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1、NewwordsandExpressionsUnit1TextALearningaForeignLanguagerewardvt.givesth.inreturnforgoodandvaluabledoings报答，奖励Thefatherrewardedthelittleboyforcleaningtheroom.rewardsb.withforsth.inrewardof Cf.award: vt. makeanofficialdecisiontogivesth.asaprize,aspaymentorasapunishment授予，判定Thejudgeawardedbothfinalist
2、sequalpoints.Thecourtawardedhimdamagesof$4500.n.1.sth.asareturnforgoodandvaluabledoings报答，奖赏Asarewardforpassingtheexams,shegotanewbikefromherparents.2.somemoneygiventosomeoneforhisgooddoings报酬，酬金Ihearthereisabigrewardfortheseizingofthethief.rewardinga.satisfyingandworthwhile(givingyousatisfaction,pl
3、easure,orprofit)值得做的，有意义的，有益的e.g.Shefoundtheexperienceveryrewarding.她发现这个经历使她受益匪浅。教学是一项很有意义的职业。Teachingisarewardingcareer.frustrateVt.1)causesomeonetohavefeelingsofdisappointment使沮丧，使灰心Eg.Shewasfrustratedbyherfailureinthecollegeentranceexam.她因高考失利而灰心丧气。2）causethefailureofsomething使挫败，使受挫折Eg.Hisattit
4、udefrustratedourplan.他的态度破坏了我们的计划。frustrating :a.makingsomeonefeelannoyed,upset,orimpatientEg.Itsfrustratingwhenyoureinahurryandthetrafficisntmoving.frustration n. 沮丧，不安，灰心沮丧，不安，灰心junior(to)a.havingalowposition,level,orrank（地位、水平、层次）较低的Eg.Shestartedasajuniorreporteronalocalnewspaper.她是从一家地方报社的初级记者开始
5、干起的。Hisjobistogiveinstructionstopeoplejuniortohim.他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。n.1.Csb.whoisyounger年少者eg.ShenowliveswithactorDenisLawson,10yearsherjunior.她现在和比她小10岁的演员丹尼斯劳森同居。2.Csb.ofhighorhigherposition（地位或等级）较低者；晚辈Eg.Hehassaidlegalaidworkisforjuniorswhentheystartoutinthelaw.他曾说过，法律援助工作适合初涉法律工作的低级别律师来做。formera.
6、ofanearlierperiod在前的，以前的，旧时的Eg.Thecoalindustryisnowhardlyhalfitsformersize.煤炭业现在的规模几乎不到以前的一半。Theformerpresidentmadeaspeechattheconference.前总统在会上作了演讲。n.(theformer)thefirstofthetwopeopleorthingsjustmentionedEg.Giventhechoicebetweenapieceofchocolateandabook,mostwillchoosetheformer.面对一块巧克力和一本书，大多数人会选前者。
7、反义词反义词 latterunlikeprep.beingdifferentfrom不像；不同eg.Herrecentreportisquiteunlikeherearlierwork.她最近的报告与以前的大不相同。Unlikeme,mysonlikestogetupearly.UnlikethenorthpartofChina,itisnotlikelytosnowinwinterhere. Cf. dislike: v.Ilikecatsbutdislikedogs.likely: a. that is expectedShesverylikelytoringmetonight.alike
8、: a. similarThesetwophotographsarealmostalike.intimidateVt.createafeelingoffearinsomebody恐吓，威胁Eg.Hesaidhewouldneverbeintimidatedbyhisopponentspower.他说他绝不会被对手的权势吓到。Hesbeingkeptinjailuntilthetrialsothathecantintimidateanyofthewitnesses.他一直被关在监狱里直到审判为止，以确保他不能恫吓任何证人。opportunityn.agoodmomentorchancefordo
9、ingsth.Eg.IhadanopportunitytogotoNewYorkandstudy.我曾有过一个去纽约学习的机会。.equalopportunitiesinemployment平等的就业机会。seizetheopportunity抓住机会mediumn.amethodforgivinginformation媒体，媒介Eg.TVhasbecomethemostimportantmedium.Lighttravelsthroughoutthemediumofair.Cf.(mass)media大众传媒a.ofmiddlesize,amount,quality中等的eg.Theyhav
10、eamedium-sizedhouseintheheartofthecity.Shewasofmediumheightandmediumbuild.她中等身材。accessn.1.Umeansarightofusing,reaching享用权Thepeopleintheschoolhaveaccesstothatcomputerlabforfree.2.meansofenteringorawayin通道，入口Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthefield.Cf.assessses/assessment:decidetheamountof评估；估价，估算t
11、oassessonesincomeItisdifficulttoassesstheinfluenceofhisspeechparticipate（in）vi.takepart(in)Memberscanparticipateinanyoftheactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.会员可以参加俱乐部组织的任何活动。Alltheteachersparticipatedinthechildrensgames.所有的教师都参加孩子们的游戏。virtuala.1.【计】虚构的，虚拟的virtualreality虚拟现实virtualworld虚拟世界virtualcommunity
12、虚拟社区2.almostwhatisstated实质上的，实际上的avirtualcertainty实际上已肯定的事Thekingwassomuchunderthecontrolofhiswifethatshewasthevirtualrulerofthecountry.国王完全被他妻子控制，他的妻子才是这个国家的实际统治者。commitmentn.1.devotionto投入，献身Theonlinecoursewouldnothavesucceededwithoutthecommitmentofalltheteachers.Wearelookingforsomeonewitharealsen
13、seofcommitmenttojob.我们在寻求对此工作真正尽职尽责的人。2.apromisetofollowcertainbeliefsoraction承诺，许诺，保证Comeandlookroundourshopwithoutcommitmenttobuyanything.Theorganizationmadeacommitmenttopay$50,000tocharity.IdontwanttogetmarriedbecauseIdontwantanycommitments.Cmit v.1.dosth.illegal,wrong,foolish干坏事commitacrime,suic
14、ide,anerror2.makeitimpossibleforsb.nottodosth.;pledge承诺Thecompanyhascommittedfundstoanadvertisingcampaign.Hehascommittedhimselftosupporthisbrotherschild.disciplinen.1.Uthestateoforderandcontrol;self-control纪律；自制能力Everyoneshouldkeepdisciplineandyouarenoexception.每个人都应该遵守纪律，你也毫无例外。2.Cabranchoflearning
15、（尤指大学里的）学科Werelookingforpeoplefromawiderangeofdisciplines.我们正在寻找各类学科的人才。minimuma.theleast,orthesmallestpossible最低的，最小的Eg.Hecouldntjointhepolicebecausehewasbelowtheminimumheightallowedbytherule.他不能当警察，因为他的身高没有达到规定的最低要求。minimumwage最低工资minimumcost最低成本n.singthesmallestamount最小量；最低限度Thiswilltakeaminimumo
16、fonehour.这最少要用一个小时。Cf.maximum最大的；最大值assignmentN-COUNTAnassignmentisataskorpieceofworkthatyouaregiventodo,especiallyaspartofyourjoborstudies.任务;作业Theassessmentforthecourseinvolveswrittenassignmentsandpracticaltests.这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。Ihatetointerruptyourconversationbutwedohaveanassignmenttodiscuss.
17、我不愿意打扰你们的谈话，但是我们确实有一项任务得和你们商量。embarrassvt.makesomeonefeelashamed,nervous,oruncomfortable使尴尬，使难堪Theothersembarrassedherwhentheylaughedathermistakes.人们嘲笑她的错误让她感到尴尬。embarrassing：a.makingsomeonefeelembarrassed使人尴尬的，令人难堪的ItwasembarrassingthatIcouldntrememberhisname.Thedoctoraskedmealotofembarrassingquest
18、ions.postVt.putupsth,onascreen,wall,ornoticeboard发帖子，张贴Officialsbeganpostingwarningnotices.官员们开始张贴警示布告。Iwillpostanoticeonthebulletinboardtoletotherslearnaboutit.我会在公告板上贴一个通知，让其他人知道这件事。V-TIfyoupostinformationontheInternet,youmaketheinformationavailabletootherpeopleontheInternet.(在互联网上)发帖子continuala.1
19、.continuingwithoutstopping连续不断的，不停的continualrain,talking,improvement2.happeningagainandagain多次重复的；频繁的continualinterruptionsreapvt.1.getsth.esp.sth.good,asaresultofwhatonehasdone获得，得到Afterseeingmyfriendreapthebenefitsofhardstudy,Inowbelievethathardworkpaysoff.看到我的朋友努力学习，收获多多，我现在相信努力就会有收获/取得成功。2.cutan
20、dgatheracropofgrain收割，收获Farmersarereapingriceinthefield.农民们正在地里收割稻谷。Asyousow,sowillyoureap.种瓜得瓜。/一分耕耘一分收获。(nopains,nogains)benefitn.anythingthatbringshelporprofit益处，好处Thenewregulationwillbeofgreatbenefittousall.Hefeltthathegotmuchbenefitfromconversationswithforeigners.他觉得自己通过与外国人交谈收益匪浅。vt.beusefulor
21、helpfulto有益于Thenewteachingplanwillbenefitmanystudents.Hehasntbenefitedfromhisexperience.reap the benefits of: getsth.asareward获得益处，Onlyapartofthepeoplehasreapedbenefitsofthenewpolicy.insightn.C,Uanaccurateordeepunderstandingofsomething洞悉，深刻的见解eg.Studyingsciencegavemegreatinsightsintonaturallaw.学习科学知
22、识使我对自然规律有了深刻的了解。TheprojectwouldgivescientistsnewinsightsintowhatishappeningtotheEarthsatmosphere.该项目将使科学家们对地球大气层正在发生的情况有更新的了解。communicatevi.Sendandexchangefeelings,opinions,orinformationEg.Theycommunicatewitheachotherusingsignlanguage.他们通过手语交流。vt.makeopinions,feelings,orinformationknownorunderstoodb
23、yothers传达，传播Eg.Shecommunicatedherfeelingstoherteacher.她把自己的感受告诉了老师。gapn.abigdifferencebetweentwoamounts,situations,orgroupsofpeople差距，分歧.thegapbetweenrichandpoor.贫富差距。Americastradegapwidened.美国的贸易差额加大了。incomegap收入差距generationgapn.代沟（两代人之间的隔阂）gendergap性别差异bridge the gap:reduceorgetridofthedifferenceb
24、etweentwothings.缩小差距Learningaforeignlanguagehelpsusbridgethegapbetweentwodifferentcultures.学习外语有助于缩小不同文化间的差距。attimessometimesbutnotusually有时，偶尔atothertimes-onotheroccasions在其他时候，也有时候Sometimeshesfuntobewith;atothertimeshecanbeverymoody.有时候他很有风趣，可有时候脾气一上来就喜怒无常。atalltimes-always随时，永远Imatyourserviceatal
25、ltimes.我随时为您效劳。atatime-insequence;separately依次，逐一；每次Donttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabitatatime.不用什么事都一块干，要依次做一点。Takethepillstwoatatime.每次服两粒。atthetime-atacertainmomentorperiodinthepast在那时，在那段时间Iagreedatthetimebutlaterchangedmymind.我当时同意了，但后来又变了主意。atonetime-formerly从前beworthsth./doingsth.berewardi
26、ngenoughforthetime,effort,money,etc.值得的Thebookisworthreading./Itsworthreadingthebook.Ifeltthathislifewasnolongerworthliving.我发觉他的生命已经没有再活下去的价值了。Itsanideathatsworthconsidering.这个想法值得考虑。Hesdecidedtohavealookatthehouseforitiswellworthbuying.notonlybutalsoNote:with“notonly”or“only”placedatthebeginningof
27、asentence,thesentenceordershouldbeinverted.Notonlydidhefinishhishomework,buthealsocleanedtheroom.他不仅做了作业，而且还打扫了房间。Notonlyarehousewivesnotpaid,butalsomostoftheirboringworkisunnoticed.家庭主妇不仅得不到报酬，而且她们单调的工作大多数不会被人注意。Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetofinishtheworkattheendofthismonth.farfromnotatall;ratherthan一点都
28、不Farfrom(being)angry,hesveryhappy.他一点都不生气，反而很高兴。Farfromhelpingthesituation,youvejustmadeitworse.你非但对形势没什么帮助，反而使形势更糟。acoupleoftwo;asmallnumberof两个；一些，几个Isawacoupleofchildrenplayinginthegarden.我看见两三个孩子在花园里玩耍。Couldyoupleaselendmeacoupleofdollars?你能借我两三美元吗？get/have/obtainaccesstosb./sth.havetherighttoha
29、veorusesth.有权享用，可以使用Youobtainaccesstoyourdatabytypinginausernameandpassword.输入用户名及密码，你就可以获得你的数据。Anyonewhohasgotaccesstosecretinformationknowsthattheyshouldnotpassitonbytelephone.任何能接触到机密信息的人员都知道绝对不能通过电话传递这些信息。keepupwithkeepthesamespeedas赶上，不落后Ivehavingnotroublekeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.跟上全班的学习，
30、我一点困难都没有。Itisimportanttokeepupwiththechangesofthetime.跟上时代的变化十分重要。feellikesth./doingsth.wanttohaveordosth.想要，想做Afterlyinginbedforawholeday,Ifeellikeawalk.在床上躺了一天，我想散散步。Letitgo,hethought.Hedidntfeellikearguing.顺其自然吧，她想。他不想争辩。我想喝点水/休息一会。Ifeellike(having)adrink/rest.giveupstopdoingsth.orstoptryingtodos
31、th.停止，放弃Shegladlygaveupherpart-timejobtodevoteherselfentirelytoart.她欣然放弃兼职工作，完全投身于艺术。Thoughfacedwithmanydifficulties,hewouldnotgiveuponlinelearning.虽然面临诸多困难，他还是不会放弃网上学习。由于缺钱，他只得放弃学业。Hehadtogiveuphisstudiesbecauseoflackofmoney.thinkoutconsideralltheaspectsanddetailsofsth.beforedoingit仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨Hechew
32、edattheendofhispencil,thinkingoutthenextproblem.他咬着铅笔末端，思考着下一个问题。Thebookiswellthoughtout.这本书构思周密。comeacrossmeet,find,ordiscoversb.orsth.bychance偶然遇到，偶然发现Icameacrossanoldschoolfriendthismorning.Hecameacrosssomeoldphotographsindrawer.Theyoungmanwouldgetnervouseverytimehecameacrossagirl.那个年轻人每次遇到女孩子就紧张
33、。reapthebenefit(s)ofGetsth.asarewardforsth.done获得好处，得到好处Soonerorlateryouwillreapthebenefitsofyourhardwork.迟早你会得益于自己的努力。tradeforexchangefor用换trade sth. for sth.=exchange sth. for sth. elseHedecidedtotradehiscarforatruck.他决定用他的小汽车换一辆卡车。Inordertopayoffhisdebts,hehadtotrade(in) hispianoformoney.为了还债，他只好
34、把钢琴拿去换钱。Cf.trade sth. in for sth也有交换之意，但指的是以旧物折价贴换新物Hetradedinhiscarforanewmodel.他把自己的旧车折价，购置了一辆新款车。givesb.insight(s)intogivesb.adeepunderstandingofsth.深刻理解Visitingthecitygavemeaninsightintothelivesofthepeoplewholivethere.giveyousomeinsights给你一些启发nowthatbecauseofsth.orasaresultofsth.既然，由于Nowthatyouh
35、avegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehavior.既然你已经长大，就不应该有这种孩子气的举动。NowthatJohnhasarrived,wecanbeginourEnglishclass.既然约翰来了，我们可以开始上英语课了。insteadofratherthansth.orsomeone而不是；代替Youshouldbeoutforfreshairinsteadofstayingindoorsallday.你不该整天呆在屋里，应该到外面呼吸下新鲜空气。Whydontyouplayfootballinsteadofjustlookingon?你为什么不参加
36、踢足球，而只是看热闹？reachouttoCommunicatewith;contact接触，联系WiththeintroductionoftheInternet,wecanreachouttoourfriendsbyemail.由于互联网的使用，我们可以通过电子邮件与朋友联系。Cf.Reachoutfor:trytogetYoumustreachoutforanyopportunitythatcomesyourway.你必须抓住所遇到的任何机会。reachfor：holdoutoneshandtogetsth.Hereachedforthephoneanddialedthenumber.他伸手拿起电话，拨了号码。
