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1、大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社阅读教程（基础篇阅读教程（基础篇2 2）（第四版）（第四版）世纪商务英语世纪商务英语 主编：王洗薇主编：王洗薇大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Unit Four L大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Leadership Do you want to be a leader? What elements does a good leader possess?Therere different styles of leadership.
2、Achieving a rare marriage of personal style and corporate culture at Disney, Michael D. Eisnir is a perfect leader forthe Walt Disney Company. Apart from the topic of leadership, youll learn a reading techniqueskimming, which allows you to understand the main idea of an article quickly.大连理工大学出版社大连理工
3、大学出版社Career DevelopmentReading Skill FocusWords and ExpressionsPractical ReadingComprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSkimming (1)What is skimming? Skimming is used to quickly identify the main idea of a text. It is a reading technique that can help you to: Read more quickly; Dec
4、ide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusHow is“skimming”differe
5、nt from“scanning”? The term skimming is often confused with scanning. Remember: Skimming is used to obtain the gist (the overall sense) of a piece of text. For example use skimming to get the gist of a page of a textbook to decide whether it is useful and should therefore be read more slowly and in
6、more detail.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Scanning is used to obtain specific information from a piece of text. For example, use scanning to find a particular number in a telephone directory. Sometimes you can use both reading methods. After you have skimmed a piece of text to decide whether
7、 the text is of interest, you may wish to use scanning techniques to locate specific information.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Skimming requires very speedy reading, without paying any attention to details, or the unknown words. As the objective of skimming is to identify quickly the main po
8、ints in the material, it is often not necessary to understand everything in the material. Sometimes several words or phrases can imply the topic of a piece of text.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusHow do you skim read? As mentioned above, skimming is a reading method used to get the general idea
9、s of reading material without reading all of it. When skimming, you go through the passage quickly in order to get the gist of it, to know how it is organized, or to get an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer without paying any attention to details or the unknown words.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社
10、Reading Skill Focus Dont read the whole text word-for-word. Use as many clues as possible to give you some background information. There might be pictures or images related to the topic, or an eye-catching title. Let your eyes skim over the surface of the text whilst thinking about any clues you hav
11、e found about the subject, look out for key words.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The following tips are useful while skimming.1.Read the title, subtitles and subheading to find 2. out what the text is about.2. Look at the illustrations to give you further information about the topic.3. Read t
12、he first and last sentence of each paragraph.4. Dont read every word or every sentence. Let your eyes skim over the text, taking in key words. This is the first part of Skimming. Youll learn more about this technique in Unit 5.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusAGuided PracticeSample 1 Questions 1
13、-2 are based on the following paragraph. Read the paragraph quickly, and then select the answer which you think is correct. Every second, 1 hectare of the worlds rainforest is destroyed. Thats equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year that adds
14、 up to 31 million hectaresmore than the land area of Poland.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus This alarming rate of destruction hasserious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In B
15、ritish Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut,大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, ta
16、xes for the government and cheapproducts of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus1.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Scientists are worried about New York City.B. Logging is destroying the rainforests.C. Governme
17、nts make money from logging.D. Salmon are an endangered species.2. How many species of salmon have become extinct in BC?A. 27 B. 31 C. 137 D. 142( )B( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus 第1 题是主旨大意题，通常可以通过skimming 的方法解答。第2 题是查找具体的信息，通过scanning便可找到答案。 第1 行和第8 行的划线文字对于回答第1 题十分重要。这两个部分让我们知道了世界雨林受到毁坏
18、；尽管logging 有这样和那样的好处,但logging 却是毁林的原因。整个段落的main idea是选项B，即Logging is destroying the rainforests。 第5行和第6、7行的划线部分为第2题提供了答案。很显然选项D是正确的大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 2 Much of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. Accordingto the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association
19、, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agricult
20、uralists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Canadian forests are especially under threat.B. Hemp is a kind of plant.C. Canada is a major supplier of paper and pulp.D. Canada produces a lot of hemp.通过快速阅读，我们知道段落的第通过快速
21、阅读，我们知道段落的第1 句和第句和第3 句是本句是本段说明的两方面的问题。从四个选项来看，段说明的两方面的问题。从四个选项来看，B 和和C 都都只是本段的部分内容，而只是本段的部分内容，而D 项在本段并未提及，只有项在本段并未提及，只有A 能够概括出本段的大意能够概括出本段的大意大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusB. Challenge Yourself Read the following passages quickly，and choose the best answer to the questions that follow.Challeng
22、e 1 British and American scientists，drilling into the floor of the South Atlantic, have found the last piece of a great continental jigsaw puzzle, it was announced Thursday. It is the final piece of evidence that South America and Africa were once part of the vast super-continent, Gondwanaland, alon
23、g with Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThe main idea of this paragraph is_.A.The drilling was done by British and B. American scientists.B. The jigsaw puzzle was announced on Thursday.C. Gondwanaland had been a vast super-continent.D. Missing piece of the
24、continental puzzle has been found.( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusChallenge 2 Most people feel lonely sometimes but it usually lasts only between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people,though, loneliness can last y
25、ears.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon in an attempt to better understand long-term loneliness. These researchers have already identified three different types of loneliness.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The first kind of loneliness is t
26、emporary. This is the most common type. It usuallydisappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Readin
27、g Skill Focus Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. Situational loneliness is easy to understand and to predict.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The third kind is the most severe. Unlike
28、the second type, chronic (慢性的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to impro
29、ve their condition.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a persons social contacts, i.e. friends, family members, coworkers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However, psychologists have found that the number of soc
30、ial contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more.大连理工大学出版社大连理
31、工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Most researchers agree that the loneliest people are between the ages of 18 and 25. They found that more than 50 percent of the college freshmen were situationally lonely at the beginning of the semester, but had adjusted after a few months. Thirteen percent were still lone
32、ly after seven months due to shyness and fear.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus They felt very uncomfortable meeting newpeople，even though they understood that their fear was not rational. The situationally lonelyfreshmen overcame their loneliness by making new friends, but the chronically lonel
33、y peopleremained unhappy because they were afraid to do so.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons.First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize. Secondly, researchers have found a connection between chroni
34、c loneliness and serious illnesses such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of man, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusWhat is the main idea of this passage?A. There are t
35、hree different kinds of loneliness.B. Chronic loneliness is the most severe kind.C. Researchers want to cure loneliness.D. There is some difference between being alone and being lonely.C( )大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusChallenge 3 Important Differences Between MEMOS and ESSAYS Before you begi
36、n to write your first memo, it is important to understand the differences between writing memos and writing essays. A few of the most important distinctions appearin the table below.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingMEMOESSAYAudienceA particular personAmbiguousFormatIntro, specific points, summ
37、ary.Goal: provide informationIntro, thesis, evidence,conclusion.Goal: prove a pointIntroductionList-like, straightforwardAbstract summary, broadBody of the writing projectA series of short discussions followed by a summary.A series of paragraphs ofincreasingly finer detailfollowed by a conclusion.Tr
38、ansitionsDirect, straightforward language.Subheadings serve as transitions.Link ideas of previous paragraph with next paragraphs centralpoint.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus As the table makes clear, a memo is very unlike the essays you write for other classes,and it is important that you appr
39、eciate the difference in style. A memo exists for a veryspecific purpose: to convey information to a colleague. Keep this in mind as you work andyou wont go wrong.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThe passage is mainly about_.A. the importance of memo writingB. specific purpose of a memoC. a few
40、important distinctions between memos and essaysD. the importance of understanding the differences between writing memos and writing essays( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingText ALeadershipWhat Makes a Good LeaderSuggested Reading Time: 7 min 1. It goes without saying that good leadership is
41、 crucial to any successful business. But, what makes a good leader and how can someone develop himself or herself into being a good leader if they are not one to begin with?译文译文 毋庸置疑，良好的领导力是企业发展成败的关键。然而，对于毋庸置疑，良好的领导力是企业发展成败的关键。然而，对于那些最初并不具有良好素质的领导者来说，要想成为一名优秀那些最初并不具有良好素质的领导者来说，要想成为一名优秀的领导者应具备哪些特质，以及
42、如何将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者应具备哪些特质，以及如何将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者？的领导者？ 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading The answer is that there are many factors that contribute to good leadership. And, whether someone is naturally a good leader or not,anyone can become a good leader.译文译文 出色的领导者需要具备一些基本的特质。但是，无出色的领导者需要具备一些基本的特质
43、。但是，无论你是否天生拥有这些特质，你都有机会将自己塑论你是否天生拥有这些特质，你都有机会将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者造成为一名优秀的领导者 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingGet Talking 2. One of those factors of good leadership is communication. Communication is one of the most key elements of leadership. Goodcommunication skills need to be learned to effectiv
44、ely become a good leader or manager. 译文译文 善于沟通是领导者所需具备的特质之一。沟通力是体现善于沟通是领导者所需具备的特质之一。沟通力是体现领导力的重要因素之一。要想成为一名出色的领导者或领导力的重要因素之一。要想成为一名出色的领导者或经理人，你需要通过学习有效地培养良好的沟通能力经理人，你需要通过学习有效地培养良好的沟通能力 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading When communication occurs, as a leader, you will be able to accurately conv
45、ey your ideas and thoughts to those who work for you. In fact, simply being able to convey these things in the first place,much less accurately, puts you in the right direction for leadership.译文译文 如果你是一名领导者，在你与你的员工进行通时，你要够准确如果你是一名领导者，在你与你的员工进行通时，你要够准确地表达自己的观点和想法。事实上，正因为最初的你不能如此地表达自己的观点和想法。事实上，正因为最初的
46、你不能如此准确地表达自己的观点和想法，才促使你为了今后能够成为一准确地表达自己的观点和想法，才促使你为了今后能够成为一名优秀的领导者而朝着这个目标不断地努力名优秀的领导者而朝着这个目标不断地努力 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading If employees have no idea what is on your mind, your leadership is going to falter. Employees are not typically minded readers.译文译文 如果你的员工未能充分领悟你的意图，这说明你还如果你的员工未能
47、充分领悟你的意图，这说明你还并不具备良好的领导力，因为员工是不可能完全猜并不具备良好的领导力，因为员工是不可能完全猜透你的心思的透你的心思的 falter 蹒跚，踉跄大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 3. If there is a problem a certain employee is experiencing, good communication can filter the problem out. You, as a leader, can dissect the problem and offer solutions in vari
48、ous ways.译文译文 当某一名员工遇到困难时，作为领导者的你能当某一名员工遇到困难时，作为领导者的你能够通过沟通找出问题，对问题进行细致的分析，够通过沟通找出问题，对问题进行细致的分析，并通过各种途径提出解决方案并通过各种途径提出解决方案 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 4 . Ideas that are given to employees work both ways, as well. Employees can give helpful feedback and generate new ideas to you that hel
49、p the company as well, when good communication is present.译文译文 当领导者给予其员工意见或者建议时，双方都可当领导者给予其员工意见或者建议时，双方都可以从中受益。如果沟通顺畅，员工会针对你的意以从中受益。如果沟通顺畅，员工会针对你的意见和建议给出有益的反馈；而反馈意见有助与你见和建议给出有益的反馈；而反馈意见有助与你对公司将来的发展提出新的设想对公司将来的发展提出新的设想 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingGet Things Moving 5 . Motivation is another
50、 variable that plays into good leadership. Employees tend to stagnate when motivation decreasesand it will decrease, without proper motivation.译文译文 懂得如何有效地激励员工是体现领导力的另一个重懂得如何有效地激励员工是体现领导力的另一个重要因素。当领导者减少对其员工的激励，并没有采要因素。当领导者减少对其员工的激励，并没有采取有效的激励措施时，你的员工会逐渐丧失工作热取有效的激励措施时，你的员工会逐渐丧失工作热情并且变得停滞不前情并且变得停滞不前 s
51、tagnate (使)停滞不前；(使)不流动大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Many leaders try to motivate the old-fashioned waythrough fear. (Do what I say or something bad will happen.) This is not advisable, since it tends to only deliver short-term results and cause even less competent work in the long run, due
52、 to resentment resulting from the fear tactics.译文译文 多数领导者试图通过威胁以激活早已过时的管理方式。（例多数领导者试图通过威胁以激活早已过时的管理方式。（例如，像如，像“按照我说的去做，不然后果自负按照我说的去做，不然后果自负”之类的话之类的话)。这是。这是绝对不可取的，因为这种做法只能在短期内奏效。由于受到绝对不可取的，因为这种做法只能在短期内奏效。由于受到威胁，员工在内心会慢慢地滋生出怨恨。长远来看，这种做威胁，员工在内心会慢慢地滋生出怨恨。长远来看，这种做法甚至会降低员工的工作质量法甚至会降低员工的工作质量 resentment 怨恨,
53、 愤恨大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 6. Instead, try adding challenges for employees. A fresh challenge always adds excitement and spawns creativity. Challenge your employees with tasks that may be slightly out of their range and let them work at it! This increases motivation.译文译文 相反，领导者应试图使其员
54、工面对更多的挑战。新的挑相反，领导者应试图使其员工面对更多的挑战。新的挑战能够让员工变得兴奋，从而激发他们的创造力。通过战能够让员工变得兴奋，从而激发他们的创造力。通过分配给员工一些在程度上稍微超出其能力范围的工作任分配给员工一些在程度上稍微超出其能力范围的工作任务，领导者可以激发员工的工作热情，而使其员工乐此务，领导者可以激发员工的工作热情，而使其员工乐此不疲。这样，员工的工作积极性就会逐渐地被调动起来不疲。这样，员工的工作积极性就会逐渐地被调动起来 spawn 产生, 使出生大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 7. If they run int
55、o a snag, guide them towards a solution but dont offer the actual solution outright. Coach them into discovering the solutionthemselves. Once they have, their self-esteem will rise, thereby raising their motivation level.self-esteem 自尊,自尊心,自负,自大译文译文 如果员工遇到了棘手的问题，领导者不应完全代替员工如果员工遇到了棘手的问题，领导者不应完全代替员工解决
56、问题，而应引导员工自己解决遇到的困难。领导者解决问题，而应引导员工自己解决遇到的困难。领导者应教会员工如何找出解决办法。一旦员工通过自己的努应教会员工如何找出解决办法。一旦员工通过自己的努力排除了障碍，员工的自尊心会在很大程度上得到提升。力排除了障碍，员工的自尊心会在很大程度上得到提升。从而大大地提高员工对工作的热情从而大大地提高员工对工作的热情 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTwo Heads are Better than One 8. Teamwork is always something to consider when strivin
57、g to become a good leader. This means not only teaching your employees to work together but becoming part of the team yourself.译文译文 在努力将自己塑造成一名出色的领导者的过程中，在努力将自己塑造成一名出色的领导者的过程中，领导者要始终注重团队合作。领导者不仅要教导员领导者要始终注重团队合作。领导者不仅要教导员工如何更好地进行团队合作，而且也要让自己成为工如何更好地进行团队合作，而且也要让自己成为整个团队中的一员整个团队中的一员 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社C
58、omprehensive Reading 9 . Use others potential. Many times, employees potential is wasted. A good leader recognizes that his or her employees are more than just employeesthey are people too.译文译文 发挥他人的潜能。员工的潜能可能会常常被领导发挥他人的潜能。员工的潜能可能会常常被领导者忽略。一名优秀的领导者应认识到自己的员工者忽略。一名优秀的领导者应认识到自己的员工不仅仅只是公司的员工，他们也和常人一样不仅仅
59、只是公司的员工，他们也和常人一样 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading These people have lives outside ofwork where they have to make decisions on a daily basis, from how to deal with house payments, to car bills, to raising children, to uncountable tasks in everyday lives.译文译文 在工作以外的生活里，他们每天也要做出各种决策，例在工作以外的生活里，他
60、们每天也要做出各种决策，例如，如何支付住房、支付汽车费用、如何养育孩子、以如，如何支付住房、支付汽车费用、如何养育孩子、以及如何处理日常生活中大大小小琐事及如何处理日常生活中大大小小琐事 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Yet, at work, their decision making skills are not trusted enough to choose what type of toner needs to be ordered for a set of printers.toner 碳粉译文译文 尽管如此，在工作中，甚至连订购打
61、印机墨粉尽管如此，在工作中，甚至连订购打印机墨粉的小事，也不相信员工能做出正确的决定的小事，也不相信员工能做出正确的决定 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 10 .The point here is that employees need to be trusted to do more. A good leader doesnt manage every single detail. Use otherspotential to your benefit. You will find that you have become a better l
62、eader for it.译文译文 关键在于员工需要获得领导者的信任才能完成更多的任务。关键在于员工需要获得领导者的信任才能完成更多的任务。一名优秀的领导者无须事无巨细地做出决定。领导者应懂一名优秀的领导者无须事无巨细地做出决定。领导者应懂得发挥他人的潜能帮助自己完成每项工作，这样，你会发得发挥他人的潜能帮助自己完成每项工作，这样，你会发现你自己因此而成为了一名更加出色的领导者现你自己因此而成为了一名更加出色的领导者 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 1 At the very beginning of this unit, youve l
63、earned skimming techniques for the main idea of the text. Read the title, the first sentences and the capital letters of Text A and fill in the blanks by skimming. Surely, you can finish them in no more than 5 minutes.1. _is crucial to a successful business.2. _, _and _are the factors contributing t
64、o a good leadership.( )Good leadership Communication ( )motivation ( )( )teamwork 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 2 Choose the best answer for each of the following statementsaccording to Text A.1.The word“dissect”(Para. 3, Line 2) is the closest in meaning to _.A. avoid B. raise C. disc
65、lose D. analyze( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading2. What shall a leader do in order to motivate employees? A.Fear tactics should be taken when employees B. refuse to obey.B. A good leader helps employees to learn to come up with their own solutions.C. A good leader offers solutions rapidly
66、whenever employees get into trouble.D. A good leader encourages employees to face new challenges that are beyond their capacity.( )B大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading3. The word“competent”(Para. 5, Line 6) is the closest in meaning to _.A.complete B. effective C. feasible D. unskillful4. The wo
67、rd“snag”(Para. 7, Line 1) most probably means _.A. project B. accident C. problem D. advantage( )B( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading5. Teamwork means the leader should _A.coach the employees to get along well with B. each otherB. choose the right employees to form a teamC. watch carefully i
68、f the employees are working togetherD. work with the team as well as teach the employees to work together( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading6. Which is NOT suggested for a good leader to do? _A. Arrange work in every single detail.B. Have faith in employees decision making skills.C. Learn to
69、 make good use of employees potential.D. Teach employees to cooperate with one another at work.( )A大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 3 The followings are practical questions for you to think deeply. After learning Text A, youve known what leadership is and what factors lead to good leaders
70、hip. Please discuss these questions with your classmates.1. If you are one of the leaders in your class, what challenges do you experience? How doyou solve them?2. Besides what have been mentioned in the text, what other factors do you think contribute to good leadership?3. Do you agree with the opi
71、nion that“Anyone can become a good leader”? Why?大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 4Word Formation LearningRoot (5) In Text A, you may read some of the following roots and examples that follow. Please pay close attention to them before conducting the tasks assigned to you.RootsMeaningExampl
72、escedceedcessto go行走；前进precede v. 在先；优于proceed v. 继续进行，前进recess n. 休息；隐居crecreasto make, to grow生长；产生create v. 创造；增长recreation n. 娱乐，消遣citto quote, to call引用；唤起cite n. 引用，引证recite v. 背诵recital n.背诵；独奏大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingMore examples are as follows.exceed 超越intercede 调停，仲裁recede 撤
73、回，交还antecedent 先行的，以前的accessible 能接近的，可进去的inaccessible 难以接近的succession 接连发生successive 连续的success 成功，胜利process 过程access 接近；入口ancestor 祖先，祖宗concession 让步；退位procreate 繁殖，生产procreative 有生殖力的crescent 新月；新月状的decrescent 渐小的；下弦的concretion 凝结；结石excite 使兴奋，刺激incite 鼓励incitation 激动大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensi
74、ve Reading Now youre supposed to form new words by filling in the blanks according to the examples given above.1.( pre前+ced+ent) _ in Chinese: _2. ( ante 前+cede) _ in Chinese: _3. ( pro 在前+ced+ure) _ in Chinese: _4. ( suc 随后+ceed) _in Chinese: _precedent ( )先例先例,惯例惯例 ( )antecede 先行先行,先于先于 ( )procedu
75、re 程序程序,手续手续 ( )succeed 成功成功,继续继续 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading5. ( re回+cess+ion) _ in Chinese: _6. ( cre+ate+ive ) _ in Chinese: _7. ( re 再+cre+ate) _in Chinese: _8. ( cre+ate+ure) _ in Chinese: _( )recession 撤退撤退,交还交还,走回走回去去( )creative 有创造性的有创造性的 ( )recreate 休养休养;再造再造 ( )creature 生物生物;创造
76、物创造物 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading9. ( con 共同+crete) _in Chinese: _10. ( ex 出+cite) _ in Chinese: _11. (re+sus在下面+cit+ate) _ in Chinese: _.12. ( cit+ation) _ in Chinese: _( )concrete 具体的具体的;混凝土混凝土 ( )excite 使兴奋，刺激使兴奋，刺激 ( )resuscitate 复活；恢复复活；恢复 ( )citation 引用，引证引用，引证 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Com
77、prehensive Reading Read Text A again, locate the words in the text that contain one of the above-mentioned roots, and tell the meaning of each word.13. cess_(Para. 1, Line 2)14. creas_(Para. 5, Line 3)_(Para. 6, Line 4)15. cre_(Para. 6, Line 2)16. cit_(Para. 6, Line 2)successfuldecrease increases cr
78、eativity excitement大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingText BLeadership in Disney LandSuggested Reading Time: 5.5 min.1 . The Walt Disney Company already has Mickey and Minnie, Donald and Goofy Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The company also has the worlds most popular theme parks and a piece o
79、f the imagination of everyone who has been a child in America. What more could the Walt Disney Company need?theme park 主题公园大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文沃尔特沃尔特迪斯尼公司已经拥有了米老鼠和唐老迪斯尼公司已经拥有了米老鼠和唐老鸭，白雪公主和七个小矮人。该公司还拥有世鸭，白雪公主和七个小矮人。该公司还拥有世界上最受欢迎的主题公园以及任何一个在美国界上最受欢迎的主题公园以及任何一个在美国长大的孩子的一段想象。那沃尔特长
80、大的孩子的一段想象。那沃尔特迪斯尼公迪斯尼公司还需要什么呢？司还需要什么呢？ 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 2 . The answer is leadership. The Walt Disney Company in the early 1980s was suffering from the leadership vacuum due to the death of its founder Walt Disney in 1966.Leadership vacuum 领导真空那就是领导者。由于沃尔特那就是领导者。由于沃尔特迪斯尼公司
81、的迪斯尼公司的创始人沃尔特创始人沃尔特迪斯尼于迪斯尼于1966年去世，该公年去世，该公司在司在20世纪世纪80年代初出现了领导空缺的局面年代初出现了领导空缺的局面 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 The companys great movies were all fifteenor twenty years old, it ranked far down the list of profitable movie-makers and despite a surge of public interest in“family values”
82、, the company seemed unable to use its family-fun image.公司的优秀影片都已是公司的优秀影片都已是15或或20年前生产的，公司年前生产的，公司在赢利的制片商排行榜上处于相当后的位置。尽管在赢利的制片商排行榜上处于相当后的位置。尽管公众对公众对“家庭价值观家庭价值观”表现出极大的热情，但是该表现出极大的热情，但是该公司似乎无力发展它的家庭娱乐形象公司似乎无力发展它的家庭娱乐形象 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 3. The Walt Disney Company finally foun
83、d a leader in 1984:Michael D. Eisner, who left Paramount Pictures to take over as Disneyschairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO).沃尔特沃尔特迪斯尼公司终于在迪斯尼公司终于在1984年找到了一个领年找到了一个领导者导者迈克尔迈克尔埃斯纳，他离开派拉蒙电影公埃斯纳，他离开派拉蒙电影公司接任迪斯尼总裁和首席执行官的位子司接任迪斯尼总裁和首席执行官的位子 Paramount Pictures派拉蒙电影公司大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive
84、Reading译文译文 Eisners ability to improve the companys image rivals that of Walt Disney himself. Eisner now introduces the companys Sunday night show, as Walt Disney used to do,surrounding himself with animated characters.埃斯纳维护公司形象的能力可与沃尔特埃斯纳维护公司形象的能力可与沃尔特迪斯尼相媲迪斯尼相媲美。他重新推出了公司周日晚的表演节目，正如沃尔美。他重新推出了公司周日晚的
85、表演节目，正如沃尔特特迪斯尼过去的那样，让卡通人物围绕在自己的周迪斯尼过去的那样，让卡通人物围绕在自己的周围围 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 Eisners commitments to his familyhis wife Jane and three sonsoccasionally make him late for board meetings, but show that Eisner has the right priorities for Disney. To complement his own sometimes wi
86、ld imagination, Eisner has revised the companys imaginersa group of highly talented animators.由于埃斯纳对家庭（妻子简和三个儿子由于埃斯纳对家庭（妻子简和三个儿子)非常尽责，开董事会非常尽责，开董事会的时候，偶尔他会迟到，但却显示了他对迪斯尼的优先选择的时候，偶尔他会迟到，但却显示了他对迪斯尼的优先选择是恰到好处的。为了完善他自己的想象（有时是极为夸张的是恰到好处的。为了完善他自己的想象（有时是极为夸张的)，埃斯纳改组了公司的形象设计者，埃斯纳改组了公司的形象设计者极富才华的漫画家团极富才华的漫画家团
87、队队 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 As does any good leader, Eisner finds ways to make the most of his companys assets.He has raised admission prices at Disneyland and Disney World and has revised the companys classics for the home-video market.正如任何一个优秀领导者所做的那样，埃斯纳正如任何一个优秀领导者所做的那样，埃斯纳想方设法
88、充分地发挥了公司的资产。他提高了想方设法充分地发挥了公司的资产。他提高了迪斯尼乐园和迪斯尼世界的入场费，修改了公迪斯尼乐园和迪斯尼世界的入场费，修改了公司的经典著作以满足家庭录像市场的需求司的经典著作以满足家庭录像市场的需求 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 4. Eisner gets paid well for his work; he earns as much as $40 million a year in salary, bonuses, and stock profits. The companys profits are equal
89、ly staggering; however, net profits have more than tripled since Eisner took over and Walt Disney Pictures and Television is now battlingParamount for the position as Hollywoods top studio.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文埃斯纳薪水丰厚，每年的工资、奖金加股利共计埃斯纳薪水丰厚，每年的工资、奖金加股利共计4000万美元。公司的利润同样令人吃惊，自从埃斯纳接
90、管万美元。公司的利润同样令人吃惊，自从埃斯纳接管公司以来，净利润增至原来的公司以来，净利润增至原来的3倍多，迪斯尼影视正倍多，迪斯尼影视正与派拉蒙争夺好莱坞制片的头把交椅与派拉蒙争夺好莱坞制片的头把交椅 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Eisners leadership style, family-man image and sometimes wacky ideas (now he wants an aircraft carrier at Disney World) might not make him a popular CEO at th
91、e other American companies, but Eisner seems to have achieved a raremarriage of personal style and corporate culture at Disney. Moreover,Americans love it.wacky 古怪的大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文埃斯纳的领导风格，居家男人形象和有时古怪的想埃斯纳的领导风格，居家男人形象和有时古怪的想法（他想在迪斯尼世界安放一艘航空母舰法（他想在迪斯尼世界安放一艘航空母舰)可能不可能不会让他在美国
92、的其他公司成为受欢迎的首席执行官，会让他在美国的其他公司成为受欢迎的首席执行官，但看起来他已经成功地把个人风格和迪斯尼的企业但看起来他已经成功地把个人风格和迪斯尼的企业文化很好地结合起来了，而且美国人非常喜欢这种文化很好地结合起来了，而且美国人非常喜欢这种结合结合 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 5 . Michael Eisner appears to be a perfect leader for the Walt Disney Company, where he can turn his imagination and values
93、 into profit.However, he might not last a week in a company that wanted a traditional disciplined leader with eyes fixed on the next quarters profits.迈克尔迈克尔埃斯纳是沃尔特埃斯纳是沃尔特迪斯尼公司理想的领导者，他迪斯尼公司理想的领导者，他能够把自己的想象力和价值观变成利润。然而，如果在一能够把自己的想象力和价值观变成利润。然而，如果在一家需要传统型领导的公司，领导要紧紧盯住下一季度利润，家需要传统型领导的公司，领导要紧紧盯住下一季度利润，那么
94、他可能连一个星期都做不了那么他可能连一个星期都做不了 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading译文译文 Some leaders are successful wherever they go; others spend years trying to find the right organization. A change in leadership can totally change some organizations and make no difference at others.有些领导者无论在哪儿都会成功，而有些有些领导者无论在哪儿都会成
95、功，而有些则需花几年的时间去寻找适合他的公司。则需花几年的时间去寻找适合他的公司。领导可以完全改变一些公司，而对另一些领导可以完全改变一些公司，而对另一些公司却不起作用公司却不起作用 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 6. These apparent contradictions make the study of leadership important to anyone who wants to become a good manager. Research has yet to isolate one style of leadershi
96、p that will work in all places and times,but studies have identified some variables that affect leadership effectiveness.译文译文对于任何想成为一名优秀经理的人而言，这些显而易见的矛对于任何想成为一名优秀经理的人而言，这些显而易见的矛盾使领导学研究变得很重要。研究显示还不能挑选出一种适盾使领导学研究变得很重要。研究显示还不能挑选出一种适合所有场所和时间的领导风格，但是研究结果已经确定了一合所有场所和时间的领导风格，但是研究结果已经确定了一些影响领导有效性的可变要素些影响领导有
97、效性的可变要素 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Management and leadership are not the same thing. Managers derive authority from their organizational position; leaders get much of their power from the less formal interplay of social influences.译文译文管理和领导并不是一回事。经理从组织职管理和领导并不是一回事。经理从组织职位上获得权力；而领导者的权力大多
98、来自位上获得权力；而领导者的权力大多来自非正式的各种相互影响的社会因素非正式的各种相互影响的社会因素 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Although it is possible to be a manager without being a very good leader ,good managers know how to use leadership to manage employees more effectively.译文译文一名经理未必是一名优秀的领导，但优秀的一名经理未必是一名优秀的领导，但优秀的经理知道如何运用领导能力有效地
99、管理员工经理知道如何运用领导能力有效地管理员工 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 5 Choose the best answer for each of the following statementsaccording to Text B.1. The Walt Disney Company would need _ besides many famous images such as Mickey and Minnie and Donald and Goofy, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.A. c
100、apital B. theme parksC. leadership D. nothing( )C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading2. Why did the Walt Disney Company suffer from the leadership vacuum?A. Because the former leader in the company quit.B. The founder of the company Walt Disney passed away.C. The leader of the company was not abl
101、e to do the job well.D. Because the company was operated so well that it didnt need a leader at all.( )B大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading3. During the early 1980s, the Walt Disney Company _.A. was left behind by the profitable film-makersB. could make much profitC. was on the top position on t
102、he list of profitable film-makersD. was able to use its family-fun image( )A大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading4. It can be concluded from the text that _.A.Eisner is a perfect leader, so he can be a successful leader in any companyB.B. not all leaders are successful wherever they goC. a change
103、in leadership can totally change an organizationD. Eisner is a successful leader in Walt Disney because all the employees in the company like him( )B大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading5. Which of the following statements is true about management and leadership?A. Being a good manager is the same
104、 as being a good leader.B. Managersauthority comes from their social influences.C. One style of effective leadership can work well in all places and times.D. Good leadership skills are important for a manager to be effective( )D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 6 Careful and thoughtful rea
105、ders always think about what they are reading, trying to interpret, explain and understand the ideas presented in the reading passage. Read Paragraph 3,4 and 5 in Text B carefully and answer the question below. What aspects indicate that Eisner is a perfectleader for the Walt Disney Company?These po
106、ints show that hes the perfect leader for the company. 1. To introduce the companys Sunday night show to promote its family-fun image 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 2. Eisner finds ways to make good use of his companys assets, so that net profits have more than tripled since Eisner took ove
107、r and Walt Disney Pictures and Television is now battling Paramount for the position as Hollywoods top studio. 3. He can turn his imagination and values into profit, achieving a rare marriage of personal style and corporate culture at Disney 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 7Word Formatio
108、n LearningRoot (6) In Text B, you may read some of the following roots and examples that follow. Please pay close attention to them before conducting the tasks assigned to you.RootsMeaningExamplesanimlife，spirit生命，精神animal n. 动物animate a. 使有生气，活泼longanimity n. 坚韧不拔mountto ascend登上mount n. 山丘v. 登上mou
109、ntain n. 山surmount v. 克服（困难等）大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingHere are more examples.animation 生动；动画pusillanimous 胆小的,胆怯的animosity 憎恨,憎恶unanimity 一致,同意mountainous 多山的;巨大的mounted 骑马的dismount 下车，下马大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Now youre supposed to form new words by filling in the blan
110、ks according to the examples given above.1. （un共同animous） _, in Chinese: _.2. （magn 大animous） _, in Chinese: _.3. （equ 平等animity） _, in Chinese: _.( )unanimous 意见一致的 ( )magnanimous 心胸博大的 ( )equanimity 平静,沉着 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading4. （in 不anim+ate） _, in Chinese: _.5. （in+sur+mount 克服
111、+able） _, in Chinese: _.6. （re 再+mount） _, in Chinese: _.( )inanimate 无生命的 ( )insurmountable 难克服的 ( )remount 重新登上大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Now, read Text B carefully, locate the words in the text that contain one of the above-mentioned roots, and tell the meaning of each word.7. anim_(
112、Para. 3, Line 6)_(Para. 3, Line 10)animated,活生生的, 活泼的, 动的, 愉快的 animators 漫画家 8. mount_(Para. 3, Line 2)Paramount 极为重要的 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingLeadership StylesThere are three major styles of leadership Authoritarian or Autocratic Participative or Democratic Delegative or Free Reign大连理工大学
113、出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical Reading Although good leaders use all three styles, with one of them normally dominant, bad leaders tend to stick with one style.Authoritarian (autocratic)大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingI want both of you to. . .This style is used when
114、 leaders tell their employees what they want done and how they want it accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. Some of the appropriate conditions to use it is when you have all the information to solve the problem, you are short on time, and your employees are well motivated.大连理
115、工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingParticipative (democratic)大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingLets work together to solve this. . .This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the
116、 final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingDelegative (free reign)大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingYou two take care of the problem while I go. . .In this style, t
117、he leader allows the employees to make the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. You cannot do everything! You must set priorities and de
118、legate certain tasks大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical ReadingTask 8 Skim the figures, the pictures, and the first or last sentence of the explanations under each picture and answer the following questions.1.Which style of leadership gets task done without the advice of their followers?2. Which style of le
119、adership works better if employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it?Authoritarian (autocratic)Delegative (free reign)大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Practical Reading3. Which style of leadership involves one or more employees in the decision making process?Par
120、ticipative (democratic) 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and ExpressionsText Aaccurately ad. 正确地, 精确地coach v.训练, 指导n.教练crucial a. 至关重要的, 极重要的convey v. 传达, 搬运dissect v. 把解剖(动植物等)切开仔细研究snag n. 障碍, 意外的困难v. 阻碍spawn v. 产生, 使出生stagnate v. (使)停滞不前；(使)不流动self-esteem n. 自尊, 自尊心；自负, 自大strive v. 努力, 奋斗大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版
121、社Words and Expressionsfilter v. 过滤, 渗透falter v. 蹒跚，踉跄potential n. 潜能, 潜力a. 潜在的, 可能的resentment n. 怨恨, 愤恨tactic n. 策略，手段，谋略toner n. 碳粉variable n.变数, 变量a. 可变的, 不定的contribute to 捐献, 贡献, 促成的因素大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and ExpressionsText Basset n. 资产; 有用的东西apparent a. 显然的, 外观上的authority n. 权威, 威信bonus n. 奖
122、金, 红利commitment n. 许诺, 承担义务complement v. 补足，补充priority n. 优先,优先权,需优先考虑的事revise v. 修订, 校订rival n. 竞争者, 对手v. 竞争, 对抗surge n. 汹涌,澎湃,(感情的)起伏,高涨stagger v. 摇晃, 蹒跚studio n. 画室，工作室大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and Expressionsdiscipline v. 使服从权威n. 纪律，命令interplay v. 相互影响isolate v. 使孤立, 使隔离，分开leadership vacuum 领导真空Paramount Pictures 派拉蒙电影公司talent n. 天才, 才干, 才能triple v. 三倍于, 增至三倍wacky a. 古怪的aircraft carrier 航空母舰derive from 得自, 由来, 衍生theme park 主题公园大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Words and ExpressionsPractical Readingauthoritarian a.独裁的, 独裁主义的autocratic a.独裁的, 专制的democratic a.民主的dominant a. 占优势的, 支配的reign v. 统治;盛行n. 统治时期;支配
