河南省新密一高高三英语语法专项复习:动词不定式PPT课件

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1、动词不定式动词不定式一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语To see one timeTo see one time is better than to hear a hundred timesto hear a hundred times. To persevereTo persevere means victory! 注注注注:在在很很多多情情况况下下,特特别别是是在在口口语语中中,常常采采用用先先行行it代代替替主主语语,而把不定式后置:而把不定式后置: Its a great pleasure to be hereto be here. It

2、 is not an easy thing to master a languageto master a language. 注注注注:这这种种后后置置不不定定式式的的结结构构也也适适用用于于某某些些谓谓语语动动词词不不是是系系动动词词的句子,如:的句子,如: It took us five hours to get thereto get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like thatto hear him talk like that.注注注注:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的

3、上下文或情景中看出,也可以由中看出,也可以由“ for + 名词词组名词词组” 来表示,如:来表示,如: It is not hard for onefor one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for mefor me to do the work.注注注注:某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上加上 “of + 名词词组名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:如: Its kind of youof you to think so much of us

4、. Its very nice of youof you to be so considerate. Its unwise of themof them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of herof her to make such a mistake. 二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语1主主语语和和表表语语都都是是不不定定式式(其其含含义义往往往往一一是是条条件件,一一是是结结果果),如:如:Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todotha

5、twouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.削足适履削足适履2主主语语是是以以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等等为为中中心心词词的的名名词词词词组组,或或以以what引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorthtoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletternot

6、towritethatletter.Mysuggestionistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语1“动动动动词词词词 +带带带带 toto的的的的不不不不定定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,le

7、arn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:等,例如:Ivearrangedtomeethimattenoclocktomeethimattenoclock.Ididntexpecttofindyouheretofindyouhere.2“动动动动词词词词 +疑疑疑疑问问问问词词词词 +带带带带 toto的的的的不不不不定定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。(这这种种不不定定式式结结构构接接近近一一个个名名词词

8、从从句句)。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。等。疑疑问问词词(也也称称连连接接代代/副副词词)有有:what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),如:除外),如:Idontknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertos

9、ellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wheretoputit.注注:如如果果作作宾宾语语的的不不定定式式结结构构有有自自己己的的补补语语,则则应应使使用用先先行行it,把不定式后置,例如:把不定式后置,例如:Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.注注:不不定定式式结结构构一一般般不不可可作作介介词词宾宾语语,只只有有在在个个别别场场合合,即即在在含含有有否否定定意意义义的的带带有

10、有介介词词except或或but(=except)的的结结构构中中才才能能这这样样用用,例如:例如:Heseldomcomesexcepttotolookatmypictureslookatmypictures.Thechilddiddidnothingexceptweepweep.Shecandodoanythingbutsingsing.她除了唱歌之外她除了唱歌之外, 什么都会做。什么都会做。 Hewilldodoanythingforyouexceptlendyoumoneylendyoumoney.Theycoulddodonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoar

11、rivewaitforthedoctorstoarrive. 注意不定式符号的省略问题!注意不定式符号的省略问题!注意不定式符号的省略问题!注意不定式符号的省略问题! 五、不定式结构作状语五、不定式结构作状语五、不定式结构作状语五、不定式结构作状语不不定定式式结结构构可可以以作作状状语语,修修饰饰动动词词、形形容容词词、副副词词等等,表表示示目目目目的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件等。等。1 1表示目的:表示目的:表示目的:表示目的: They ran over to welcome the delegatesto welcome the del

12、egates. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quicklyto go to town more quickly. He went home to see his motherto see his mother.注注注注:为为了了强强调调表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式结结构构,特特别别是是在在不不定定式式结结构构前前有有否否定定词词 not 时时,通通常常可可以以在在不不定定式式符符号号 to 之之前前加加上上 in order 或或 so as,如:,如: He came here in orderin order to see Charli

13、e. He shouted and waved so asso as to be noticed. He went early in orderin order not to miss the train. I turned the radio down so asso as not to disturb him.注注注注:表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式可可以以置置于于句句首首,这这也也是是区区别别于于其其他他功功能能的的标标志志之之一一。但但是是,置置于于句句首首表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式之之前前可可以以加加上上in order,但却不可以加上,但却不可以加上so as ,如:,如:

14、 To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. ( (In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.)In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.) To get the best results, use clean water. 2.2.表示结果:表示结果:表示结果:表示结果:WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.不定式结构

15、表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型:soastosoastoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astosuch()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoenoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.toototootoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.注意:注意:注意:注意:下列句子中的不表示结果

16、,也无否定含义:下列句子中的不表示结果,也无否定含义:Imonlytoogladtogo.(=Imverygladtogo.)Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome.(=Ishallbeverypleasedtogethome.)onlytoo(adv.)onlytoo(adv.)极极极极; ;非常非常非常非常; ;太太太太; ;很很很很 3.3.表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)Shewepttohear

17、thenews.Ipretendtobehappytoknowhim.Helaughedtoseesuchfun.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语Dontforceyourselftowritetowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouseenterthehouse?1 1只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结

18、构作宾语补足语的动词:表表示示“希希望望”“愿愿望望”等等心心理理状状态态的的动动词词,如如:wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust等。等。Whatdoyoudesiremetodotodo?Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldladytoacttheoldlady.含含有有“让让”“允允许许”“促促使使”“致致使使”等等祈祈使使意意义义的的动动词词,如如:let,allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。等。Wemustntletthisha

19、ppenagainhappenagain.Hisfatherputhimtomindthesheeptomindthesheep. 带带有有“请请求求”“恳恳求求”等等感感情情色色彩彩的的动动词词,如如:ask, desire,invite,beg,request,worry等。等。Hebeggedmenottotellhisfatheraboutitnottotellhisfatheraboutit.ShewasalwaysworryingherfathertotakehertoParistotakehertoParis.含含有有“建建议议”“劝劝告告”等等意意义义的的动动词词,如如:adv

20、ise,persuade,callon,urge等。等。Heurgedustoacceptthecompromisetoacceptthecompromise.Thedentistadvisedmetohavethebadtoothpulledouttohavethebadtoothpulledout.含含有有“命命令令”“强强迫迫”“禁禁止止”等等意意义义的的动动词词,如如:order,command,require,charge,tell,make,force,drive,forbid,warn等。等。Herequiredustokeepitasecrettokeepitasecret.T

21、hedoctororderedhimtostayinbedforafewdaystostayinbedforafewdays.Iwarnyounottodothatagainnottodothatagain.其其他他还还有有:help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor,train,dependon等。等。Hepromisedtoteachmetoswimtoswim.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebookstomakeuseofreferencebooks.Wearewaitingforthetraintos

22、toptostop.2 2既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词: see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have;see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have; imagine,imagine,find,find,discover,discover,like,like,want,want,understan

23、d,understand,hate,hate,bring,bring,get,get,leave,setleave,setDidyouseeanyoneenterthehouseenterthehouse?Dontimagineyourselftobealwayscorrecttobealwayscorrect.Wefindhimtobedishonesttobedishonest.Hesettheboystocarrywatertocarrywater.Illleavehimtosolvetheproblemforhimselftosolvetheproblemforhimself.注注注注

24、:有有些些动动词词用用不不不不定定定定式式式式与与用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,所所表表达达的的意意义义是是有有差差别别的的。一一般般说说来来,用用不不定定式式表表示示一一次次性性动动作作或或动动作作的的完完成成(即即全全过过程程);而而用用现现在在分分词词则则表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行,即即:谓谓语语动动词词所表示的动作发生时,现在分词所表示的动作正在进行,如:所表示的动作发生时,现在分词所表示的动作正在进行,如:Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceh

25、eardhimsingthissong.SheheardMr.Whitesinginginthenextroom.注注注注:使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,在在在在有有有有些些些些动动动动词词词词后后后后面面面面,不不不不定定定定式式式式符符符符号号号号toto应当省略。应当省略。应当省略。应当省略。 下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号toto:let,make,h

26、ave,see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,hear,listentolet,make,have,see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,hear,listentoHeobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom? helphelp一一一一词词词词在在在在使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,可可可可以以以以带带带带 toto,也也也也可可可可以以以以不不不不带带带带

27、toto,如:如:Doyouoftenhelpyourmother(to)dothehousework?使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的句句句句子子子子,改改改改为为为为被被被被动动动动结结结结构构构构以以以以后后后后,宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,“ “toto” ”不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略,如:如:Thebossmadethemworkwork frommorningtillnight.Theywerema

28、deto workto work frommorningtillnight.不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生例如:例如:Whoheardhimsaythat?Theyinvitedustogotherethi

29、ssummer.如如果果不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生,这这个个不定式就要用不定式就要用完成式完成式完成式完成式,如:,如:Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.(cf.Imgladtoseeyou.)(cf.Imgladtoseeyou.)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式不定式的完成式不定式的完成式Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)Theenemywasreportedtohave

30、surrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。

31、的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。不定式的进行式不定式的进行式不定式的进行式不定式的进行式They are said to be building another bridge across the river. They seem to be getting along quite well. I happened to be going that way too.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.I am glad to be working with you. Its nice of you to be thinking

32、of us. 九九九九、如如如如果果果果不不不不定定定定式式式式所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的动动动动作作作作在在在在谓谓谓谓语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的时时时时间间间间之之之之前前前前一一一一直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan. She wished to have been training as hard as the others. Its a great

33、pleasure to have been working with you.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。 十、十、十、十、 不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She asked to be se

34、nt to work in Xinjiang.He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? She was too young to be assigned such work.不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式不定式有时还可以有完

35、成式的被动式不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)(主语)She She preferred preferred to to have have been been given given heavier heavier work work to to do. do. ( (宾宾语语) ))He He thought thought it it an an h

36、onour honour to to have have been been invited invited to to the the party. party. (复合宾语)(复合宾语)The The book book is is said said to to have have been been translated translated into into many many languages. languages. (复合谓语)(复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. post. (定语)(定语)

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