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1、New Horizon College EnglishUnit 1 Section ATime-Conscious Americans新视野1IV. IV. Summary Americans believe so much in moving ahead that they are _ researching, experimenting and exploring. They treat time as if it _ reala precious resource. They budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it,
2、 account for it and _ for it. A foreigners first impression _ the U.S. is that everyone is in a rush and often _ pressure. City people always appear to be _ to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention or elbowing _. Foreigners who miss smiles, brief conversations, or leisurely exchange
3、s with strangers should not feel _ by committed towerecharge ofunderhurryingothers hurt下一页下一页2IV. IV. Summarythis. Americans value time so _, they dislike anyone “wasting” it beyond an _ amount. New arrivals to the States will miss the custom of social talk _ a business call because Americans genera
4、lly _ or enquire about their visitors professionally rather than socially. They start talking business very quickly; time is always _ in their heads. They work _ at saving time through labor-saving devices so they communicate rapidly by fax, phone or email rather than _ personal contact. The _ of el
5、ectronic communication hashighlyappropriateduringassessticking hardthrough impersonality上一页上一页下一页下一页3IV. IV. Summary_ to do with the significance of the matter _ hand. _ a job or solving a problem rapidly in the U.S. is considered a sign of _.littleatFinishingskillfulness上一页上一页4V. Exercises读写教程读写教程2
6、 EX: II, P. 8读写教程读写教程2 EX: VI, P. 10读写教程读写教程2 EX: VII, P. 10 读写教程读写教程2 EX: VIII, P. 10 读写教程读写教程2 EX: IX, P. 11读写教程读写教程2 EX: X, P. 11 读写教程读写教程2 EX: III, P. 8读写教程读写教程2 EX: IV, P. 9读写教程读写教程2 EX: V, P. 9 ComprehensionVocabularyWord BuildingStructureTranslation5V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页1. What
7、 results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring? The attitude is that if one is not moving ahead, he is falling behind.读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. II, p. 8Ex. II, p. 8II. Answer the following questions.6V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页Time is treated as if it were
8、something almost real. People budget it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; they also charge for it. They do this because time is a precious resource.2. How is time treated in America? And why?7V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页上一页上一页Everyone is in a rushoften under pressur
9、e. In the writers eyes, city people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping.3.What is a foreigners first impression of the U.S. likely to be? And how do city people appear in the writ
10、ers eyes?8V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页4. What is the writers advice if you “miss smiles, brief conversations, small exchanges with strangers”? And why?Dont take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropria
11、te point.9V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页5.Why will new arrivals to the States miss many social behaviors during a business call?This is because Americans generally assess and enquire about their visitors professionally rather than socially. They start talking business very quickly. Time
12、is always ticking in their inner ear.10V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页6.What examples does the writer give to show that Americans work hard at the task of saving time?Americans produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices: they communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rat
13、her than through personal contacts.11V. Exercises ComprehensionBack下一页下一页上一页上一页7.How do Americans view the impersonality of electronic communication?The impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.8.What is the main idea of the last p
14、aragraph of Reading Passage A?It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the U.S.12V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. III, p. 8Ex. III, p. 8III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where ne
15、cessary. budgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surroundings elbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainconduct1. The government has _ one million for a new hospital in this region.budgeted13V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页budgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surroundings elbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainc
16、onduct2. There is an _ lack of water in the northern part of the country, because there has been almost no rain since last February.acute3. After listening to the speaker for three hours, the audience became _.restless14V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页budgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surrou
17、ndings elbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainconduct4. She grew up in comfortable _ ; she never experienced any difficulties when she was young.surroundings5. Having studied business at college and knowing two foreign languages, my secretary is perfectly _ for her petent15V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下
18、一页上一页上一页budgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surroundings elbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainconduct6. The leading economists of the country have been _ the influence of the funding crisis upon its economy.assessing7. When Brand _ his way to the center of the crowd, he pushed with all the strength of h
19、is body.elbowed16V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页budgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surroundings elbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainconduct8. The company is _ a survey to find out local reaction to their recently promoted product.conducting17V. Exercises VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页读写教程读写教程 2: E
20、x. IV, p. 9Ex. IV, p. 9IV. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb. 1. We cant afford to fall _ our competitors in using new technology.2. Every day the manager has to account to the chairman _ how he spends the companys money.behindfor18V. Exercis
21、es VocabularyBack下一页下一页上一页上一页3. He cannot go without wine even for one day; he is a complete slave _ drink.4. When the car broke down on the highway for a third time, Johns patience completely ran _ .toout19BackV. Exercises Vocabulary下一页下一页上一页上一页5. The chairman of the group suggested that as far as
22、Mr. Palmers work is concerned, hes worthy _ a big pay rise. 6. What one thinks and feels is, in the eyes of social scientists, mainly due _tradition, habit and education.ofto20BackV. Exercises Vocabulary下一页下一页上一页上一页7. It is a real honor to have the opportunity of meeting the well-known scientist _ p
23、erson. 8. Have you read a newspaper report probing _ the activities of drug dealers?ininto21BackV. Exercises Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页VerbSuffixNounmanagementmanagementinform-ationinformationproduce-tionproductiondecide-siondecisioneducateioneducationV. The suffixes or endings of words ment, -ation,
24、 -tion, -sion, and ion are added to verbs to form nouns. Study the table below:读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. V, p. 9Ex. V, p. 922BackV. Exercises Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页Now please write down the noun form of the following verbs. commitappointcivilizeconfuseconsideracquirecommitmentappointmentcivilizationconfusi
25、onconsiderationacquisitionattractimpresscomposecongratulateexplaindepressattractionimpressioncompositioncongratulationexplanationdepression23BackV. Exercises Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. VI, p. 10Ex. VI, p. 10VI.The suffix -able can be added to verbs to form adjectives meaning “able to b
26、e verbed”, “worthy of being verbed”, or “that ought to be verbed”. VII. Add -able to the following verbs to form adjectives, and notice that you have to change the form of some of the verbs before you add this suffix. Then use the adjectives to complete the following sentences. 24BackV. Exercises Wo
27、rd Building下一页下一页上一页上一页desirefavorconsideracceptdrink adviseremarkprefer1. It is _ always to wear a safety belt when you are driving on a highway.advisable2. To do the job of the sales representative, it is _ that you know something about medicine as well as about the market.desirable25BackV. Exerci
28、ses Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页3. The bank will lend you money on very _ terms as long as they are convinced that you will be able to return the money in good time.favorable4. The government has recently announced its new policy on environmental protection, but a _ number of people object that the gov
29、ernment has acted too slowly.considerabledesirefavorconsideracceptdrink adviseremarkprefer26BackV. Exercises Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页5. Finland is a country of Northern Europe and is _ for its large number of lakes.remarkable6. Conventionally, a dark suit is _ to a light-colored one for official oc
30、casions. preferabledesirefavorconsideracceptdrink adviseremarkprefer27BackV. Exercises Word Building下一页下一页上一页上一页7. The quality of the water has very much improved in this region and now the water coming directly from a tap is perfectly _.drinkable8. After a one-week talk they have finally reached an
31、 agreement on this issue _ to both parties.acceptabledesirefavorconsideracceptdrink adviseremarkprefer28BackV. Exercises Structure下一页下一页上一页上一页读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. VII, p. 10Ex. VII, p. 10VII. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese parts into English. Model: Americans do not assess th
32、eir visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk, _. ( (更不用说带他们出去吃饭了更不用说带他们出去吃饭了).). much less do they take them out for dinner29BackV. Exercises Structure下一页下一页上一页上一页1.The student can hardly speak simple English, _ (更不用说写更不用说写英语文章了英语文章了). 2.He cannot manage a small shop, _ (更不用说管理
33、一家更不用说管理一家大公司了大公司了). 3.John couldnt even pick up the box, _ (更谈不上把它拿更谈不上把它拿到楼上去了到楼上去了). much less write English articlesmuch less a big companymuch less carry it upstairs30BackV. Exercises Structure下一页下一页上一页上一页4. Ive never seen the man, _ (更谈不上跟他谈话了更谈不上跟他谈话了). 5.Indeed, almost every scientist now fi
34、nds it impossible to read all the works connected with his own subject, _ (更不用说大量地阅读自己学更不用说大量地阅读自己学科以外的东西了科以外的东西了). much less spoken to him much less ( to ) read a lot outside of it311. Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars. Eating out at a restaurant is always more expensi
35、ve.BackV. Exercises Structure下一页下一页上一页上一页Model: The telephone service is superb here. The postal service is less efficient.VIII. Combine the following sentences using the conjunction whereas. 读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. VIII, p. 10Ex. VIII, p. 10Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, w
36、hereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive.The telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.32V. Exercises StructureBack下一页下一页上一页上一页2. We thought she was rather proud. In fact she was just very shy.We thought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she
37、 was just very shy.3. We have never done anything for them. They have done everything for us.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything for us.33BackV. Exercises Structure下一页下一页上一页上一页4. Natalie prefers to stay for another week. Her husband prefers to leave immediately.Na
38、talie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.5. Some highly praise him. Others put him down severely.Some highly praise him, whereas others put him down severely.34BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. IX, p. 11Ex. IX, p. 11IX. Translate
39、the following into English.In the eyes of some people, Picassos paintings would seem rather foolish.1. 1. 在有些人眼里在有些人眼里，毕加索（，毕加索（Picasso）的）的绘画会显得绘画会显得十分荒谬十分荒谬。 rather foolish / absurdin the eyes of some people35BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页The increase in their profits is due partly to the
40、ir new market strategy.2 2. .他们利润增长他们利润增长部分的原因是部分的原因是由于采用了新由于采用了新的的市场策略市场策略。 be due partly tothe increase in their profitsmarket strategy36BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页The man told his wife to keep the medicine on the top shelf so that it would be beyond the childrens reach.3. 3. 那个男人告诉妻子
41、那个男人告诉妻子把药放在最上面的搁把药放在最上面的搁架上架上，这样孩子们就，这样孩子们就够不着够不着了。了。 beyond ones reachkeep the medicine on the top shelf37BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页Happiness doesnt always go with money.4. 4. 有钱有钱不一定不一定幸福。幸福。not always go with38V. Exercises TranslationBack上一页上一页That car has given me nothing but trou
42、ble ever since I bought it.5. 5. 那辆小汽车那辆小汽车从我买来以后从我买来以后尽尽给我添麻烦。给我添麻烦。nothing but ever since I bought it下一页下一页39BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页这种态度的结果是，全国人民都投身到研这种态度的结果是，全国人民都投身到研究、实验和探索中去了。究、实验和探索中去了。1. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and
43、exploring. (Para. 1)X. Translate the following into Chinese.读写教程读写教程 2: Ex. X, p. 11Ex. X, p. 1140他们会怀念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的他们会怀念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交往，而这种交往也许是他们自己礼节性交往，而这种交往也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。国家的一种习俗。2. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention
44、in their own country. (Para. 4)BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页41既然我们通常是以工作的方式而不是以社既然我们通常是以工作的方式而不是以社交的方式来评估和了解他人的，那我们就交的方式来评估和了解他人的，那我们就开门见山地谈生意了。开门见山地谈生意了。3. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (Para. 4)BackV. Exe
45、rcises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页42对我们来说，电信交流缺乏人性化，这与对我们来说，电信交流缺乏人性化，这与手头处理的事情是否重要关系不大，或毫手头处理的事情是否重要关系不大，或毫无关系。无关系。4. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. (Para. 6)BackV. Exercises Translation下一页下一页上一页上一页43除非给予一定时间来处理，不
46、然的话，在除非给予一定时间来处理，不然的话，在他们的眼里，手头的工作好像是无足轻重，他们的眼里，手头的工作好像是无足轻重，不值得给予适当的重视似的。不值得给予适当的重视似的。5. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (Para. 8)BackV. Exercises Translation上一页上一页44Text 返
47、回返回时间观念强的美国人时间观念强的美国人 Para. 1 美国人认为没有人会停止不前。美国人认为没有人会停止不前。如果你不求进取，就会落伍。如果你不求进取，就会落伍。 这种态度造这种态度造就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。族。 时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个则是劳力。一，另一个则是劳力。 45Text 返回返回Para. 2 人们一直在说人们一直在说: “只有时间才能支只有时间才能支配我们。配我们。” 人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待的。多是实实在在的东西
48、来对待的。 我们安排我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的使用作出解释；磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的使用作出解释； 我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的资源。种宝贵的资源。 许多人都深感人生的短暂。许多人都深感人生的短暂。 一旦人生的光阴逝去，就不能复返了。一旦人生的光阴逝去，就不能复返了。 我我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。 46Text 返回返回Para. 3a 外国人对美国的第一印象很可外国人对美国的第一印象很可能就是：每个人都显得匆匆忙忙能
49、就是：每个人都显得匆匆忙忙常常是处常常是处于压力之下。于压力之下。 城里人看上去总是在匆匆地城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了想赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。了想赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。 白白天人人都急急忙忙地吃饭则部分地体现了这天人人都急急忙忙地吃饭则部分地体现了这个国家的生活节奏。个国家的生活节奏。 工作时间被认为是宝工作时间被认为是宝贵的。贵的。 ( (待续待续) ) 47Text 返回返回Para. 3b （续）（续）在公共用餐场所，人们
50、等着在公共用餐场所，人们等着别人吃完，这样可以轮到他们，以按时赶回别人吃完，这样可以轮到他们，以按时赶回去工作。去工作。 你还会发现汽车司机开车很鲁莽你还会发现汽车司机开车很鲁莽, 人们推搡着在你身边过去。人们推搡着在你身边过去。 你会怀念微笑、你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈及与陌生人的随意闲聊。简短的交谈及与陌生人的随意闲聊。 不要不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们非常觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人不得当地珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人不得当地“浪浪费费”时间。时间。 48Text 返回返回Para.4a 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜
51、访等场合开始时的寒喧。商务拜访等场合开始时的寒喧。 他们也会他们也会怀念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交怀念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交往往, , 这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。 他们也许还会想念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意他们也许还会想念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。 ( (待续待续) ) 49Text 返回返回Para. 4b ( (续续) )一般说来，美国人是不会在如一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他们的客人的，更不用说他们会在增进相互间们的客人
52、的，更不用说他们会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去高尔夫球场。高尔夫球场。 既然我们通常是通过工作而既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人的，我们就开门不是社交来评估和了解他人的，我们就开门见山地谈正事。见山地谈正事。 因此时间老是在我们的耳因此时间老是在我们的耳朵里嘀嗒嘀嗒地响着。朵里嘀嗒嘀嗒地响着。 50Text 返回返回Para. 5 因而我们千方百计地节约时间。因而我们千方百计地节约时间。 我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速过发传真、打电话或
53、发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流地进行交流, , 而不是通过直接接触。而不是通过直接接触。 虽然虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, , 尤其是在马路上交通拥挤时。尤其是在马路上交通拥挤时。 因此我们把因此我们把大多数个人间的拜访放在下班以后的时间里大多数个人间的拜访放在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上进行。或周末的社交聚会上进行。 51Text 返回返回Para. 6 就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。有或完全没有关系。 在有些国家里在
54、有些国家里, , 没有没有当面接触就做不成大生意当面接触就做不成大生意, , 需要面对面的交需要面对面的交谈。谈。 在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。字。 然而现在人们越来越多的是在电视屏然而现在人们越来越多的是在电视屏幕上见面，开电信会议不仅能解决本国的问幕上见面，开电信会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能题，而且还能通过卫星通过卫星解决国与国解决国与国之间的问题。之间的问题。 52Text 返回返回Para. 7 美国无疑是一个电话王国。美国无疑是一个电话王国。 几几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约
55、会、说声安排或取消社交约会、说声 “ “谢谢谢谢”、 购购物、和获得各种信息。物、和获得各种信息。 电话不但能免去你电话不但能免去你的走路之劳，而且还能为你节约大量时间。的走路之劳，而且还能为你节约大量时间。 其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差劲多服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差劲多了。了。 53Text 返回返回Para. 8 有些初来美国的人很可能来自其它有些初来美国的人很可能来自其它的文化背景，在那里人们认为工作太快是一种的文化背景，在那里人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。失礼。 在他们看来，如果不是花一定时间来处在他们看来，如果不是花一定时间来处理某件事的话理某件事的话 ，则这件事就好像是无足轻重的，则这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。不值得给予适当的重视。 因此，人们觉得用的因此，人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。 但在美国，但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作，则被能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作，则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。视为是有水平、有能力的标志。 通常，工作越通常，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是目的是 “使工作开展起来使工作开展起来”。 54
