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1、1Translation of attributive clause定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译Translation2INTRODUCTIONContributive clause includes Restrictive Attributive Clause (RA) and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause (NRA). RA clauses have a close relation to the words they modify (or their antecedent先行词), while the relation between NRA cl
2、ause and its antecedent is not that close. Accordingly, we can translate attributive clauses in three ways：31. Since restrictive attributive clause is to modify a noun, it is usually put before its put before its antecedentantecedent. But the clause has to be short enough so as not to break the main
3、 sentence:I want to buy a house which is inexpensive yet comfortable.我想买一座又便宜又舒适的房子。4But if the attributive clause may cause ambiguity or logic mistake, it should be put after its put after its antecedentantecedent, usually as an individual sentence：They killed four men and injured the fifth who lat
4、er died of his wounds.他们打死四人，并打伤了后来伤重死去的第五人。他们打死四人，打伤一人，伤者后来因伤势过重而死去。5Some attributive clauses can either put before or after its antecedenteither put before or after its antecedent, which makes no difference:On the European continent there is one subject which should be avoided the weather.在欧洲大陆，有一
5、个话题人们讳莫如深，那就是天气。在欧洲大陆，有一个人们讳莫如深的话题，那就是天气。62. In translation of non-restrictive attributive clause, we usually split it from the main split it from the main sentence and put it into an independent sentencesentence and put it into an independent sentence. This is because:1) Non-restrictive attributive
6、 sentences are usually too long to be put in one single sentence:7World War II was more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, recourses and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，因而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。82) Non-restrictive attributive cl
7、ause is usually descriptive or explanative rather than restrictive. So if you use them to restrict a noun, sometimes ambiguity may arise.His father, who is in Hongkong, will return to Taipei next week.他在香港的爸爸下星期要回台北。(他还有别的爸爸）他爸爸现在在香港，下星期回台北。9But please remember: Theres no rule but has no exception.
8、Some non-restrictive attributive clauses are also restrictive in meaning. Look at the following sentence:American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction. (Para. 5, L.28)收留外国学生的美国家庭得不到报酬，但可以少量地减少所得税。103. Sometimes an attributive claus
9、e doesnt serve as attributive at all. Instead, it is to explain the reason, condition, result and concession. Therefore, we can translate translate them as adverbialthem as adverbial.11They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及
10、全国。(表示结果）In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，则力避卷入。（表示条件）12The trend towards globalization began in the early 1970s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War II, was dismantled.国际化的趋势开始于20世纪70年代，当时二战后建立起来的固定汇率制瓦解了
11、。（表示时间）Copper, which offers very little resistance, is used so widely for carrying electricity.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛用来输电。（表示原因）13Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to attributive clauses.14Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two
12、 semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. (Para. 5, L.16)即使是那些只计划短期留居美国，一完成两学期高中课程就离开的年轻学生也很难找到一个愿意收留他们的家庭。15At the end of each semester, as long as the students pass final exams, American authorities grant a certificate, which is recognized in Brazil. (Para. 3, L.8)每学期末，只要学生通
13、过期末考试，美国当局就会颁发一个证书，这个证书在巴西是承认的。Every year the United States is host to an average of 78,000 foreign high school level students, of which 3,000 are Brazilian. (Para.3, L.5)每年，美国平均要接待7.8万名高中水平的国外留学生，其中3,000人来自巴西。16Many colleges and universities have accommodation officers, whose job is to help you fin
14、d somewhere to live.许多大学都有住宿管理人员，他们的工作就是帮你找到住的地方。17One important regulation of the foreign study program has to do with the time, established by the host “parents”, by which the teenagers must arrive home on weekend nights. 国外求学计划中一个重要的规定是关于时间的，“临时父母”规定周末晚上到某个时间必须回家。18He likes his sister, who is war
15、m and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who is aloof and arrogant.他喜欢妹妹而不喜欢哥哥，因为妹妹热情愉快，哥哥冷漠高傲。（表示原因）After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，直到深夜。（表示时间）19Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. (Para. 9, L.46)另一个令人紧张的时刻是当学生们等待国内航班送他们到美国的临时住处时。（表示目的）
