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1、SPACE INVADERSUnit 2Unit 2SPACE INVADERSUnit2Watch the video and answer the following questions.1.How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people? Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationMany view this apparently light-heart
2、ed tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.
3、3. What does this story tell us?Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2Audiovisual supplementCultural informationFrom Secret of Body LanguageVoiceover: But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak
4、 and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. Its all smiles for the cameras, but behind the faade of bonhomie, theres a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly explains that none of them will take any questions.Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and o
5、ffer no comments, so I have to set a good example. Voiceover: The body language then reveals just why that works.Expert A: Wow. Its almost a physical fight. Video Script1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationVoiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Bara
6、k were getting on well. Think again. Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the West, letting someone through the door first doesnt really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact. Expert B: The host, t
7、he power person, says, “Im in control. Ill help you through the door. Ill show you the way.” Arafat: Thank you. Thank you.Voiceover: Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of Video Script1Audiovisual supplementCultural information both Arafat
8、 and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts waggling his finger at Ba
9、rak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door.Expert B: So youve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with i
10、t. Video Script1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationSpace InvadersWhat does the text tell you? Invasion of personal space in public: pervasive phenomenon, causes, nature Personal space in China:Criteria, invasionInvasion of privacy:How do you define privacy?Whats in your category of privacy?Ho
11、w much do you reveal/show your privacy in cyberspace? Detailed reading5-QuesionPersonal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in TheDetailed re
12、adingHidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as falling into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 10 feet), and Public distance (10 or mor
13、e feet).” Personal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding others pers
14、onal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:Cultural information 1Audiovisual supplementCultural information people from cultures t
15、hat like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them; people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex; strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same fami
16、ly who know each other well; in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other. Cultural information 2Audiovisual supplementCultural informationStructural analysis In the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays there is a
17、more pervasive phenomenon of invasion of personal space than decades ago, and then he analyzes the causes of space invasion. The text can be divided into three parts. Part I (Paragraphs 1 2): The writer calls the readers attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how hi
18、s personal space was invaded.Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisPart II (Paragraphs 3 7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.Structural analysisRhetorical featuresStructura
19、l analysisPart III (Paragraphs 8 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.Rhetorical Features 1 A vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of
20、the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Rhetorical featuresStructural analysis a man started inching toward me (Paragraph 1) In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doo
21、rs close . (Paragraph 3) In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room . (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:Rhetorical Features 1Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of thos
22、e whose space is being invaded: I minutely advanced toward the woman in front of me . (Paragraph 1) who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white- haired lady ahead of him . (Paragraph 1)Rhetorical featuresStructural analysisPractice: Please find more examples to illustrate the authors careful choic
23、e of verbs.Detailed reading1Detailed readingSPACE INVADERS Richard Stengel 1 At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes when a man in a sweat-suit started inching toward me in his eagerness to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely
24、advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original
25、lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.Detailed reading2Detailed reading2 I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to each side, and about ten inches in back though it is nearly impossible to measure exactly how far behind you someone is
26、standing. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it (“Youre invading my space, man”), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border
27、 beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.Detailed reading33 Lately, Ive found that my personal space is being invaded more than ever before. In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging through the human
28、 traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, people are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.Detailed readingDetailed reading44 At firs
29、t, I attributed this tendency to the “population explosion” and the relentless Malthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as much space. Recently, Ive wondered if its the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (
30、or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan the number seems to double every three months is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.Detailed readingDetailed reading55 Personal space is mostly a public
31、matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. (Humanity wouldnt exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado. “Dont tread on me” could have been coined only by someone with a
32、spread. I would wager that people in the Northern Hemisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.Detailed readingDetailed reading
33、6-76 Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and dont leave a note, people no longer mutter “Excuse me” when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private d
34、omain.7 Ive also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shop
35、s and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.Detailed readingDetailed reading88 Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. I suspect that
36、the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neurosci
37、entists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our brains.Detailed readingDetailed reading99 In the same way that the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of perso
38、nal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down my neck.Detailed readingIs “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2)
39、Detailed reading2-Quesion“Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesnt mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that now it is impossible
40、for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.Detailed readingDo you agree with the writers view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8)Detailed reading8-QuesionYes, people in the prese
41、nt society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it. Detailed readingDetailed reading8
42、 ActivityGroup discussionsTopic A: Is personal space important to you? Why or why not? Topic B: According to your observation, does personal space vary in different places/relations/cultures? Give examples.Detailed readingsnake: v. move in a twisting wayDetailed reading1 snakee.g.The train was snaki
43、ng its way through the mountains.Detailed readingSynonym:meanderinch: v. move very slowly and carefullyDetailed reading1 inchDetailed readinge.g.Howard inched forward in the crowd. He inched his way through the narrow passage.我一点一点开车前进。我一点一点开车前进。I inched the car forward. Detailed reading1- in mild a
44、nnoyancein mild annoyance: with a little anger or impatience mild: a. not very great in degreee.g.We looked at each other in mild astonishment.Detailed readingSynonym:slightDetailed reading1- sidlesidle: v. walk in a timid manner, esp. sideways or obliquelyDetailed readinge.g.A man sidled up to me a
45、nd asked if I wanted a ticket for the match. Detailed reading1- scribblescribble: 1) v. write or draw (sth.) carelessly or hurriedly e.g.He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving. She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand. Throughout the interview, the journalists scribb
46、led away furiously. Detailed readingSynonym:scrawl2) n. U, sing. careless and untidy writinge.g. How do you expect me to read this scribble?Detailed reading1- shuffleshuffle: v. walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground Detailed readinge.g.He slipped on his shoes
47、 and shuffled out of the room. A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair. Collocations: shuffle sth. off: avoid talking or thinking about sth. because it is not considered importantshuffle out of sth.: try to avoid some unpleasant task by acting dishonestlye.g.He shuffled the question off and
48、 changed the topic.e.g.I mistrust the way in which they shuffle out of sustained efforts.Detailed reading1- SlinkySlinky: n. A Slinky (“机灵鬼”，一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具) is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Richard James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes
49、. They can “walk” down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step, the springs momentum causing it to spill end over end from one step to the next.Detailed readingDetailed reading2- ringring: n. a quality, or an impression of having the quality that is mentionede.g.H
50、er story had a ring of truth about it. The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.Detailed readinggratifying: a. giving pleasure or satisfaction Detailed reading2 gratifyinge.g.The new plan may be gratifying to the President. Detailed readingDerivations: gratify v.; gratification n.Detail
51、ed reading2penetrateDetailed readingpenetrate: v. succeed in forcing a way through (sth.) e.g.They penetrated into the territory where no man had ever gone before. The suns radiation penetrates the skin. Detailed reading3wedge The people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner. Open the door w
52、ide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.e.g.Detailed readingwedge: v. force into a narrow space; fix sth. in position by using a wedge or sth. elsePractice： 他把报纸塞进门下面的缝隙里，好让门保持敞开。他把报纸塞进门下面的缝隙里，好让门保持敞开。He wedged the newspaper into the crack beneath the door to keep the door open.Detailed reading3 zi
53、gzagDetailed readingzigzag:We zigzagged up the hill. The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.e.g.1) v. move forward by going at an angle first to one side, then to the other2) n. a line or pattern that looks like a series of letter Ws as it bends to the left and then to the right again The path descend
54、ed the hill in zigzags. e.g.3) a. only before nouna zigzag line/path/patterne.g.Detailed reading3 carve outDetailed readingcarve out: establish or create sth. through painstaking effortWith months of strenuous work, the artist carved out a flower of ivory.Years of failures and setbacks have taught h
55、im and carved out a career for him.e.g.Detailed reading3 pressDetailed readingpress: v. push, move, or make (ones way) strongly, esp. in a crowdHe pressed his way through the crowd. So many people pressed round the famous actress that she couldnt get to her car.e.g.Translation:人群挤在她身边，争着要她的签名。人群挤在她身
56、边，争着要她的签名。Crowds pressed round her, trying to get her autograph._Detailed reading4 infuseDetailed readinginfuse: v. fill or cause to be filled with sth.Her novels are infused with sadness.e.g.Collocations: infuse into/with: fill . with .e.g.He infused eagerness into the men.His speech infused the me
57、n with eagerness. The present science education needs an infusion of new ideas and energy.目前的科学教育需要注入新的思想和活力。目前的科学教育需要注入新的思想和活力。(infusion)Detailed reading4 keep to oneselfDetailed readingkeep to oneself: remain private; avoid meeting other peopleShe doesnt go out much; she likes to keep to herself.
58、e.g.Detailed reading5 Malthusian logicDetailed readingMalthusian logic: Thomas Robert Malthus (1766 1834), British economist and clergyman. In Essay on Population (1798) he argued that without the practice of “moral restraint” the population tends to increase at a greater rate than its means of subs
59、istence, unless war, famine, or disease intervenes or efforts are made to limit population.Detailed reading5 wagerDetailed readingwager: v. (a more formal term for) bet She wagered 50 on a horse.I had wagered a great deal of money that I would beat him.e.g.1) wager (sth.) (on sth.); wager sth./sb. t
60、hat : bet money on sth.2) wager (that): used to say that you are so confident that sth. is true or will happen that you would be willing to bet money on itIll wager that she knows more about it than shes saying.e.g.Detailed reading6 plowDetailed readingplow: v. force a way or make a track Spelling:
61、plow (American English) = plough (British English)e.g. 货车因为刹车失灵，猛地冲入了人群之中。货车因为刹车失灵，猛地冲入了人群之中。The vans brakes failed, and it plowed into a crowd of people.plow into: (esp. of a vehicle or its driver) crash violently into sth. esp. because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attentionA truck
62、 plowed into the back of the bus. She plowed her way through the waiting crowds.e.g.Detailed reading7 lamentlament: v. express regret or disappointment over sth. considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair e.g. In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside. Detailed readingSynonym
63、: bemoane.g.She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.Derivations:lamentable: a. very disappointing, regrettable lamentation: n. (formal) an expression of great sadness or disappointmentConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.5VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGramm
64、ar5) lament v. lamentable a. lamentably ad.e.g.全国降半旗，哀悼伟大领袖的逝世。全国降半旗，哀悼伟大领袖的逝世。这届政府的工作实在太令人痛心了。这届政府的工作实在太令人痛心了。他痛失赢得比赛的最后机会。他痛失赢得比赛的最后机会。The nation lowered its national flag to half-mast to lament the passing of its great leader.This governments performance is absolutely lamentable.He lamentably los
65、t the last chance to win the game.Detailed reading6-7 stake a claim toDetailed readingstake a claim to: make a claim tostake: v. be assertive in defining and defending a position or policye.g. He staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold. Detailed reading6-7 annexDetailed readingannex: v.
66、take control and possession of land, a small country, etc., esp. by force; take without permissionSynonym: occupye.g. Germany annexed Austria in 1938.There are examples of people occupying public squares and annexing the pavement next to their lands. Detailed reading8 be proportional toDetailed read
67、ingbe proportional to: increase or decrease at the same rate as the other thing increases or decreases, so that there is always the same relationship between the two thingsDerivation: proportion: n. the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. e.g. The output should be proportional
68、 to the input. As a rule suicide rates are proportional to the size of the city. e.g.The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width.Detailed reading8 self-absorptionDetailed readingself-absorption: the characteristic of thinking about things concerning oneself without noticing othe
69、r people or the things around himDerivation: self-absorbed a.Detailed reading1 some tired velvet rope some tired velvet rope (Paragraph 1)Explanation:Here, the word “tired” means “drooping, loosened or slackened”.Detailed readingDetailed reading1 until we were until we were all hugger-mugger against
70、 each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky. (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase: until we were all pushing against each other, leaving the line in disorder.Detailed readingDetailed reading2 The phrase The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it . (Paragrap
71、h 2)Paraphrase:The phrase “personal space” sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the seventies .Detailed readingDetailed reading4 . Ive wondered . Ive wondered if its the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less). (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:. it has passed through
72、my mind that maybe the cause (of the space invasion) is the season: summer may make people want to be closer to those whose physical attraction is revealed by light summer clothing (though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).Detailed read
73、ingDetailed reading4 Or perhaps Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves. (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:Or perhaps more and more anxious people are stimulated and excited by the caffe
74、ine they take in from the increasing number of coffee bars in Manhattan, so that they become more eager to meet others.Detailed readingDetailed reading5 we allow we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. (Humanity wouldnt exist without them.) (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase: privately we
75、 allow people with whom we have close relationships to enter our personal space in a variety of ways. (Indeed, in the absence of sexual intimacy, none of us would be here.) Detailed readingDetailed reading5 The logistics The logistics of it vary according to geography. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:People
76、 in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.Detailed readingDetailed reading5 “Dont tread on “Dont tread on me” could have been coined only by someone with a spread. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:“Dont step into my space.” This could only have been invented by people who have a farm
77、and thus a large space all their own. Detailed readingDetailed reading6 The decline of The decline of manners has been widely lamented. (Paragraph 6)Paraphrase:Many have expressed regret at the deterioration of manners.Detailed readingDetailed reading7 Ive also noticed Ive also noticed an increase i
78、n the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. (Paragraph 7)Paraphrase:Ive also noticed that the problem of space invasion has become more and more serious, and that space invaders, acting in the way territori
79、al expansionists usually do, take it for granted that they have the right to seize public space. Detailed readingDetailed reading6-7 . individuals routinely . individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes. (Paragraph 7) Paraphrase:It is quite common that one pe
80、rson occupies the booths and a set of facing seats which are designed for four people.Detailed readingDetailed reading8 personal space personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. (Paragraph 8)Paraphrase:. personal space is mor
81、e a psychological matter than a physical one. As far as we feel comfortable in our mind, it does not matter whether our physical personal space is large or small. Detailed readingDetailed reading9 In the same In the same way that the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan may eventually produce a t
82、idal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. (Paragraph 9)Paraphrase:The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space, while small in itself, will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze
83、 from a butterflys wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.Detailed readingConsolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainPhrase practice Word derivationSynonym / AntonymVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarConsolid
84、ation Activities-Phrase practice 11) Women tend to their success external causes such as assistance from friends.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarattribute2) My job is to challenge, but not threaten them. So I must be careful not to their toes.tread on _3) A young
85、lady and her little son were seriously injured when a car them on a crossing.plowed into _to_Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a word or phrase from the text in its appropriate form.Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 14) Loss of weight the rate at which the disease is progressing.Voca
86、bularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar5) In contemporary society, most farmers have bank managers in order to secure their finance balance.is proportional to _breathing down their necks _Consolidation Activities- attribute to VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral acti
87、vitiesWritingGrammare.g.吉姆将自己的成功归功于努力的工作。吉姆将自己的成功归功于努力的工作。Jim attributes his success to hard work. attribute to : believe sth. to be the result of Consolidation Activities- tread on VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammare.g. 我如果直接和她导师谈的话，会不会冒犯她？我如果直接和她导师谈的话，会不会冒犯她？Would
88、 I be treading on her toes if I talk directly to her supervisor?tread on (sb.s toes): offend or annoy sb., esp. by getting involved in sth. that is their responsibilityConsolidation Activities- plow intoVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammare.g. 货车因为刹车失灵，猛地冲入了人群之中。货车因为刹
89、车失灵，猛地冲入了人群之中。The vans brakes failed, and it plowed into a crowd of people.plow into: (esp. of a vehicle or its driver) crash violently into sth. esp. because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attentionConsolidation Activities- be proportional toVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOra
90、l activitiesWritingGrammare.g.在那个公司，你的报酬与你的经验年限直接成正比。在那个公司，你的报酬与你的经验年限直接成正比。In that company, your salary is directly proportional to your years of experience.be proportional to: increase or decrease at the same rate as the other thing increases or decreases, so that there is always the same relation
91、ship between the two things Consolidation Activities- breathe down sb.s neckVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammare.g.你老是盯着我，让我无法正常工作。你老是盯着我，让我无法正常工作。I cant work properly with you breathing down my neck.breathe down sb.s neck: (informal) watch closely what sb. is doing
92、in a way that makes them feel anxious and/or annoyedConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.1VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar1) annoyance n. annoy v. annoying a. e.g.他无法掩饰自己被打断后的恼怒。他无法掩饰自己被打断后的恼怒。一想到我们已经浪费了那么多时间，我便很懊恼。一想到我们已经浪费了那么多时间，我便很懊恼。他不停地打断我们，实在是太烦人了。他不停
93、地打断我们，实在是太烦人了。He could not conceal his annoyance at being interrupted.It annoyed me to think how much time we had wasted.It was annoying that he kept interrupting us. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar2) intuitive a. intu
94、itively ad. intuition n. e.g.他好像凭直觉就知道我的感受他好像凭直觉就知道我的感受。凭直觉，她知道他在撒谎。凭直觉，她知道他在撒谎。我的直觉告诉我，他这个人不能信赖。我的直觉告诉我，他这个人不能信赖。He seems to have an intuitive knowledge of how I am feeling.Intuitively, she knew that he was lying.My intuition told me that he was not to be trusted.Consolidation Activities- Word deri
95、vation 1.3VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar3) relentless a. relentlessly ad. relent v.e.g. 每个人都被她对完美的不懈追求打动了。每个人都被她对完美的不懈追求打动了。已已经经有有三三个个月月没没有有下下雨雨了了，可可太太阳阳还还在在残残酷酷无无情情地地照照耀着。耀着。起起初初她她威威胁胁要要解解雇雇我我们们所所有有的的人人，可可后后来来她她的的态态度度软软化了。化了。Everyone was moved by her relentless
96、 pursuit of perfection.It has been three months since it rained last time, but the sun still shines relentlessly.At first she threatened to dismiss us all, but later she relented.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.4VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar4) proli
97、feration n. proliferate v. e.g. 国际社会应该携起手来，一起防止核武器扩散。国际社会应该携起手来，一起防止核武器扩散。二十世纪八十年代，电脑公司的数量激增。二十世纪八十年代，电脑公司的数量激增。The international community should work together to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.During the 1980s, computer companies proliferated.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation
98、 1.5VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar5) lament v. lamentable a. lamentably ad.e.g.全国降半旗，哀悼伟大领袖的逝世。全国降半旗，哀悼伟大领袖的逝世。这届政府的工作实在太令人痛心了。这届政府的工作实在太令人痛心了。他痛失赢得比赛的最后机会。他痛失赢得比赛的最后机会。The nation lowered its national flag to half-mast to lament the passing of its great leader.T
99、his governments performance is absolutely lamentable.He lamentably lost the last chance to win the game.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.6VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar6) expand v. expansion n. expansive a.e.g.水结冰时会膨胀。水结冰时会膨胀。新工厂很大，具有未来扩充的空间。新工厂很大，具有未
100、来扩充的空间。喝了几杯酒以后，她显然变得更加放松和健谈起来。喝了几杯酒以后，她显然变得更加放松和健谈起来。Water expands when it freezes.The new factory is large, allowing room for expansion in the future.After a few drinks, she became clearly relaxed and in an expansive mood.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.7VocabularyTranslation Integrated
101、 skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar7) routinely a. routine n. e.g.进入大楼的来访者照例要被检查。进入大楼的来访者照例要被检查。要想保持健康，就要将锻炼身体作为每日常规。要想保持健康，就要将锻炼身体作为每日常规。Visitors are routinely checked as they enter the building.To keep fit, make exercise a part of your daily routine.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.8Vo
102、cabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar8) shrink v. shrinkage n. e.g.羊毛制品在热水中洗涤会收缩。羊毛制品在热水中洗涤会收缩。今年劳工人数进一步减少。今年劳工人数进一步减少。Washing wool in hot water will shrink it.This year sees a further shrinkage in the size of the work force.Consolidation Activities- Translation11. 那只鸽子被
103、卡在树杈里，不多一会儿就跌落下来。那只鸽子被卡在树杈里，不多一会儿就跌落下来。(wedge)If you wedge sth./sb. in sth. else, you put or squeeze the thing or the person tightly into a narrow space, so that it or he cannot move easily.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingTranslate the following sentences into Eng
104、lish.The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and it fell after a while. Consolidation Activities- Translation2Practice： 他把报纸塞进门下面的缝隙里，好让门保持敞开。他把报纸塞进门下面的缝隙里，好让门保持敞开。她把自己塞进座位里。她把自己塞进座位里。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarHe wedged the newspaper into the crack ben
105、eath the door to keep the door open.She wedged herself into the seat.Consolidation Activities- Translation32. 你只有伏在地上慢慢爬过一条狭长的地道才能进入山洞。你只有伏在地上慢慢爬过一条狭长的地道才能进入山洞。(inch)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarIf sth. inches towards a direction, it moves slowly and carefully
106、in a particular direction.You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on your stomach.Consolidation Activities- Translation4Practice： 她向前移动，缓缓靠近大门。她向前移动，缓缓靠近大门。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarShe moved forward, inching towards the gate. 我一点一点开车前
107、进。我一点一点开车前进。I inched the car forward. Consolidation Activities- Translation53. 他尽力向我解释说不是因为我工作不好而解雇我，而是他尽力向我解释说不是因为我工作不好而解雇我，而是因为公司面临着财政困境因为公司面临着财政困境。(take pains to)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarIf you take pains to do sth., you put a lot of effort into doing it
108、.He took pains to explain to me that I was not being dismissed because I didnt do my work well but because the company was confronted by financial troubles.Consolidation Activities- Translation6Practice：为了严守计划不被发现，这对夫妻煞费苦心。为了严守计划不被发现，这对夫妻煞费苦心。政府努力在那个地区维持和平。政府努力在那个地区维持和平。VocabularyTranslation Integra
109、ted skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarThe couple took great pains to keep their plans secret.The government takes pains to keep peace in that region.Consolidation Activities- Translation74. 年轻士兵的入伍给军队带来了新的希望并鼓舞了士气。年轻士兵的入伍给军队带来了新的希望并鼓舞了士气。(infuse . into .)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral
110、activitiesWritingGrammarIf you infuse sth. (e.g. quality) into sth. else, you fill the latter with the former.The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.The present science education needs an infusion of new ideas and energy.Consolidation Activities- Translation8Vocab
111、ularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarPractice： 他的演说使听众充满了信心和勇气。他的演说使听众充满了信心和勇气。目前的科学教育需要注入新的思想和活力。目前的科学教育需要注入新的思想和活力。(infusion)His speech infused confidence and courage into the listeners.Consolidation Activities- Translation95. 跟在她身后的人让她心神不安，她不由得加快了脚步。跟在她身后的人让她心神不安，她不由得加快了
112、脚步。(make sb. uneasy)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarIf you make sb. uneasy, you make him or her worried or unhappy.The man following her made her uneasy and she couldnt help quickening her steps.Leaving the children with them made her uneasy.Consolidation Activiti
113、es- Translation10VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarPractice： 想起考试越来越近，他就很担心。想起考试越来越近，他就很担心。把孩子留给他们，她感到很不安心。把孩子留给他们，她感到很不安心。It made him uneasy to think about the oncoming exam. 在一些文化中，空间感觉的一个重要方面体现于人们所需要的彼此感觉舒适却又不觉得拥挤的“私人空间”。例如， 北美人彼此感觉舒适所需的空间距离大约是4英尺。而阿拉伯人和拉美人反而是彼此靠
114、近才会感觉舒服。因此，不同文化的人可能会无意间侵犯彼此的空间感。正如不同的时间观可能会造成文化冲突，不同的空间观也会引发同样的问题。 Body language is the unspoken communication / that goes on in every face-to-face encounter with another human being. / It tells you their true feelings towards you / and how well your words are being received. / Between 60 80% of our
115、 message / is communicated through our body language, / only 7 10% is attributable to the actual words of a conversation. Your ability to read and understand another persons body language / can mean the difference / between making a great impression/ or a very bad one! / It could help you in a job i
116、nterview, / at a meeting, / or for a special date!Consolidation Activities- DictationVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammarDictation Consolidation Activities- DictationVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar Every one of us / has experienced
117、 the feeling of an instant like / or dislike of someone / but without necessarily knowing why. / We just werent happy, / there was something about them. / We often refer to this as a hunch or gut feelings, / two descriptions directly relating to our own bodys physiological reaction. public space, ex
118、pansionist, breathe down my neck, spread, tread, stake a claim, elbow room, trespass, aggressive, stick to, leave room, good manners, mutual respectGiving a talkTopic A: My Experience in the Railway StationTopic B: Respecting Personal Space in the Public Space My Opinion on PrivacyConsolidation Acti
119、vities- Oral activities1VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar crowds, long queues, swarm, packed, anxious, push, bump into, fidgety, tread, wedge, annoy, jump the queue, cry hugger-mugger, mess, shove, glareWords and phrases for reference:Words and phrases for referenc
120、e:The concept of personal space varies with the culture, either nationally or locally, and the population (dense versus sparse), opinions about intimacy, customs, etc., can all exert an impact on peoples behavior concerning personal space. Social factors, such as the interpersonal relationship, gend
121、er, age, etc., can also affect personal space. Viewpoints for reference:Consolidation Activities- Having a discussionHaving a discussionTopic A: A Comparison between Chinese and Americans in Terms of Personal SpaceTopic B: A Comparison of Personal Space in Different Parts of ChinaTopic C: What Influences Personal Space?VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingGrammar个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论
