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1、Computer Graphicsand Application2010Copyright LIAMA/BJFU/ CIRADhttp:/ ZGang YWujun C25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Application projects Computer Graphics & Application25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Application projectsnPrinciple: build a simple, single app
2、lication based on Computer Graphics techniques. nAccording to the subject, programming in C/C+, OpenGL (GLUT), or VRML may be required or not.25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 1. Extruded objects. 3D vessels or branches from their skeletonsnBuild a 3D model of plant or vessel with
3、 outer views. Input is a list of points defining center of skeletons with their diameters.1.a. Project in VRML only1.b. Project in C/C+n我的理解：角度1：重点放在设计算法实现从一条中轴骨架线构造出模型，即实现extrude(sweep)操作。最终物体可以表达为面片的集合，甚至是一个个小圆柱体的集合，并在Vrml中显示出来角度2：Extruded 物体可用Vrml中的节点直接创建，关键在于较为逼真的效果显示（模型、纹理、灯光、背景、用户交互用户交互）25/08/
4、2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 2. Flame simulationnUse particle systems or any other methods to represent the flame effects.nProposed environment: OpenGL or VRML 25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Flame simulationnPapers“Interactive Simulation of Fire”J. Stam et al.
5、, Depicting fire and other gaseous phenomena using diffusion processes, SIGGRAPH 1995 D. Nguyen, Physically based modeling and animation of fire, SIGGRAPH 2002 A. Lamorlette et al., Structural modeling of flames for a production environment, SIGGRAPH 200225/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application
6、2010 S. Flame simulationn可以从已有的源码入手n网上可以google出许多资源http:/ （一篇介绍火焰模拟的短文）http:/ Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 3. Water simulation nSimulate the waved surface of water or the dynamic effects of water.nMany methods can be considered, for example, dynamic texture mapping, mathematic function
7、for simulating waved surface or particle systems.n水、瀑布、波浪等等效果都可以作为模拟实现的对象25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Water simulationnPapersM. Kass et al., Rapid, Stable Fluid Dynamics for Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 1990 N. Foster et al., Practical animation of liquids, SIGGRAPH 2001 D. En
8、right et al., Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces, SIGGRAPH 2002 M. Carlson et al., Rigid fluid: animating the interplay between rigid bodies and fluid , SIGGRAPH 2004 M. Carlson, Rigid, Melting, and Flowing Fluid, PhD dissertation, 2004M. Desbrun et al., Smoothed particles: A new para
9、digm for animating highly deformable bodies, Eurographics workshop on computer animation and simulation 1996 M. Muller et al., Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications, Symposium on computer animation 2003 Cem Yuksel, Donald H. House, and John Keyser, “Wave Particles”, Proceeding
10、s of SIGGRAPH 2007 (TOG), 26(3) 200725/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Water simulationn源码资源http:/ Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 4. Clouds simulationnBuild clouds scene; users can browse and wander in these clouds. Clouds can be represented with billboards in real time.
11、 Sky scene can be defined as the background. Build a cloud library (using Terragen or other tools)nProposed environment: OpenGL or VRML25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Clouds simulationnPapersGeoffrey Y. Gardner, “Visual simulation of clouds”, 1985“A Simple, Efficient Method for
12、A Simple, Efficient Method for Realistic Animation of Clouds”“Realistic and Fast Cloud Rendering In Computer Games”R. Miyazaki, Simulation of cumuligorm clouds based on computational fluid dynamics, Eurographics 2002M. Harris, “Simulation of Cloud Dynamics on Graphics Hardware”. http:/ Harris, Real-
13、time cloud simulation and rendering, PhD thesis 200325/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Clouds simulationn源码资源nhttp:/:7122/kw%3Dcloud25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 5. Virtual scene wanderingnBuild a virtual scene which includes some builders, plants and other v
14、irtual objects. Users can browse and wander in the scene. (For example, you can construct the scene of Youth Apartments(青年公寓)nBuilders can be represented as a textured box; plants can be rendered with billboards.nProposed environment: VRML or OpenGL. nThe scene can be modeled with other modeling too
15、ls, for example moray or 3DS Max.25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Virtual scene wanderingnhttp:/ sources on Internethttp:/ Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 6. Designing a little gamenDesign a little game or any other interesting things by yourself. For example, Tank war,
16、 space war, shooting game, bouncing ballsnThe game can be 2D or 3D.nProposed environment: OpenGL or VRML 25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 7. Hair simulationnRendering a furry object.nYou can use geometry-based approaches or volume texture based approaches to model and represent f
17、urs or hairs.nProposed environment: OpenGL 25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Hair simulationnGeometry-based approachesA. Deldegran, An integrated system for modeling, animating and rendering hair, Computer Graphics Forum 1993A. V. Gelder, “An Interactive Fur Modeling Technique”. I
18、n Proceedings of Graphics InterfaceK. Ward, “Modeling hair using level of detail representations”. In Proceedings of Computer Animation and Social Agents, 2003nVolume texture based approachesJ. Lengyel. “Real-time fur”. In Eurographics Workshop on Rendering 2000.J. Lengyel. “Real-Time Fur over Arbit
19、rary Surfaces”. In ACM 2001 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. 25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Hair simulationnhttp:/www.cs.utah.edu/thiago/fur/fur.html （国外学生做的基于体纹理的毛发绘制程序）nhttp:/codrt.free.fr/hufo/fur_us.php （Hufos coding site. 即有体纹理方法的实例，也有几何方法的实例）25/08/2024 Computer graph
20、ics and Application 2010 S. 8. Level of Detail (LOD); Terrain visualization nMultiresolution approach for terrain visualization defined from rectangular altitude grid. Define Distance control tool for adaptative terrain visualization.a. Project in VRML: main focus on multiresolutionb. Project in Ope
21、nGL: main focus on distance control 25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Level of Detail (LOD); Terrain visualizationn角度一：采用分形的方法生成地形K. Musgrave et al., The synthesis and rendering of eroded fractal terrains, SIGGRAPH 1989http:/ Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields”“
22、Level-of-detail Management for Real-time Rendering of Phototextured Terrain”http:/www.vterrain.org/LOD/Papers/http:/www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/people/peter.lindstrom/papers/siggraph96/25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 9. Plant modeling with Amap approach or L-systemnAmap方法资源Yang, H.-P.
23、, De Reffye, P., Pan, C.-H., Hu, B.-G., “Fast construction of plant architectural models based on substructure decomposition”, Journal of Computer Sciences and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 780-787, 2003.( http:/ de Reffye, 熊范纶，胡包钢，康孟珍，“基于双尺度自动机模型的植物花序模拟”，计算机学报.Vol.26 No.1, pp. 116-124, 2003. (htt
24、p:/ Reffye P,熊范纶，胡包钢,展志岗.虚拟植物生长的双尺度自动机模型. 计算机学报2001,Vol.24, No.6,pp. 608-617. (http:/ P. Yan, J. F. Barczi, Ph. de Reffye and B.G. Hu. “Fast Algorithms of Plant Computation Based on Substructure Instances”. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer V
25、ision, 3(10), pp. 145-153, 2002, Plzen - Bory, Czech Republic. (http:/ lab web: http:/ nL-system方法资源25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 10. Application of graphic techniques in your specialtynApply graphic techniques to visualize or simulate the phenomenon or scenes about your speci
26、alty. For example, visualizing complex molecule, simulate the cell motion, exhibit the atmosphere motion or large-scale terrain.nProposed environment: OpenGL or VRMLnTopics may include but not restricted to:Out-door scenesGeographic informationBiological structure visualizationMathematical surfaces2
27、5/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 11. Environment Mapping (环境映射环境映射)Gene Miller 在在1982年年对球面环境映射对球面环境映射的实验的实验25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 环境映射技术环境映射技术n球面或立方体表面充当了一种中间表面的作球面或立方体表面充当了一种中间表面的作用用25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 环境映射技术环境映射技术n将照
28、相机放在将照相机放在场景场景的中心，拍摄得到环境的图像的中心，拍摄得到环境的图像n把上述图像贴到一个球面或立方体表面上把上述图像贴到一个球面或立方体表面上n当绘制镜面物体时，将从球面或立方体表面上获当绘制镜面物体时，将从球面或立方体表面上获得所映射的纹理值。得所映射的纹理值。从中心点从中心点(C点点)沿反射方向延伸与球面沿反射方向延伸与球面交与交与E点，用点，用E点的纹理作为点的纹理作为O点处的点处的环境颜色。环境颜色。25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 立方体环境映射技术立方体环境映射技术n可将环境纹理映射到一个立方体表面
29、上，即用可将环境纹理映射到一个立方体表面上，即用立方体表面作为中介面立方体表面作为中介面25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 一幅典型的立方体环境图一幅典型的立方体环境图25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. OpenGL中的环境映射中的环境映射nOpenGL支持球面环境映射支持球面环境映射glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP);glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE
30、, GL_SPHERE_MAP);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);n目前的新型显卡还提供了对立方体环境映射的支持目前的新型显卡还提供了对立方体环境映射的支持25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 12. Bump Mapping or Displacement Mapping (凹凸纹理贴图或位移纹理贴图凹凸纹理贴图或位移纹理贴图) 凹凸贴图凹凸贴图位移贴图位移贴图25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application
31、2010 S. nRefer to but neednt totally restricted to these topics and their requirements.nEnjoy what you do.25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 网上源码资源网上源码资源nhttp:/ nhttp:/ Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. VRML资源资源n光盘上的VRML资源VRML97（VRML97是圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学超级计算机中心Dave Nadeau编写的vrml97
32、教程）；http:/tecfa.unige.ch/guides/vrml/sig-graph-tutorial/vrml97.htmn网上资源http:/www.cs.vu.nl/eliens/documents/vrml/reference/BOOK.HTMhttp:/ （vrml与地形漫游）http:/vrmlworks.crispen.org/tools.html#Office （Tools for World-Builders in VRML）25/08/2024 Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. Just enjoy what you do!Thanks25/08/2024
