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1、高考链接 体验考点梳理 精讲要点知识 点拨第第14讲讲 虚拟语气虚拟语气高考链接高考链接 体验体验返回目录返回目录1.（2010高高考考英英语语江江苏苏卷卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【答案答案】B【解析解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的后应用
2、虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。过去式。返回目录返回目录2.（2010高考英语上海卷）高考英语上海卷）-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt【答案答案】C【解析解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have +
3、 过过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。去分词。本来应该做，而未做。返回目录返回目录3.（2010高高考考英英语语浙浙江江卷卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved【答案答案】 A【解析解析】 原形是：原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy
4、.故选择故选择A。返回目录返回目录4.（2010高考英语天津卷）高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案答案】D 【解析解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用从句采用have done的结构，故选的结构，故选D。返回目录返回目录5.（2010高高考考英英语语陕陕西西卷卷）If we _ the other road
5、, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【答案答案】B【解析解析】主句的谓语动词形式主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。返回目录返回目录might have arrived6.（2010高高考考英英语语湖湖南南卷卷）If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C.
6、had followed D. would follow【答案答案】C返回目录返回目录7.（2010高高考考英英语语北北京京卷卷）-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died【答案答案】 D【解析解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用表示与过去事实相反的假设，
7、故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即，即D项项正确。正确。返回目录返回目录考点梳理考点梳理 精讲精讲返回目录返回目录1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时（be动词用动词用were），主句动词的形式为），主句动词的形式为should/would/could/might+动词原形。例如：动词原形。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B. shouldnt C
8、. cant D. might not 解析：解析： that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为陈述语气。正确答案为C。返回目录返回目录考点一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法考点一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法werewould invite注意干扰信息！注意干扰信息！ 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if引导的从句动词用引导的从句动词用过去完成时主句动词的形式为过去完成时主句动词的形式为 should /would /could/might have done。例如：。例如： If the weather had been
9、 better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A.rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 解析：解析： 句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨下了一天的雨”是事实，所以是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为案为A。 注意干扰信息！注意干扰信息！3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中动词用一般与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中动
10、词用一般过去时过去时/should do/were to do，主句动词的形，主句动词的形式为式为should/would/could/might+动词原形。动词原形。例如：例如： If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B. could C. had to D. ought to 解析：解析： 句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为正确答案为B。 返回目录返回
11、目录虚拟语气用于非真实条件句虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句条件从句主句主句例句例句与现与现在事在事实相实相反反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)动词动词过去式过去式(be的形式一律的形式一律用用were)I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/might动动词原形词原形If he were indoors，he wouldnt feel so cold.条件从句条件从句主句主句例句例句与过去与过去事实相事实相反反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)had过去分过去分词词I (we，you，he，she，
12、it，they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.与将来与将来事实相事实相反反A式：式：If主语主语一般一般过去式过去式B式：式：If主语主语were to doC式：式：If主语主语should doI (we，you，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might动动词原形词原形A：If he were here this evening，we would play cards. B：I
13、f she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. C：If she should know it，she would tell me.在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：同情况区别对待。例如： Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt
14、 have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 解析：解析： 句意为：如果不是我在句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上七岁时爱上家乡的家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是今天的我会是什么样子什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。返回目录返回目录考点二、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句考点二、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句条件句中表虚条件句中表虚拟，时态后退
15、是真理后退是真理；有有be一律一律变成成were 虚虚拟条件句型条件句型虚虚拟条件句和主句条件句和主句动作如作如发生的生的时间不一致，主句不一致，主句和从句的和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当用适当的虚的虚拟语气形式，气形式，这种句子叫做种句子叫做错综时间条件句。条件句。这样的虚拟句不含有这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank yo
16、u for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could managed D. can have managed 解析：解析： 对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选，故应选B。 返回目录返回目录考点三、含蓄虚拟条件句考点三、含蓄虚拟条件句without you虚虚拟条件不直言，条件不直言， 都在上下文中都在上下文中联；要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否要不是没有就缺乏
17、，要不然否则就假就假设，but for要不是要不是, without没有没有, in the absence of, 缺乏缺乏时，时，or else否则，不然的话否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则否则 suppose 假设假设 providing如果，假设如果，假设 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句but for要不是要不是, without没有没有, 1、在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义、在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句中的名词性从句中2、在、在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是：语补足语是：necessary / stran
18、ge / essential / natural / a pity / a shame等表示等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形动词原形”，其中其中should可以省略。例如：可以省略。例如： 返回目录返回目录考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A
19、. will not be sent；that B. not be sent；that C. should not be sent；what D. should not send；what 解析：解析： 问句的句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈问句的句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理应如此的意思。正确阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为答案为B。 虚虚拟用在名从中，用在名从中，should do 结构要构要记清；清；一个一个坚持两命令，持两命令， 三个建三个建议四要求；四要求；It 做主后有形，做主后有形， 奇怪重要自然行；奇怪重要自然行； shou
20、ld do / do 型型（strange; important; natural)一个一个坚持：持：insist(坚决要求决要求) 两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建三个建议：suggest, advise, propose 四个要求：四个要求：demand, require ,request, desire具体说来其基本结构为：具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语主语+1）动词一般过去时（与现在事实相反，其中）动词一般过去时（与现在事实相反，其中be动动词用词用were）2）动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）动词过去完成时（
21、表示与过去事实相反）3）would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如：如： Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 解析：解析： 描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为案为C。 考点五wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气Wish之后有之后有宾从，虚从，虚拟时态退一退一层；As if / if only/ wo
22、uld rather ,时态也要退一也要退一层；Its high time that sb did sth. 此种形式要此种形式要记清。清。虚虚拟条件句（条件句（if 从句）型从句）型条件句中表虚条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理后退是真理；有有be一律一律变成成were Wish之后有之后有宾从，虚从，虚拟时态退一退一层；As if / if only/ would rather ,时态也要退一也要退一层；Its high time that sb did sth. 此种形式要此种形式要记清。清。虚虚拟用在名从中，用在名从中，should do 结构要构要记清清；一个一个坚持两命令，持两命令，
23、三个建三个建议四要求；四要求；It 做主后有形，做主后有形， 奇怪重要自然行；奇怪重要自然行； 虚虚拟条件不直言，条件不直言， 都在上下文中都在上下文中联；要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假就假设，要点知识要点知识 点拨点拨返回目录返回目录虚拟语气用于非真实条件句虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句条件从句主句主句例句例句与现与现在事在事实相实相反反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)动词动词过去式过去式(be的形式一律的形式一律用用were)I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/might动动词原形词原
24、形If he were indoors，he wouldnt feel so cold.条件从句条件从句主句主句例句例句与过去与过去事实相事实相反反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)had过去分过去分词词I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.与将来与将来事实相事实相反反A式：式：If主语主语一般一般过去式过去式B式：式：If主语主语were to doC式：
25、式：If主语主语should doI (we，you，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might动动词原形词原形A：If he were here this evening，we would play cards. B：If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. C：If she should know it，she would tell me. 4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 （1）在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、）在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语
26、从建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：（句中用虚拟语气，形式为：（should）+动词原动词原形形。常这样用的动词有：。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，劝告，demand要求，要求，desire渴望，渴望，command命令，命令，insist坚坚持，持，prefer宁愿，宁愿，urge主张，主张，order命令，命令，recommend推荐，推荐，request要求，要求，require要求，要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。建议，以及这些词的名词形式。 注意注意 suggest,insistsuggest,insist等动词不表示建议、要求等
27、等动词不表示建议、要求等解释时，其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气解释时，其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气形式。形式。（2）wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 对现在情况的虚拟：对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+动词动词过去式过去式或或were对过去情况的虚拟：对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词对将来情况的虚拟：对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+would+动词原形动词原形返回目录返回目录 5. 其他句型中的虚拟语气其他句型中的虚拟语气（1）would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望
28、，意为意为“宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿”。 Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.（2）It is (high/about)time(that).句型中的虚句型中的虚拟语气在句型拟语气在句型“It is (high/about)time.”后面后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用用“should+动词原形动词原形”，意为，意为“该是该是的时的时候了候了”。 It is time (that) we went home.我们该回我们该回家了。家了。 （3）if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气
29、引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could+动动词原形词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I had not been ill last week! 要是上周我没病该多好啊！要是上周我没病该多好啊！ 1.(2011全国卷全国卷,32)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight wa
30、s delayed.A. will B. can C. must D. should2.（2011北京卷北京卷,28）Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have beenDA3.（2011北京卷北京卷,30）Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give y
31、ou more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying4.（2011天津卷天津卷,15）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have comeDC5.（2011江苏卷江苏卷,34）I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway offici
32、al.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolenB6.（2011福建卷福建卷,34）Pity, you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would att
33、end D. would have attendedD7.（2011陕西卷陕西卷,22）I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt goneA8.（2011江西卷江西卷28）We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have putDThank you!
