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1、现在完成时态现在完成时态详细讲解及其练习详细讲解及其练习一、一、现在完成时现在完成时由由“have/has+过去过去分词分词”构成，主要有两构成，主要有两个含义：个含义：v表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。等。vI have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）vHave you
2、 found your lost pen yet?vNo, I havent found it yet.（我很着急）（我很着急）v表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词延续性动词，常常与，常常与so far、for或者或者since短语连用。短语连用。since + 时间点时间点 /从句，从句，for + 时间时间段，如段，如for two months等。等。v二二 、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别v1）现在完成时和）现在完成时和一般过去时一般过去时都能
3、表示过去发生过都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；v2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，等的状语连用，并且用并且用when或或where对这些时间和地点状语提问对这些时间
4、和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。时，一般只用一般过去时。v三、在三、在“it is first/second.time that.。”或或在在“it/this/that is the +最高级最高级+名词名词+that.。”结构中，结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在在“it + be .+since从句从句”这一结构中，这一结构中，be可可用用一般现在时一般现在时或现在完成时，或现在完成时，since从句一般用过从句一般用过去时。去时。v现在完成时可以和带有现在完成时可以和带有 since 或或 for 等表示等表示“一一段时间段时间”的状语连用，
5、表示动作或状态从某一时的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：vI havent seen him for two years.v但是，像但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能等终止性动词不能与表示与表示“一段时间一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改的状语连用。要用，必须改为为“be（在）（在）”等延续性动词来表述。等延续性动词来表述。归纳总结归纳总结:由非延续性动词到延续性由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换动词的转换varrivebe here die be dead begin (start) be on vcome b
6、ack be back fall ill (sick, asleep )be ill (sick, asleep) leave be away get up be up finish be over vopen be open close be closed borrow keep v be on be in 或或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(a cold) have (a cold) vbegin to studystudy get to know know v come to work work 等等v如：如
7、：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。他参军三年了。vHis father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。他父亲去世二年了。vThe film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。电影已开始十分钟了。vWe have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。我们（开始）学英语已三年了。注意事项注意事项（1）have been(to)与与 have gone( to)的区别：的区别：have been(to
8、)表示表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于，可用于 各各人称；人称；have gone(to)表示表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once , never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。等连用，后者则不能。vHe has been to Beijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）他去过北京（已经回来了）vHe has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。他去北京了。 （还没有回来）（还没有回来）vhave/has been in 待在某地待在某
9、地v如：如：They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。他们呆在北京。v（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连 用。用。 如：如：vI havent left here since 1997.自从自从 1997 年以来，我一直年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。没有离开过这儿。现在完成时态练习题现在完成时态练习题v现在完成时态练习题现在完成时态练习题v一一 选择填空。选择填空。v( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and
10、her husband _for more than five years.v(A) died ,dead (B) has died, deadv(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has diedv( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. v(A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lendv( ) 4.He _his home for ten years.v(A)has left (B)left fromv(C)has been away from (D)was away
11、 fromv( ) 5.He _a league member for three yearsv(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D) have becomev( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two yearsv(A)joined the army (C)become a soldierv(B)been an army (D)been in the armyv( ) 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left schoolv(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)awayv
12、( )8.Have you_ learned English?vYes, Ive _learned a lot.v(A)never, ever (B)ever, never v(C)ever, already (D)already. everv( ) 9.Have you finished your homework _?vYes, Ive _done that.v(A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, justv( )10.Johns father _borrowed some picturesv(A ) has j
13、ust (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have alreadyv二二 选择填空选择填空v( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I it last nightv(A) finish (B) finished (C) have finished (D) will finishv( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A) Havegone, have gone (B) Didgo, went (C) Havebeen , went (D) Didgo, h
14、as , been )v( ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?vI _her for two yearsv(A) didmeet, havent seen (B) didmeet, dont see v(C) havemet, havent seenv( ) 4.He _finished his homework yet .v( A) didnt (B) havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have v( )5.Have you _traveled to Quanzhou?vYes, I have.v(A) just (B) yet C) ne
15、ver (D) everv( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_v(A) ever (B) already . (C) yet (D) just .v( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_.v(A) already ( (B) ever (C) yet (D) never三三 用用 since 和和 for 填空填空 （一）（一）v1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she lef
16、t here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 v9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time （二）（二）v1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.v2. Ive known him _ we were children.v3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.v4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.v5. Its about ten years _ she left the
17、city.四四 单项选择题单项选择题v( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _ 2 years.v（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)sincev（ )2. His father joined the party_v(A)since three years ago (B)in two years timev(C)for three years (D)three years agov3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?vA. so they B. dont they C. h
18、ave they D. havent theyv4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.vA. have been to B. have been invC. have been D. have gonev5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?v- About two months.vA. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought 6. He tells me he_ China for over five y
19、earsv. A. has been B. has been in vC. has been to D. has gone to Chinav7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing?vA. How soon , comes B. How often, gotvC. How long , came D. How far, arrivedv8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.vA. has come here B. has started to workvC. has lived there D. has left the universityv9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）改成反意疑问句）?v10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)v_ have they been here?v11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)v12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变改写句子，句意不变)
