packn. 小盒；小包They pack their chocolate coins into boxes.obviously adv. 明显地；显而易见地And privacy is obviously important.Unit3 Manufacturingpresentation n.外观A new caf must pay more attention to presentation and taste.Its this products appealing presentat
96、ion that makes it sold so well.present v. 出现；显示A successful restaurant always takes care to present their food with style.Unit3 Manufacturingeye-catchingadj. 惹人注意的；养眼的China is the most eye-catching example. combination n. 组合；配 Its a winning combination that no competitor has yet been able to challen
97、ge.Unit3 Manufacturingfunctional adj.有用途的；有功能的This company was divided into five main functional areas.This handle is not functional but for decoration.function n. 功能；作用The brain performs a very important function.function v. 工作；运行The alarm system was not functioning when the thieves broke into the
98、bank.Unit3 Manufacturingvarious adj. 各种各样的Extinction comes in various wayselementn. 要素The second element is bine v.（ 使）结合；（使）组合Can you combine physics and math into one degree?Unit3 Manufacturinginspire v.激起；促成The country needs a leader who can inspire its people.The coach inspired his team to victo
99、ry.inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人（事）Bill Gates is an inspiration to business students everywhere.Unit3 Manufacturingluxurious adj.奢华的；华丽的He bought a luxurious black leather sofa yesterday.She is wearing a luxurious fur coat.luxury n. 奢侈；奢华They led a life of luxury, in a huge house in the downtown area.Unit3
100、ManufacturingTask 1 Jack: Nice to meet you, Mary. I hear that your products are selling well. Im wondering how your small workshop can compete with the big companies?Mary: I guess its because all our products are handmade. Every batch is unique and specifically designed for the customer.Jack: You pr
101、oduce a variety of tableware: tea cups, bowls and vases, dont you?Mary: Yes. Our distinguishing feature is that we can offer whatever pattern our customers need. They can give us their own designs or logos or we can create designs for them.Jack: So, you mean, all your products are tailor-made?Mary:
102、Yes. We dont have assembly lines like the big companies have, so we can be very flexible with our designs.Jack: I see. What about prices?Mary: Well, of course, our prices are higher than goods that have been mass produced but our customers are willing to pay for uniqueness.Unit3 ManufacturingTask 2
103、Tomato sauce is a widely consumed product. During the manufacturing process, quality control must be effective so that the final product meets health and safety standards in the food industry. The first step is to check the raw ingredients. For example, all the tomatoes to be processed must meet set
104、 standards. Tomatoes that show any evidence of mould or are overripe must be rejected. Secondly, during the manufacturing process, quality inspectors need to check such factors as the cleanliness of the workshop, machinery and the workers. They must also check that the process is running smoothly an
105、d the various ingredients are added correctly. Thirdly, it is important that packaging is appropriate. The tomato sauce must be canned or bottled in sterilized and hygienic conditions in order to guarantee its shelf life.Unit3 ManufacturingTask 3Bob: Welcome to Dingding Coffee, Ms. Cope.Ms. Cope: Th
106、ank you. Im delighted to be able to visit at last. I hear that your company is being innovative on the assembly line?Bob: Yes. Were busy making some changes. Workers used to complain about their boring jobs because each worker was performing only one simple operation repeatedly on the assembly line.
107、Ms. Cope: Yes, thats why Im interested. We have a similar problem.Bob: Yes, some employees said they felt they didnt have any stake in the company. It began to affect morale and became a real headache.Ms. Cope: So, how did you deal with it?Bob: We redesigned the factory and improved the work environ
108、ment.Ms. Cope: But how?Unit3 ManufacturingTask 3Bob: The workshop now has glass walls. The assembly line winds its waythrough the workshop so everyone can see most of what is going on. It gives employees a greater sense that they are part of a team and that they have a shared responsibility to see t
109、he product effectively created. Weve also started to play some cheerful music towards the end of each shift to lighten the atmosphere in the workshop.Ms. Cope: Mm! That sounds good.Bob: Were also considering giving shares to some of our long-term employees so that they have a stake in the company. Were going to encourage them to invest in the company if they want to as well.Ms. Cope: Wow, thats a bold move.Bob: Well, actually, Toyota in Japan has experimented doing that and its been well received by the workers.Ms. Cope: Really? Then maybe it is worth trying.Unit3 Manufacturing
