初中英语教学大纲

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1、初中英语教学大纲 初中英语教学大纲九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（ 试用修订版）中华人民共和国教育部制订 教 学 目 的教学目标与要求 教 学 内 容教学中应该注意的几个问题 教学评价一、教学目的当今世界， 以信息技术为主要标志的科技进步日新月异。社会生活的信息化和经济活动的全球化使外语， 特别是英语，日益成为我国对外开放和与各国交往的重要工具。学习和掌握一门外语是 对21世纪公民的基本要求之一。义务教育阶段的英语课程应贯彻德、智、体全面发展的方针，面向现代化， 面向世界， 面向未来， 以培养学生创新精神和实践能力为重点， 全面推进素质教育。通过英语课程对学生进行思想情感教育， 使学生

2、了解并尊重其他国家和民族的优秀文化传统，更好地理解并热爰中华民族的优秀文化传统； 发展学生积极主动思维的能力， 扩展他们的文化科学知识， 丰富他们的文化生活经历 ， 提高他们的思想品德修养， 使他们能够适应我国社会、经济、科技发展和国际交往的需要。英语课程应面向全体学生， 力求为每个学生的充分发展创造条件， 为学生的终身学习打下基础。为指导全国义务教育全日制初级中学的英语教学， 特制定本大纲。本大纲是课程实施, 教学评价和教材编写的主要依据。义务教育阶段英语课程的目的是激发和培养学生的学习兴趣，帮助学生树立自信心， 养成良好的学习习惯， 发展自主学习的能力 ， 形成有效的学习策略 吏学生掌握一

3、定的语言基本知识和基本 技 能 ， 建立初步的语感， 获得初步运用英语的能力， 为真实交际打下基础； 开发智力， 培养观察、记忆、思维、想象和创造能力 ； 了解文化差异， 培养爰国主义精神， 增强世界意识 吏学生初步形成健全的人格， 为学生的可持续发展打下良好的基础。二、教学目标与要求义务教育结束时， 学生应能从口头和书面材料中获取所需信息能就熟悉的话题用英语与老师和同学进行简单的口笔头交流,能对事物进行简单的描述并作出自己的判断。学生应对课内外英语活动具有积极的态度， 能克服在英语学习中产生的畏惧心理和困 难 ， 能根据自己的情况， 合理安排和计划自己的学习， 在学习中发挥自主意识和创新精神

4、。学生应具有一定的跨文化交际的意识 ， 对异国文化采取尊重和包容的态度。根 据 九年义务教育全日制小学、 初级中学课程计划 的规定,初中英语按不同情况分两级要求， 从一年级起学习两年的， 为一级 要 求 ； 学三或四年的， 为二级要求。每周课时为4课时。（ 一 ） 一级目标与要求听1 .能听懂课堂用语， 并作出相应的反应。2 .能基本听懂教师用所学语言叙述课文内容的概要。3 .能听懂语速为每分钟100个词左右， 与学生生活贴近的、基本没有生词的语言材料， 获取所需信息。说1 .能就课文内容进行简单问答。2 .能在日常交际中运用所学过的 日常交际用语简表中的内容， 就熟悉的话题进行简单的对话。读

5、1 .能预习课文， 初步理解课文大意。2 .能独立阅读生词率不超过2%的所学语言知识范围内的文字材料， 阅读速度为每分钟40 -5 0个词。3 .能初步借助词典阅读理解难度相当于课文的文字材料，获取所需信息， 并从阅读中获得乐趣。写1 .能用书写体熟练、清楚地书写， 大小写、词距、标点等运用正确、规范。2 .能听写用学过的课文组成的材料， 听三遍， 书写速度每分钟分别为68个词。3 .能笔头回答就课文内容提出的问题。语音1 .能运用基本的拼读规则读出单音节词和部分双音节词。2 .能按国际音标正确地读出单词。3 .能连贯地朗读学过的课文， 语调、节奏和语音基本正确。词汇1 .能运用基本拼读规则拼

6、写单词。2 .能掌握450个左右最常用单词，100条左右习惯用语及固定搭配， 能够在口笔头交流活动中运用。语法1 .能基本掌握所学单词的形态变化。2 .能掌握简单句的基本句型， 并能积极运用所学的语言形式进行简单的口头和书面的表达， 在书面表达中力求表述形式基本正确。（ 二 ） 二级目标与要求听1 .能听懂课堂用语， 并作出相应的反应。2 .能听懂教师用所学语言叙述课文内容及背景。3 .能在听题材熟悉的语言材料时， 克服生词的障碍， 理解语篇大意。4 .能听懂语速为每分钟120个词左右， 与学生生活贴近的、基本没有生字的语言材料， 获取所需信息。5 .能听懂广播、电视、录音、录像中与本学段水平

7、相当的英语有声语言材料， 泛听总量不低于40小时。说1 .能就课文内容进行问答， 并能复述课文大意。2 .能就熟悉的题材， 利用图片、录像、多媒体等情景提示，根据要求进行表述和表达。3 .能讲述与本学段水平相当的小故事并参与简单的模拟和角色扮演的活动。4 .能在日常交际中运用 日常交际用语简表中所列内容，就熟悉的话题进行交流。读1 .能预习课文， 初步理解课文大意。2 .能独立阅读生词率不超过3 %的题材熟悉的文章， 理解语篇大 意 ， 获取有关信息。阅读速度为每分钟5070个词。3 .能理解日常生活中的内容简单的书信、通知、说明等应用性文字材料， 并能理解和解释图表所提供的简单信息。4 .能

8、借助词典阅读理解难度相当于课文的文字材料， 获取所需信息， 并从阅读中获得乐趣。5 .除教材外， 课外阅读量应不低于10万字。写1 .能用书写体熟练、清楚地书写， 大小写、词距、标点等运用正确、规范。2 .能听写与课文有关、结构简单、没有生词的材料， 听三遍,书写速度为每分钟1012个词。3 .能笔头回答就课文内容提出的问题。4 .能仿照学过的题材或话题， 利用所给的范例写简单的书信、便条、通知等； 能按要求笔头转述所听、所读的简单内容。5 .能为图片提供简单的文字说明并能表达自己的观点。语音1 .能熟练地运用基本的拼读规则读出单音节和双音节词。2 .能按国际音标正确地读出单词。3 .能正确、

9、连贯、流畅地朗读课文或略浅于课文的文段。4 .在口头表达中， 语调、节奏自然， 语音基本正确。词汇1 .能熟练地运用基本拼读规则拼写单词。2 .能根据所学的构词法判断和记忆派生词和合成词的词义和词类。3 .能掌握800个左右单词,200条左右习惯用语及固定搭配,能够在口笔头交际活动中运用。此 外 ， 还要求扩大400500个左右的认读词汇。语法1 .能正确理解附表里所列语言形式的意义和功能。2 .能积极运用语法项目表中要求掌握的语言形式进行口头和书面的表述与交流， 在书面表达中力求表述形式基本正确。3 .能初步运用表示并列、因果、转折等逻辑关系和相关标志词等基本语篇知识获取和处理信息。三、教学

10、内容为了达到上述的教学目标与要求， 初中阶段教授下列几方面的内 容 ：（ 一 ）日 常 交 际 用 语 （ 见附表一）（ 二 ） 语 音 （ 见附表二）（ 三 ） 词 汇 （ 见附表三）（ 四 ） 语 法 （ 见附表四）（ 五 ） 话 题 （ 见附表五）四、教学中应该注意的几个问题（ - ） 树立符合素质教育精神的英语教育观英语教学应以学生的发展为宗旨， 以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点， 使学生获得适应学习化社会所需要的英语基础知识和基本技能； 在教学过程中， 教师要注意通过为学生提供内容健康、情趣高尚的语言材料和设计尽量真实的语言情境， 对学生进行思想品德教育， 培养学生的思维能力，

11、发展学生用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力， 培养学生良好的英语学习心理素质和终身学习的能力。帮助学生理解和尊重其他国家的文化， 引导学生热爱和弘扬祖国文化； 发展学生健全的人格； 培养学生的合作精神和社会公德意识。（ 二 ） 体现学生的主体地位， 发挥教师的指导作用在教学过程中， 要始终体现学生的主体地位， 教师应充分发挥学生在学习过程中的主动性和积极性， 激发学生的学习兴趣， 营造宽松、和谐的学习氛围， 使学生敢于开口， 乐于实践； 对学生的点滴进步要及时给予鼓励， 使他们树立自信心， 获得成就感；对学生在口语表达过程中出现的语言错误， 要根据教学活动的目的和错误的类型， 采取相应的解决办法，

12、 不要有错必纠。要尊重学生的个体差异， 对有特殊需要的学生， 教师应给予必要的指导和 帮 助 ； 要帮助学生摸索适合自己的学习方法， 了解和掌握记忆的 规 律 ， 养成良好的学习习惯， 培养学生自主学习的能力。（ 三 ） 突出语言的实践性， 注重培养学生综合运用英语的能力在英语教学中应适当扩大听和读的输入量， 通过大量的语言实践 活 动 ， 切实提高学生综合运用英语的能力。教师要设法结合学生的年龄特点和生活实际， 创设丰富的交际活动情景， 增强语言实践的真实感， 鼓励学生积极、主动地参与语言实践活动和创造性使用语言的尝试， 促进学生言语技能的发展， 进而逐步获得综合运用语言知识和语言技能进行交

13、际的能力。在时间分配上教师要控制讲授的比例， 讲授的时间一般不应超过课时的30%。（ 四 ） 尽量使用英语， 适当利用母语为了使学生的英语与客观事物建立直接联系， 提高英语教学的效 果 ， 在英语教学中要尽量使用英语。初学阶段， 尽量采用直观教具和表演等方法， 促使学生直接理解英语。随着学生英语知识的增长和运用英语能力的提高， 更应使用英语进行教学。教师所使用的英语要适合学生的实际水平， 要利用学生已学的英语来解释或表达新的教学内容。这样做也是向学生提供活用英语的真实教学情景。对于用学过的英语不能解释清楚的教学内容， 可以适当地利用母语。在备课中， 为了确定教学的重点和难点， 教师可采用英语同

14、母语对比的方法。但 是 ， 在课堂教学中不宜过多地进行英汉对比。（ 五 ） 积极开展课外活动， 发展学生语言学习兴趣课外活动是培养和发展学生语言运用能力的重要途径， 有利于增长知识， 开阔视野， 发展特长。课外活动应以发展学生的学习兴 趣 ， 扩展语言实践的深度和广度， 培养学生的学习能力和语言综合应用能力为目的， 提倡重在参与， 培养合作精神。课外活动应有计划、有组织地进行， 应根据学生的年龄特征、采取多种活动 形 式 ， 生动活泼地开展。活动的形式可包括： 朗诵、唱歌、演剧、英语角、英语班会、读书会、故事会、书法比赛、影视欣赏、知识竞猜以及国际交流等。教师应积极鼓励学生结合本地条件，自主地

15、、有创造性地组织课外活动， 并在活动中给予必要指导和帮助。课外活动不应加重学生的课业负担。（ 六 ） 充分利用现代化教育资源， 开拓学习渠道充分利用图书馆、语言实验室、音像设备及资料等校内现有资源 ， 有条件的学校应配备电视机、录像机、计算机、CD、VCD、DVD机等电教设备， 设置视听室、多媒体教室。要积极利用现代教育技术， 创造性地开发软件。要借助广播电视、英语报刊杂志等社会媒体， 为发展学生自主学习的能力创造条件。鼓励学生利用网络和远程英语教学节目进行自主学习， 增加英语教学的开放性。五、教学评价对学生英语学习的评价应根据本大纲所规定的教学目标以及学生的实际水平， 由教师和学生相互配合、

16、协作完成。应对学生在学习过程中所表现的情感、态度和学习策略， 掌握基础知识、基本技能和运用英语的能力， 以及表现出的发展潜能等， 进行全面综合性的评价。对学生学习的评价应坚持形成性评价和终结性评价并重的原则 ， 既关注结果， 又关注过程。形成性评价的结果在学生的学业评价中应占一定比例。应重视形成性评价对学生英语语言学习的激励作用。教师要通过考查、观察和与学生的交流， 对学生的书面作业、口头问答、演讲、朗诵等课内外学习行为和学生的学习能力、学习态度、参与程度、合作精神等作出评价。形成性评价还应包括学生相互评价和学生自我评价等方式。对学生的学习情感、习惯和态度等方面的评价， 应采用宽松、开放式的描

17、述性评价形式。 评价要有益于树立学生的自信心， 培养学生的学习能力,形成学生继续进步的动力。终结性评价的方式应指包括听力、口试等在内的期中、期末考试等。 考试是评价的重要手段和形式。 考试形式要包括听力测试、笔试和口试。听力测试在学期、学年考试、中考、会考中所占比例应不少于20%。 听力测试应着重检测学生理解和获取信息的能力 ， 不应把脱离语境的单纯辨音题作为考试内容。笔试应取消单纯语音知识题； 减少单纯语法知识题并降低语法笔试的难度； 增加具有语境的应用型试题； 适当减少客观题、 增加主观题的比例。要积极创造条件， 将口试列入学期、学年考试项目。考试应按照本大纲所规定的教学目标命题， 要提高

18、命题的科学性和质量， 应侧重对学生实际运用英语能力的考查。高中入学考试应以本大纲规定的二级教学要求为基本标准。初中英语要求掌握的1600词汇表a (an) art.ability n.able adj.about prep.above prep.abroad adv.accept v.accident n.according to prep.achieve v.across prep.act n. & v.action n.activity n.add v.address n.advantage n.advertisement n.advice n.advise v.afraid adj.af

19、ter adv., prep & conj.afternoon n.again adv.against prep.age n.ago adv.agree v.agreement n.air n.airlineairplane n.airport n.album n.all adj. & pron.allow v.almost adv.alone adj.along adv. & prepaloud adv.already adv.also adv.although conj.always adv.America / the USAAmerican adj.among prep,and conj

20、.angry adj.animal n.another adj. & pron.answer n. & v.ant n.any pron. & adj.anybody pron.anyone pron.anything pron.anyway adv.anywhere adv.appear v.apple n.April n.areaarm n.army n.around prep.arrive v.art n.article n.as adv., conj & prepAsia nAsian a & n.ask v.asleep adj.at prep.Atlantic Ocean n.at

21、tention n.August n.aunt n.Australia n.autumn n.available adj.avoid n.awake v.away adv.Bbaby n.back adv. & n.background n.bad ( worse, worst) abadly adv.bag n.ball n.balloon n.bamboo n.banana n.bank n.baseball n.basic adj.basket n.basketball n.bathroom n.be (is,am,are) v.beach n.bear n.beat v. & n.be

22、autiful adj.because conj.become v.bed n.bedroom n.bee n.beef n.before prep. adv. & conj.begin (began, begun) v.beginning n.behind prep.believebell n.below prep.beside prepbesides prep. & adv.betweenPpbeyond prep.big adj.bike = bicycle nbill n.bird n.birth n.birthday n.biscuit n.bit n.bitter adj.blac

23、k adj. & n.blackboard n.blind adj.blood n.blow (blew, blown) v.blue n. & adj.board n.boat n.body n.book n.bookshop n.boring adj.born adj.borrow v.boss n.both pron. & adj.bottle n.bottom n.bowl n.box n.boy n.brain n.brave adj.bread n.break (broke, broken) n. & v.breakfast n.breathe v.bridge n.bright

24、adj.bring (brought, brought) v.brother n.brown n. & adj.brush v. & n.build (built, built) v.building n.burn (burnt, burnt) v.bus n.business n.busy adj.but conj.butter n.butterfly n.buy (bought, bought) vby prep,bye-bye interj.Ccabbage n.cake n.call v.camel n.camera n.camp n. & v.can n. & modal vCana

25、da n.candle n.candy n.cap n.capital n.captain n.car n.card n.care v.careful adj.careless adj.carry v.cat n.catch (caught, caught)cause n. & v.CD n.CD-ROMceiling n.celebrate v.cent n.centre n.century n.certain adj.certainly adv.chair n.chairman/woman n.chalk n.chance n.change v.chant n. & v.cheap adj

26、.cheat v.check n. & v.cheer n. & v.cheese n.chemistry n.chess n.chest n.chick n.chicken n.child (pl. children) n.China n.Chinese adj.& n.chocolate n.choice n.choose (chose, chosen) v.chopsticks n.Christmas n.church n.cinema n.circle n. & v.city n.clap v. & n.class n.classmate n.classroom n.clean adj

27、. & v.clear adj.clearly adv.clever adj.climb v.clock n.clone v.close v. & adj.clothes n.cloud n.cloudy adj.club n.coach n.coal n.coast n.coat n.coffee n.coin n.coke n.cold adj. & n.collect v.college n.colour n. &e (came, come) fortable mon munication pany pare petition plete adj. & position puter n.

28、concert n.condition n.conference n.connect v.consider v.context n.continue v.contract n.control v.conversation n.cook v. & n.cooker n.cool adj.copy n. & v.corner n.correct v. & adj.cost v.cotton n. & adj.coughcould modal v.count v.country ncountryside n.couple n.courage n.course n.cousin n.cover n.

29、& v.cow n.crayon n.crazy adj.create v.cross v. & n.cruelcry n. & v.culture n.cup n.cut (cut, cut) v. & n.Ddad (daddy) n.daily adj. adv. & n.dance v. & n.danger n.dangerous n.dare v. & aux.dark adj. & n.date n.daughter n.day n.dead adj.deaf adj.deal v.dear adj.death n.December n.decide v.decision n.d

30、eep adj. & adv.degree n.delicious adj.dentist n.depend v.describe v.desk n.develop v.development n.dialogue n.diary n.dictionary n.die v.difference n.different adj.difficult adj.difficulty n.dig (dug, dug) v.dinner n.direct adj. & v.direction n.director n.dirty adj.discover n.discovery n.discuss v.d

31、iscussion n.disease n.dish n.disturb v.divide v.do (did, done) vdoctor n.dog n.doll n.dollar n.door n.double adj. & n.doubt n. & v.down adv. & prep.downstairs adv.dozen n.draw v.drawer n.drawing n.dream v. & n.dress n. &v.drink v. & n.drive (drove, driven) v.driver n.drop v.drum n.dry v. & adj.duck

32、n.dumpling n.during prep.duty n.DVD nEeach adj. & pronear n.early adj. & adv.earth n.easily adv.east n.& adj.easy adj.eatedge n.education n.effort n.egg n.eight num.either adj. conj & adelder n.electric adj.elephant n.eleven numelse adj. & adv.E-mail n.empty adj.enable v.encourage v.end n. & v.enemy

33、 n.energy n.engineer n.England n.English n. & adj.enjoy v.enough adj. adv. & n.ensure n.enter v.eraser n.especially adv.Europe n.European n.even adv.evening n.ever adv.every adj.everybody pron.everyday adj.everyone pron.everything pron.everywhere adv.exactly adv.exam =examinationexamine v.example n.

34、excellent adj.except prep,excite v.excited adj.exciting adj.excuse n. & v.exercise v. & n.expect v.expensive adj.experience n.experiment n.explain v.n.explanation n.express v.eye n.Fface n. & v.fact n.factor n.factory n.fail v.fair n.fall (fell, fallen) v.family n.famous adj.fan n.fantastic adj.far

35、(farther; farthest /further, furthest) adj. & adv.farm n.farmer n.fast adj. & adv.fat adj.father n.favourite adj. & n.fear n.February n.feed (fed, fed) v.feel (felt, felt) v.feeling n.festival n.fetch v.fever n.few pron. & afield n.fifth num.fifty num.fight (fought, fought) v. & n.fill v.film n.fina

36、l adj.finally adv.find (found, found) v.fine adj.finger n.finish v.fire n.first num, adj. & adv.fish n.fisherman n.fit adj. & v.five num.fix v.flag n.flat n.floor n.flower n.flu n.fly v. & n.follow v.following adj.food n.foot (feet) n.football n.for prep.force v.foreign adj.foreigner n.forest n.forg

37、et v.fork n.form n.forward adv.four num.fox n.free adj.freeze (froze, frozen)fresh adj.Friday n.fridge n.friend n.friendly adj.frog n.from prep.front adj. & n.fruit n.full adj.fun n.funny adj.future n.Ggame n.garden n.gate n.general adj.generally advgeography n.gesture n.get (got, got) v.gift n.gira

38、ffe n.girl n.give (gave, given) v.glad adj.glass n.glove n.go v.goat n.god n.gold n. & adj.golden adj.good ( better, best) adj.goodbye (bye-bye) inter.goose (pl geese) n.government n.grade n.grammar n.grandchildgranddaughter n.grandfather/grandpa n.grandmother/grandma n.grandparent n.grandparent n.g

39、randson n.granny n.grass n.grape n.great adj.green adj.greet v.ground n.group n.grow (grew, grown) v.guard n.guess v.guest n.guitar n.gun n.gym = gymnasium n.Hhabit n.hair n.half adj. & n.hall n.ham n.hamburger n.hand n.handbag n.handsome adj.handwriting n.hang (hung, hung) v.happen v.happy adj.hard

40、 adv. & adj.hardly adv.hat n.hate v. & n.have ( has, had, had) v.he pron.head n.headache n.health n.healthy adj.hear (heard, heard) v.heart n.heat n.heavenheavy adj.height n.hello (hi) interj.help v.helpful adj.hen n.her pron.here adv.hero n.herself pron.hide (hid, hidden) v.high adj.hill n.him pron

41、.himself pron.his pron.history n.hit (hit, hit) v.hobby n.hold (held, held) v.hole n.holiday n.home n. & adv.homesick adj.homework n.honest adj.honour n. & v.hope n. & v.horse n.hospital n.hot adj.hotdog n.hotel n.hour n.house n.housework n.how adv.however adv. & conj.huge adj.hundred num.hungry adj

42、.hurry v.hurt (hurt,hurt) v.husband n.II pron.ice n.ice cream n.idea n.if conjill adj.illness n.imagine v.immediately adv.important adj.impossible adj.improve v.in prep,inch n.include vincrease v.& n.indeed adj.India n.industry n.influence n.information n.ink n.inside prep,insist v.instead adv.instr

43、uction n.intend v.interest n.interested adj.interesting adj.international n.Internet n.interview n. &v.into prepintroduce v.introduction n.invent v.invention n.invite v.iron n.&v.island n.it prop,its pron.itself pron.Jjacket n.January n.Japan n.Japanese n.jeans n.job n.join v.joke n.joy n.juicen.Jul

44、y n.jump v.June n.just adj. & adv.Kkeep (kept, kept) v.key n.keyboard n.kick v. & n.kid n.kill v. & n.kilogram /kilo n.kilometre n.kind n. & adj.king n.kiss n. & v.kitchen n.kite n.knee n.knife (pl knives) n.knock v. & n.know(knew, known) v.knowledge n.lab = laboratory n.labour n.lady n.lake n.lamb

45、n.lamp n.land n. & v.language n.large adj.last adj. & vlate adj. & adv.later adv.laugh n. & v.law n.lay (laid, laid) v.lazy adj.lead (led, led) v.leader n.leaf (pl. leaves) n.learn (learnt, learnt) v.east n.eave (left, left) v.eft adj. & n.eg n.emonade n.end (lent, lent)ess adj.esson n.et (let, let)

46、 v.etter n.evel n.ibrarian n.ibrary n.ie n. & v.ife n.ift v.ight adj.& n.ike v.ine n.ion n.ist n.isten v.little adj.litter v. & n.live v.lively adj.lock n. & v.London n.lonely adj.long adj.look v.lose (lost, lost) v.lot n.loud adj.love v. & n.lovely adj.low adj. & adv.luck n.luckily adv.lucky adj.lu

47、nch n.Mmachine n.mad adj.madam/madame n.magazine n.magic adj.mail n.main adj.make (made, made) v.man (pl. men) n.manage v.manager n.many ( more, most) pron. & adj.map n.March n.mark n. & v.market n.marriage n.marry v.master v.match v. & n.mathematics/maths n.matter n.may modal v.May n.maybe adv.me p

48、ron.meal n.mean (meant, meant) v.meaning n.meat n.medical adj.medicine n.meet (met, met) v.meeting n.melon n.member n.memory n.mend v.mention n. & vmessage n.metal n. & adj.method n.metre n.middle n.might v. & aux.mile n.milk n.mind v. & n.mine pron., n. & v.minute n.mirror n.Miss n.miss v.mistake v

49、. & n.model n.modern adj.mom (mum) n.moment n.Monday n.money n.monitor n.monkey n.month n.moon n.more adj., adv. & n.morning n.most adj.mother n.motorcycle n.mountain n.mouse n.mouth n.move v.movement n.movie n.Mr. (mister) n.Mrs. (mistress) n.Ms n.much adj.murder v.museum nmusic n.must modal v.my p

50、ron.myself pron.Nname n.national adj.natural adj.nature n.near adj.nearly adv.necessary adj.neck n.need v.& n.neighbour n.neither adj.nervous adj.never adv.new adj.news n.newspaper n.next adj. adv. & n.nice adj.night n.nine num.ninety num.ninth num.no adv. & adj.nobody n. & pron.nod v.noise n.none p

51、ron.noodle n.noon n.nor conj.normal adj.north adj. & n.northern adj.nose n.not adv.note n. & v.notebook n.nothing pron.notice n. & v.November n.now adv.number n.nurse n.OOK adv.object n.ocean n.October n.ofoff prep & adv.offer v. & v.office n.officer n.often adv.oil n.old adj.on prep.once n, adv. &

52、conjone num. & pron.oneself prop.only adv.open adj. & v.operation n.opportunity n.or conjorange adj. & n.order v.other pron. & adj.our pron.ourselvespron.out adv.outside n. adv. & prepover prep & adv.overcoat n.own adj. v.owner n.PRC. = personal computer n.RE. =physical education n.Pacific Oceanpack

53、age n.page n.paint n.pair n.palace n.pale adj.pancake n.panda n.paper n.pardon n.parent n.park n. & v.part n.party n.pass v.passage n.passenger n.passport n.past prep,path n.patient n.pay (paid, paid) v.peace n.pear n.pen n.pence n.pencil n.penny n.people n.percent n.perfect adj.perhaps adv.period n

54、.person n.personal adj.pet n.phone v. & n.photo n.physics n.piano n.pick v.picnic n.picture n.pie n.piece n.pig n.pilot n.ping-pong n.pink n. & adj.pioneer n.pity n.place n. & plain adj.plan n. & v.plane n.planet n.plant v. & n.plastic n. & adj.plate n.play v.player n.playground n.pleasant adj.pleas

55、e v.pleasure n.plenty n.pocket n.poem n.point v.police n.policeman n.policy n.polite adj.pond n.pool n.poor adj.pop n.popular adj.population n.pork n.position n.possible adj.post n.& v.postcard n.postman n.potato n.pound n.practice n.practise v.praise n. & v.prepare v.present n.president n.pretty ad

56、j.preventprice n.pride n.primary adj.principle n.print v.prison n.prisoner n.private adj.prize n.probably adv.problem n.produce v.programme n.progress n.& v.promise n. & v.pronounce v.pronunciation n.proper adj.protect v.proud adj.prove v.provide v.public adj. & n.pull v. & n.punish v.pupil n.purpos

57、e n.purse n.push n. & v.put (put, put) v.Qquarterqueen n.question n.quick adj. & advquickly adv.quiet adj.quite adv.Rrabbit n.race n.radio n.railway n.rain v.raincoat n.rainy adj.raise v.rapid adj.rat n.rather adv.reach v.read (read, read) v.ready adj.real adj.realise (realize) n.really adv.reason v

58、. & n.receive v.recently adv.recite v.record v.recorder n.red adj.refuse v.regard v.regret n. & v.relation n.relax v.remain v.remember v.repair n. & v.repeat v.reply v.report n.require v.research n.rest n. & v.restaurant n.result n.retell v.return v.review v. & n.rice n.rich adj.ride (rode, rode) v.

59、riddle n.right n. & adj.ring (rang, rung) v. & n.rise (rose, risen) v.risk n.river n.road n.robot n.rock n.role n.room n.rope n.rose n.round adv., prep & adj.row v.rubber n.rubbish n.rule n.ruler n.run (ran, run) v.rush v.Russia n.Russian n.Ssad adj.sadly adj.safe adj, ssian n.Ssad &nb, sp;adj.sadly

60、 adj.safe adj.safety n.sail n. & v.salad n.sale n.salt n.same n. & adj.sand n.sandwich n.satisfy v.Saturday n.sausage n.save v.say (said, said) v.sea If. n.school n.schoolbag n.science n.scientist n.score n. & v.screen n.sea n.search n. & v.season n.seat n.second num. adj. & n.secret n.secretary n.s

61、ee (saw, seen) v.seem v.seldom adv.sell (sold, sold) v.send (sent, sent) v.sense n.sentence n.separate v. & adj.September n.serious adj.servant n.serve v.service n.set (set, set) v.& n.seven num.several pron. & adj.shake(shook, shaken) v.shall (should) aux & v.shame n.shape n.& v.share v.she pron.sh

62、eep (pl sheep) n.shelf ( pl. shelves ) n.shine v.ship n.shirtshoe n.shop n.short adj.shorts n.should modal v.shoulder n.shout n. & v.show (showed, shown) v.shower n.shut (shut, shut) v.shy adj.sick adj.side n.sight nsilence n.silent adj.silk n.silly adj.silver n.similarsimple adj.simply adv.since pr

63、ep. conj.& adv.sing (sang, sung) v.single adj.sir n.sister n.sit (sat, sat) v.situation n.six num.sixty num.size n.skate vskill n.skirt n.sky n.sleep n.sleepy adj.slide n.slow adj. & adv.small adv.smell n. & v.smile n. & v.smoke v.smooth adj.snake n.snow v.snowy adj.so adv. & conj.soap n.social adj.

64、society n.socks n.sofa n.soft adj.soldier n.solid adj. & n.solve v.some adj. & pron.somebody pronsomeone pron.something pron.sometimes adv.somewhere adv.son n.song n.soon adv.sorry adj.sort v. & n.sound v. & n.soup n.sour adj.south n. & adj.southern adj.space n.spare adj.speak (spoke, spoken) v.spec

65、ial adj.speech n.speed n.& v.spell v.spend (spent, spent) v.spirit n.spoon n.sport n.spread (spread, spread) v.spring n.square n.stairs n.stamp n.stand n.standard n. & adj.star n.start vstate nstation nstay n. & v.steal (stole, stolen) v.steel n.step n. & v.stick (stuck, stuck) v. & n.still adv.stom

66、ach n.stomachache n.stone n.stop n. & v.store n. & v.storm n.story n.strange adj.stranger n.strawberry n.stream n.street nstrike n.strong adj.student n.study v.stupid adj.subject n.succeed v.success n.successful adj.such adv. & pron. & adj.sudden adj.suddenly adv.suffer v.sugar n.suggest v.suggestio

67、n n.summer n.sun n.Sunday num.sunny adj.supermarket n.supper nsupply v. & n.suppose v.sure adj. & adv.surface n.surprise n. & vsweater n.sweep (swept, swept) v.sweet n. & adj.swim (swam, swum) v.swimming n.swing n.symbol n.Ttable n.table tennis n.tail n.take (took, taken) v.tale n.talk v.tall adj.ta

68、pe n.task n.taste n. & v.taxi n.tea n.teach (taught, taught) v.teacher n.team n.technology n.telephone n.television (TV) ntell (told, told) v.temperature n.ten num.tennis n.tent n.term n.terrible adj.test v. & n.text n.than conjthank v. & n.that adj. & pron.the art.theatre n.their pron.them pron.the

69、mselves pron.then advthere int. & n. & adv.these pron.they pron.thick adj.thin adj.thing n.think (thought, thought) v.third num.thirsty adj.thirteen num.thirty num.this adj. & pron.those adj. & pron.though conj.thought n.thousand num.thread n.three num.through prep. & adthrow (threw, thrown) v.Thurs

70、day num.ticket n.tidy adj.tie v. & n.tiger n.till conj. & preptime n.tiny adj.tired adj.to prep,today adv. & n.together adv.toilet n.tomato n.tomorrow adv.ton n.tongue n.tonight adv.too adv.tool n.tooth (pl. teeth) n.toothachetoothbrush n.toothpaste n.top n.total adj. n. & v.touch v.tour n.tourist n

71、.toward(s) preptowel n.towertown n.toy n.trade n.traditional adj.traffic n.train n. & v.training n.translate v.travel v.traveller n.treasure n.treat v.tree n.trip n.trouble v. & n.trousers n.truck n.true adj.trust v.truth n.try v.T-shirt n.Tuesday n.turn n.twelfth n.twelve num.twentiethtwenty num.tw

72、ice adtwo num.Uugly adj.umbrella n.uncle n.under prep.underground adj. & n.understand (understood, understood)unhappy adj.unit n.university n.unless conj.until prep & conjup adv. & prep,upon prepupstairs adv.us pron.use n. & v.used adj.useful adj.usual adj.usually adv.Vvacation n.value n.various adj

73、.VCD n.vegetable n.very adv.victory n.video n.village n.violin n.visit v.visitor n.voice n.volleyball n.Wwait v.wake (woke, woken) v.walk v.wall n.want v.war n.warm adj.warn v.wash v.waste n. & v.watch v.water n.watermelon n.way n.wepron.weak adj.wealth n.wear (wore, worn) v.weather n.Wednesday n.we

74、ek n.weekday n.weekend n.weigh v.weight n.welcome adj.well adj, adv & nwest adj. & n.western adj.wet adj.whale n.what pron. & adj.whatever conj & pronwheat n.wheel n.when conj & adv.whenever conj.where adv.whether conj.which conj.while conj &n.white adj.who pron.whole adj.whom pron.whose pron.why ad

75、v. &int.wide adj.wife n.will (would) modal v.win (won, won)n.wind n.window n.windy adj.wine n.wing n.winner n.winter n.wise adj.wish n. & v.with prep,without prep,wolf n.woman n.wonder v.wonderful adj.wood n.wooden adj.word n.work v. & n.worker n.world n.worry v.worth adj.would modal v.wound v. & n.

76、write (wrote, written) v.writing n.wrong adj.XX-rayyard n.year n.yellow adj.yes adv.yesterday n. & adv.yet adv.you pron.young adj.your pron.yourself pron.yourselves pron.zebra n.zero n. & num.zoo n.Isafety n.sail n. & v.salad n.sale n.salt n.samen. & adj.sand n.sandwich n.satisfy v.Saturday n.sausag

77、e n.save v.say (said, said) v.sea If. n.school n.schoolbag n.science n.scientist n.score n. & v.screen n.sea n.search n. & v.season n.seat n.second num. adj. & n.secret n.secretary n.see (saw, seen) v.seem v.seldom adv.sell (sold, sold) v.send (sent, sent) v.sense n.sentence n.separate v. & adj.Sept

78、ember n.serious adj.servant n.serve v.service n.set (set, set) v.& n.seven num.several pron. & adj.shake(shook, shaken) v.shall (should) aux & v.shame n.shape n.& v.share v.she pron.sheep (pl sheep) n.shelf ( pl. shelves ) n.shine v.ship n.shirtshoe n.shop n.short adj.shorts n.should modal v.shoulde

79、r n.shout n. & v.show (showed, shown) v.shower n.shut (shut, shut) v.shy adj.sick adj.side n.sight nsilence n.silent adj.silk n.silly adj.silver n.similarsimple adj.simply adv.since prep. conj.& adv.sing (sang, sung) v.single adj.sir n.sister n.sit (sat, sat) v.situation n.six num.sixty num.size n.s

80、kate vskill n.skirt n.sky n.sleep n.sleepy adj.slide n.slow adj. & adv.small adv.smell n. & v.smile n. & v.smoke v.smooth adj.snake n.snow v.snowy adj.so adv. & conj.soap n.social adj.society n.socks n.sofa n.soft adj.soldier n.solid adj. & n.solve v.some adj. & pron.somebody pronsomeone pron.someth

81、ing pron.sometimes adv.somewhere adv.son n.song n.soon adv.sorry adj.sort v. & n.sound v. & n.soup n.sour adj.south n. & adj.southern adj.space n.spare adj.speak (spoke, spoken) v.special adj.speech n.speed n.& v.spell v.spend (spent, spent) v.spirit n.spoon n.sport n.spread (spread, spread) v.sprin

82、g n.square n.stairs n.stamp n.stand n.standard n. & adj.star n.start vstate nstation nstay n. & v.steal (stole, stolen) v.steel n.step n. & v.stick (stuck, stuck) v. & n.still adv.stomach n.stomachache n.stone n.stop n. & v.store n. & v.storm n.story n.strange adj.stranger n.strawberry n.stream n.st

83、reet nstrike n.strong adj.student n.study v.stupid adj.subject n.succeed v.success n.successful adj.such adv. & pron. & adj.sudden adj.suddenly adv.suffer v.sugar n.suggest v.suggestion n.summer n.sun n.Sunday num.sunny adj.supermarket n.supper nsupply v. & n.suppose v.sure adj. & adv.surface n.surp

84、rise n. &vsweater n.sweep (swept, swept)sweet n. & adj.swim (swam, swum)swimming n.swing n.symbol n.Ttable n.table tennis n.tail n.take (took, taken) v.tale n.talk v.tall adj.tape n.task n.taste n. & v.taxi n.tea n.teach (taught, taught) v.teacher n.team n.technology n.telephone n.television (TV) nt

85、ell (told, told) v.temperature n.ten num.tennis n.tent n.term n.terrible adj.test v. & n.text n.than conjthank v. & n.that adj. & pron.the art.theatre n.their pron.them pron.themselves pron.then advthere int. & n. & adv.these pron.they pron.thick adj.thin adj.thing n.think (thought, thought) v.third

86、 num.thirsty adj.thirteen num.thirty num.this adj. & pron.those adj. & pron.though conj.thought n.thousand num.thread n.three num.through prep. & adthrow (threw, thrown)Thursday num.ticket n.tidy adj.tie v. & n.tiger n.till conj. & preptime n.tiny adj.tired adj.to prep,today adv. & n.together adv.to

87、ilet n.tomato n.tomorrow adv.ton n.tongue n.tonight adv.too adv.tool n.tooth (pl. teeth) n.toothachetoothbrush n.toothpaste n.top n.total adj. n. & v.touch v.tour n.tourist n.toward(s) preptowel n.towertown n.toy n.trade n.traditional adj.traffic n.train n. & v.training n.translate v.travel v.travel

88、ler n.treasure n.treat v.tree n.trip n.trouble v. & n.trousers n.truck n.true adj.trust v.truth n.try v.T-shirt n.Tuesday n.turn n.twelfth n.twelve num.twentiethtwenty num.twice adtwo num.Uugly adj.umbrella n.uncle n.under prep.underground adj. & n.understand (understood, understood)unhappy adj.unit

89、 n.university n.unless conj.until prep & conjup adv. & prep,upon prepupstairs adv.us pron.use n. & v.used adj.useful adj.usual adj.usually adv.Vvacation n.value n.various adj.VCD n.vegetable n.very adv.victory n.video n.village n.violin n.visit v.visitor n.voice n.volleyball n.Wwait v.wake (woke, wo

90、ken) v.walk v.wall n.want v.war n.warm adj.warn v.wash v.waste n. & v.watch v.water n.watermelon n.way n.we pron.weak adj.wealth n.wear (wore, worn) v.weather n.Wednesday n.week n.weekday n.weekend n.weigh v.weight n.welcome adj.well adj, adv & nwest adj. & n.western adj.wet adj.whale n.what pron. &

91、 adj.whatever conj & pronwheat n.wheel n.when conj & adv.whenever conj.where adv.whether conj.which conj.while conj & n.white adj.who pron.whole adj.whom pron.whose pron.why adv. & int.wide adj.wife n.will (would) modal v.win (won, won) n.wind n.window n.windy adj.wine n.wing n.winner n.winter n.wis

92、e adj.wish n. & v.with prep,without prep,wolf n.woman n.wonder v.wonderful adj.wood n.wooden adj.word n.work v. & n.worker n.world n.worry v.worth adj.would modal v.wound v. & n.write (wrote, written) v.writing n.wrong adj.XX-rayyard n.year n.yellow adj.yes adv.yesterday n. & adv.yet adv.you pron.yo

93、ung adj.your pron.yourself pron.yourselves pron.zebra n.zero n. & num.zoo n.初一英语（ 上）冠词的用法撰 稿 ： 李伟清 审 稿 ： 贾巍责 编 ： 牛新阁知识讲解I、冠词的分类冠词可以分为不定冠词（a/an 定 冠 词（the ） 和零冠词（ 不用冠词1H、冠词的用法一、不定冠词的用法不定冠词a （ an）表示的意思是 一个 。a用于辅音音素开头的词前； 而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例 如:The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eatsa banana

94、.1 .用于可数名词的单数形式前， 表 示 一 。There is an apple on the plate.2 . 表示一类人或物。A tiger is a dangerous animal.3 . 第一次提到某人或某物。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.4 .在一些固定搭配中a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等二、定冠词的用法定 冠 词( the )是this/these/that/those的总称, 放在名词 前 ， 表示特定的事物或人。1 .第二次提到某人或某物， 用定冠词theLo

95、ok! There is a ball under the table. The ball ismine.2 .用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。Would you mind closing the window?3 .放在序数词前。Monday is the second day of the week.4 .放在形容词最高级前。He is the tallest boy in our class.5 .表示世上独一无二的事物。The earth goes around the sun.6 .定冠词放在姓氏复数前， 表 示 一家 。The Greens are from Australia.7

96、 .定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。The dog is a kind of cute animal.8 .定冠词和形容词连用， 也可以代表某类人或物。the poor the bad the rich the good9 .演奏某项乐器时， 乐器前需加the0如 ：play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin10 .在一些固定搭配中。如 ：in the morning in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年至I 头三、零冠词的用法1 .复数名词前不加冠词可以表示

97、一类人和事物Noodles are my favorite.2 .洲、国家、城市前不用冠词We live in Asia.3 . 不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。Would you like to drink water?4 .在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之 前 ， 不加冠词；It is very cold in winter in Beijing.5 .在姓名前不加冠词。She is Mrs. Henry Black.6 .在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。After we have lunch, we will play football.7 .在固定搭配中， 名

98、词前不需要用冠词。如 ：go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed练习题一、单项选择。1. He often has egg and some milk forbreakfast.A. / B. a C. the D. an2. -What s the trouble with Lingling?-She doesn/ t go to school and stay inbed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a3. -Do you have dictionary?-No, but Lucy has

99、 new dictionary on thebookshelf.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a4.earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /5. There is L in the word LUCK.A. a B. the C. an D. /6.1 hope you have happy day today.A. a B. an C. the D. /7. Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is orange and so

100、me pineapples in thebasket.A. the B. / C. a D. an9. Lisa has h a t . h a t is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /10. T m watching movie. It is aboutinteresting love story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an二. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误， 请改正。1. July is a seventh month of the year.2. We wait here

101、for half a hour.3. Students often play the football after school.4. It s an European wolf.5. They often have a supper in a restaurant.6. Smiths are talking happily.7. Are you from the America?8. Panda live in China.9. On the Sunday we don t go to school.10. Do you know richest man in the village?三、阅

102、读理解。Exercising is good for our health. Everyone knows thatexercise is important. We all need exercise. Doctors say itis good for us. It makes your heart and body strong.Children often exercise.There are different kinds of exercise. You can walk, run,swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exe

103、rcise inthe following ways: you have to like what you re doing.Exercise enough but not too much. It s best to exercisetwice a week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try allkinds of things until you find one, two or three sports thatfeel right for you.Exercising can be fun. People can exercise alo

104、ne, orthey can play sports together. How do you exercise?根据短文内容， 判断下列句子正（T ） 、误 （F ） 。1 . Exercising is good for our health.2 . Only adults （成年人）need to exercise.3 . You should exercise enough but not too much.4 . It s best to exercise once a week.5 . People can exercise alone, or they can together.

105、参考答案一、单项选择。1-5 DCDCC 1-6 ABDCA二、句子改错。每句中有一个错误， 请改正。1 . 将a变为the2 . 将a变为an3 . 去掉the4 . 将an变为a5 . 去掉a6 . Smiths 前 力 口 The7 .去掉the8 . Panda 变为 Pandas9 .去掉the10 . richest 前加 the三、阅读理解。TFTFT初一英语语法与词汇解析（ 人教版）- 短语识记：a photo of 一张 的照片; a set of keys 一副钥匙;sports collection 体育收藏品;family photo 全家福照片; family tre

106、e 家谱； firstname 名字; Frenchfries 薯条;healthy food 健康食品；ID card 身份证； last name/ family name 姓氏；play sports做运动； pencil sharpener铅笔刀； runningstar跑步明星;tennis racket 网球拍； watch TV 看 电 视 ;telephone number / phone number 电话号召马;video tape 录 像 带 ； lost and found 失物招领；thanks for 为. . . . . . 而 感 谢 ;a lot of / l

107、ots of 许 多 ， 大 量 ； behind the sofa 在沙发后面 ； in the drawer在抽屉里;on the floor / table 在 地 板 , 桌 子 上 ; On the dresser 在梳妆台上; under the bed在 床 下 ；bring.to.把带（ 来） 到. . . . . . ; call sb （ at.）给某人打电 话 ；play baseball / basketball 打棒球 / 篮 球 ; play computergames玩电子游戏；sound good听起来彳艮好; taketo把 带（ 去） 至ij.;watch.

108、on TV在电视上看action movie 动 作 片 ; basketball / volleyball game篮 球 ， 排 球 赛 ； Beijing Opera京 剧 ：birthday party 生日聚会; English speech contest 英语演讲比赛； movie star电影明星；school day学校上课日； school trip学校旅行；summer camp 夏令营；talent show才艺表演;.year（ s） old.岁（ 年龄） ;alittle 少量；at a very good price 以很好的价钱；at home 在家;atsch

109、ool 在学校;in the morning 在上午;in the afternoon 在下午;in the evening 在傍晚 / 晚上;on sale 出售; on weekends 在周末;do one s homework做作业; eat / have breakfast /lunch / dinner吃早/ 午/ 晚饭;get to 至ij达 ；get up 起床；go home 回家；go to a movie去看电影；go to bed 上床睡觉；go to school 去上学;go to work 去上班；help with在（ 方面） 帮助；learn about 了解

110、有关. .;listen to 听. . .; look at / havea look at 看一看. . . ;play chess 下棋;play the guitar / trumpet / violin / drum弹吉他/ 吹喇叭， 拉小提琴， 敲鼓；play with.和 ;speak English 说英语； take ashower淋浴, 洗漂;take the number 17 bus 乘 17 路公共汽车; how much（ 价钱） 多少；how old多大年记；what time几 点 ， 什么时候二复习本册主要内容， 包括话题、词汇、句型及语法：- 词汇分类记忆1

111、. school things （学习及相关用品） :pencil pen book eraserruler math book pencil case pencil sharpener backpacknotebook computer watch key ring CD video cassettealarm clock ID card2. family members （ 家庭成员） :mother father parent sisterbrother grandmother grandfather grandparent uncle auntcousin3. furniture （

112、家具） :table bed dresser bookcase sofa chair4. sports and entertainment （运动与娱乐） :baseballbasketball volleyball soccer bat tennis dance swimmingpaint play chess play the guitar5. food（ 食物） ：hamburgers tomatoes broccoli orangessalad bananas eggs carrots apples chicken fruit vegetablebreakfast lunch dinn

113、er French fries ice cream6. clothes（ 衣物） :hat socks pants shorts sweater bagT-shirt7. number（ 数词） :cardinal基 数 词）/ ordinal（ 序数词）one / first two / second three / third four/ fourth five / fifth six / sixth seven /seventh eight / eighth nine / ninth ten / tentheleven / eleventh twelve / twelfth thirte

114、en /thirteenth fourteen / fourteenth fifteen / fifteenthnineteen / nineteenth twenty / twentiethtwenty-one/ twenty-first thirty / thirtieth8. month（ 月份） :January February March April May JuneJuly Au-gust September October November December9. week （ 星期） :Monday Tuesday Wednesday ThursdayFriday Saturd

115、ay Sunday10. movies（ 电景分:action movie comedy romance thriller11. musical instrument （乐 器） :guitar drum piano trumpetviolin12. subject（ 科目） :math science history art Chinese EnglishSpanish Portuguese Korean French physicaleducation（ RE.）13. countries and cities （国家与城市） ：Canada NewZealand Japan Austra

116、lia Mexico Brazil ArgentinaSeoul the United States the United Kingdom South KoreaNew York Mexico City Tokyo14. daily life（日常生活） ：run clean read get up eat / havebreakfast /lunch / supper go to schooldo homework / housework watch TV go to bedtake a shower15. adjectives （形容词）: interesting boring fun d

117、ifficultrelaxing scaryfunny exciting sad great二主要语法项目1 . be动词的一般现在时形式be动词的现在式有am , is , are三种形式， 原形均为b e ,因此称它们为be动词。be动词在一般现在时的句子当中， 通常构成主系表句型， 表示当前所存在的状态， 句型如下：肯定句： 主语+be动词+ 其 他e . g . I am a teacher.否定句： 主语+be 动词+not+其他 e .g . He isn1 t a student .疑问句：Be 动词+ 主语+ 其他 e . g . Are you a soccer player

118、?be动词的三种不同的形式分别接在不同的主语后面， 第一人称单数I am , 第一人称复数we are . 第二人称单复数you are,第三人称的单数she /he/it is ,第三人称复数they are。注意下列缩写形式：is not=isnz t are not=aren, tI am not=r m notYou are=You, re It is=It s看下列例句：(l)It is not a book . / It isnz t a book . -(2)Is Mary a nurse? Yes, she is .2 do/does引导的一般疑问句、否定句及肯定、否定回答be

119、动词(am , is , are),助动词、情态动词以外的动词称为行为动词。行为动词通常用于主谓宾句型当中作谓语， 表示一定的动作。在否定句和疑问句中， 要加助动词dO / does , 这和be动词不同。句型如下：肯定句： 主语+ 动词( 第三人称单数时， 动词一s /-es)否定句: 主语+d。/ does not(don/ t / doesnz t)+动词一般疑问句：Do / Does+主语+ 动词？e . g .(1) You go to school every day .(2) She likes singing very much .(3) I don t watchTv at

120、home .(4) He doesnf t study hard .(5) Do you have an examination in English? Yes, I do .(6) Does she walk to school? No, she doesn* t .3. 人称代词、物主代词用法巧记和提示巧学妙记1 . 人称代词的用法口诀人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说； 主格定把主语做， 宾格作宾不会错。如：He teaches us English .2 . 物主代词用法口诀物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语， 后面定把名词用； 名词性， 独 立 用 ， 主宾表语它都扮形容词

121、性物主代词具有形容词的特性， 在句中用作定语， 后面必须接名词。如 ：Our teacher is a young woman .名词性物主代词应独立使用. 后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+ 名词。它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如 ：Her English is better than mine . Her 作 定 语 ,mine=myEnglish0提小当几个不同的人称代词作主语时。它们的排列顺序通常是：单数为：you , he / she and I 如 ：You, she and I are good friends . 我、你和她都是好朋友。Mary and I are in C

122、lass One . 我和玛丽在一班。 复数为：we, you and they如 ：We, you and they all enjoymusic .我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。但如果是做错了事， 当事人应承担责任时， 通常把第一人称放在最前面。如 ：一Who broke the window? I and M汰e .这 正 是 ： 单数人称2、3、I ,复数人称I、2、3。麻烦事情 我站前， 其他人称没意见。4. 情态动词梳理归纳 can(could), may(might), must, haveto, need, shouldCan 1 . 表示主观能力, 意 为 能 ; 会 。其否定

123、形式为cannot=can to 如 ：He can / can t swim .2 . 表示请求、许 可 ， 常 用 于C anL.?, 意为 我可以吗?比较口语化。如 ：Can I play football after I finish doing myhomework?3. 表示推测， 常用于否定和疑问句中。如 ：Look at the name on the bag . It can/ t be Lily7 s .Where can it be?M ayl .表示请求、许可， 意为 可以 。如 ：May I have a look at your CD player?2 . 表示可能

124、性（ 说话人的猜测） ， 常用于肯定句中。如 ：Your friend may be waiting for you now .相关链接：1 . may引起的一般疑问句，其肯定回答多用Yes , please或Of course / Certainly 其否定回答多用Please dont 或No , youmustn, t o 如 ：May I smoke here?一Yes . please . / No . you mustn/ t .2 . might是may的过去式， 可用于间接引语中指过去。如 ： ，He told me that it might be true .3 . mig

125、ht也可用于指现在， 但语气比may较委婉， 含义更不确定。如 ：That might be quite expensive .Must 1 . 表示说话人的主观意志， 意为 必须 ， 这种 必须多出于义务、责任或强制命令。 如 ：You must do it yourself.2 . 表示推测， 意为 一定 ， 语气较肯定， 只用于肯定句中。 如 ：Look at our neighbor7 s new car. They must earn a lot ofmoney .相关链接：1 . 对must引起的一般疑问句, 作肯定回答佣must,但作否定回答要用neednz to如 ：-Must

126、 I wash the clothes now?一Yes , you must. / No,you needn1 t .2 . must的否定式为must not / mustn1 t,意为 不允许; 禁止 。如 ：The children mustnz t play football in the street .Have to 1 . 表示客观需要， 意为 不得不 。有人称、时态和数的变化。如 ：He has to wait for DrWang in the office .2 . have to的否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did构成。如 ：Why do you

127、 have to work so hard?Need用作情态动词时， 意为 需要 ， 主要用于否定和疑问句中。如:You needn, t worry about her.Need you go to school now?相关链接：1 . need引起的一般疑问旬， 其肯定回答要用must, 而否定回答要用neednz to如 ：一Need I take the camera to your house?一Yes , you must . / No , you needn1 t .2 . need还可以作实义动词， 除了有人称、时态和数的变化外,其否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do / doe

128、s / did构成。如 ：He needed to escape .I don t need anything special.3 . need作实义动词时， 后面既可以跟ving形式也可以跟动词不定式。Should表示道义上或责任上的 应该 。可用于各种句式。如 ：You should call the pohce if you see something unusual .You shouldn t make such a foolish decision .Unit One1. How often do you exercise ? How often + 助动词do（ does 或 d

129、id） + 主语 + do sth. ?疑问词 how often 是问频率（ 多经常） ， 在这里助动词do（ does或did）是起帮助构成疑问的作用Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times amonth / Three or four times a month .2. What do you usually do on weekends ?第一个 do 为助动词， 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用； 而第二个d o则是实义动词。I usually play soccer.3. What s your favorite progr

130、am ? It s Animal World .4. What do students do at Green High School ?第一个 do为助动词， 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用； 而 第 二 个d o则是实义动词。5. As for homework , most students do homework everyday . as for意 思 是 至 于 ；关于：常用于句首作状语， 其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形 式 （ 即动名词）0如 ：As for him , I never want to see him here.至于他， 我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the

131、 story , youd better not believe it .关于那故事,你最好不要相信。6. The results for watch TV are interesting .7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pongwith her. - want to do sth.意 思 是 “ 想要做某事 ；want sb.tod。sth.意思是 想要某人做某事 。如 ：Do you want to go to the movies with me ? 你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want

132、us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。8. She says it s good for my health . be good for.表示“ 对有益（有好处丫。 其反义为:be bad for.。（这里fo r是介词， 后跟名词、代词或动名词)如 ：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。9. How many hours do you sleep every night ?10.1 exercise every d

133、ay , usually when I come home fromschool.11. My eating habits are pretty good .这里 pretty 相当于very o12 . 1 try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleventimes a week . try to do sth.表 示 “尽力做某事“ ， 不包含是否成功的意思/ try doing sth.表 示 ( 用某一办法)试着去做某事。 如:You d better try doing the experimentin another wa

134、y.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades .一help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事14. Good food and exercise help me to study better.一help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事/这里better是well的比较级, 而不是good的比较级15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? =Is herlifestyle the same as your lif

135、estyle or is her lifestyledifferent from your lifestyle ? be the same as . / bedifferent from .16. 1 think F m kind of unhealthy. kind of = a little / a kindo f意思是一种17. What sports do you play ?18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

136、19. You must try to eat less meat. try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事 ,不包含是否成功的意思/ less是little的比较级20. That sounds interesting.这是主语+ 系动词+ 表语结构的简单句。sound （听起来） , look （看起来） , smell （ 闻起来） ,taste （ 尝起来）z feel （ 觉得） ,seem （ 好象） ,grow （ 变得）,get （变得） 等词在英语中可用作系动词， 后跟形容词作表语。如 ：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very

137、 sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。Unit Two1. What s the matter ? What* s the mater with you ? with为介词， 后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey/ see a dentist / see a doctor.3.

138、T m not felling well.这里well表示身体状况不能用good代替4. When did it start ? About two days ago .5. That s too bad .6.1 hope you fell better soon .这里 better 是 well 的比较级7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balanceof yin and yang to be healthy.这里 to be healthy 是动词不定式短语， 作目的状语8. Maybe you have too much

139、 yin . too much 后跟不可数名词 ， 而t。 。many后跟可数名词复数9. It s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and 9 s importantto eat a balanced diet. It s easy to do sth .做某事容易/ It s important to do sth . 做某事重要10. Everyone gets tired sometimes .这里 get 连系动词，tired是形容词作表语， 属系表结构11. A sore throat can give you a fever. give sb.

140、 sth .=give sth. to sb .把某物给某人12. Don t get stressed out. It s not healthy .在这里 get是连系动词，stressed out是表语13.1 have a toothache . I need to see a dentist. need意 思 为 需 要 ， 作实义动词时， 后跟动词不定式， 否定式为don t /doesn/ t/didn t need (to do sth .); 作情态动词时 ， 只能用于否定句或疑问句中， 否定式为needn( t(do sth .),除有过去式外， 没有其它的形态变化14.

141、Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy 是动词不定式短语， 作目的状语15. T m not feeling very well at the moment. at themoment = nowUnit Three1. What are you doing for vacation ? F m babysitting mysister.Where are you going for vacation ? Italy .这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法， 用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情， 现在还没有去做。2. Who are

142、 you going with ? T m going with my parents .with my parents是介词短语， 在这里作伴随状语， 起修饰谓语动 词are going的作用3. When are you going ? T m going on Monday .4. What are you doing there ? T m going hiking in themountains .5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I donf tlike going away for too long . 疑问词

143、hwo long 是对时间长短或事物的长度提问， 在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself.玩得开心、愉快7. Show me your photos when we get back to school. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb .把某给某人看8. T m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation 是介词短语 ， 在这里作目的状语， 起修饰谓语动词的作用9. What s it like there ?这 里like是 介 词 ， 而不是动词1

144、0. Can I ask you some questions about your vacationplans ? - ask sb. sth .问某人某事11. Ben Lambert, the famous French singer, is taking along vacation this summer! take a vacation 度假12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , butdecided on Canada . 一 think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这 里 的about和on都是介词13

145、. I always take vacation in E u ro p e h e said . Thistime I want to do something d iffe re n t (1). want to dosth. (2).修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything 等) 的定语常放在不定代词的后面14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . plan todo sth.计划做某事15. T m planning to spend time in the beautifulcountryside

146、.16.1 just finished making my last movies . finish doingsth,完成做某事17.1 hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing .to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语， 作a good place的后置定语18. She1 s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . leave Afor B离开A地去B地19 .1 want to ask you about places to visit China . to visitChina是

147、动词不定式短语， 作places的后置定语20. T m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . toItaly是动词不定式短语， 作my vacation的后置定语21. What should tourists take with them ? with them 是介词短语， 在这里作伴随状语， 起修饰谓语动词take的作用22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（ 注 ：from是介词）Unit Four1. How do you get to school ?疑问词how在这里是

148、对方式进行提问I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle /bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat. Onfoot.How do I get there ?因there是副词， 所以不能说get tothere Dont worry. Let me look at your map . Ok, first .,next . . Then .2. How long does it take ?疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问It t

149、akes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus .How long does t take you to get from home to school ?It takes twenty-five minutes . take sb. some time to dosth.花费某人 时间做某事3. Lin Fei s home is about Kilometers from school.4. How far is it from your home to school ? It s threemiles .How far do you

150、 live from school ? I live 10 miles fromschool.疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问5. In other parts of the world , things are different.6. In China , it depends on where you are . depend on视 而定； 决定于7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .8. In North America , not all students take the bus toschool. not

151、all是部分否定， 意思是并不是所有的; 不是全部的9. Other parts of the world are different from the UnitedStates.10. A small number of students take the subway . anumber of = many 许多11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? think o f对. . . . . . 有某种看法12. When it rains I take a taxi.13.1 have a map but in

152、Chinese .14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman .Unit Five1. Can you come to my party ?Sure , T d love(like) to . / T m sorry, I canf t . I have tohelp my parents.Can you play tennis with me ?情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。2.1 have too much homework this weekend . too much 后跟不可数名词；too many后跟可数名词复

153、数3. That s too bad .4. Maybe another time .5. Thanks for asking . for介词， 后跟名词， 代词或动名词6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us .7. On Wednesday, T m playing tennis with the schoolteam .8. 1 have to study for my science test on Thursday. have to强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因9. Please keep quiet! Im trying to stu

154、dy. try to do sth.表 示 “尽力做某事， 不包含是否成功的意思10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? wantto do sth.意思是想要做某事11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . thewhole day = all day 整天12. Can you come over to my house ?13. F m free till 22:00 .Unit Six1. T m more outgoing than my sister.一主语 +

155、 动词 +形容词比较级别+ than +比较对象2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and insome ways we look different.3. However, we both enjoy going to parties . enjoydoing sth. = like doing sth.喜欢做某事4. Liu Li has more than one sister. more than 不止5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . incommo

156、n （团体） 共同的； 公有的6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. as .as和 一 样 （ 其中as.as之间的形容词必须用原级） ; 它的否定式 是 :not as（ so） . as7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li.这里 more 是 much 的比较 级 , 而不是many的比较级8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多9. My friend is the same as me . be the same

157、 as .与 一样 / be different from 与. .不同10 . 1 think a good friend makes me laugh . make sb. dosth.使某人做某事11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things asme . like to do sth.12. That s not very important for me .13. What s your opinion ?14. Should friends be different or the same ? same 前常有定冠词th

158、e15.1 like to have friends who are like me . / 1 like to havefriends who are different from me . like to do sth.中的like是动词， 意 思 是 喜 欢 ; 而忙like m e中的like是介词 ， 意 思 是 像 要 注 意 区 别like的词性。16. T m quieter than most of the kids in my class .17. We both like doing the same things . like doing sth.喜欢做某事18. Wh

159、o do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ?19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes .一 be good with sb .对某人好； 与某人相处融洽/ enjoydoing = like doing sth.喜欢做某事20. He can1 t stop talking . stop doing sth.意 为 “停止（ 正在）做 的 事 情 ,doing在句中是stop的宾语。 如 ：Whenthe teacher came in , the students

160、stopped talking andlaugh .老师走了进来， 学生们停止了谈笑。/stop to do sth.意 为 停 下 （ 正在做的事） 去 做 某 事 ， 动词不定式短语to dosth.在句中作动词stop的目的状语。 如 ：He stopped towrite a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作， 给她写信。21. He always helps others .22. She likes to stay at home and read . like to do sth.喜欢做某事/ stay at home呆在家里Review of units 1-6

161、1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it, too .动词不定式短语to make cheese在这里作目的状语， 修饰usemilk2. A part of your body beginning with a . beginw ith以. . . . . . 开 始 (注 意 ：with是介词)3. The opposite of short is long or tall.4. The neck is between your head and your body .一between . and 在. .和. . . 之间5.

162、 Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . all用于三者或三者以上；both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置， 即位于连系动词(be )， 助动词(be, will, shall, should等 ) ， 情态动词(can , may, must, have to等 ) 的后面； 其它动词的前面。6.1 like reading books in my free time . like doing sth.喜欢做某事/ in one s free tim e在空余时间7 .1 feel terrible , doctor.在这里

163、feel 是连系动词,terrible是形容词作表语，feel terrible是系表结构作复合谓语8.1 usually relax in my swimming pool.9. T m very excited to be taking a vacation around China ! be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ?初中英语阅读专项训练1AOnce there lived a rich man called King. He lovedchatting （ 聊 天 ）v

164、ery much. Every day he had his men doall the housework, so he had enough time to chat withothers.One summer afternoon, his friend Bruce invited him tohis birthday party. King kept on chatting at table. Later, allthe other friends had left, but he didnt notice it. Bruce wasworried, because he had jus

165、t received a call from his sisterand he would go to the station to meet her. But Kingdidnt say goodbye to him, and he went on chatting.At that time. Kings wife came in and asked her husband,Would you like a roast（ 烤制的 bird, dear?Of course, King answered, but where is it?I heard a bird singing in the

166、 big tree outside just now,said the woman. I want it to be the last dish. Ill cut thetree down.But Im afraid it will fly away when you begin to cut thetree, said King.Dont worry about it, dear; the woman said with asmile, It is a foolish （ 愚蠢 的）bird. It doesnt know whento le a ve .1. What did King l

167、ike doing?A. Doing housework. B. Visiting his friends. C.Chatting with others. D. Eating and drinking.2. Why did Bruce invite King to his house? A. Becauseit was his birthday. B. Because it was Kingsbirthday.C. Because he also loved chatting. D. Because hehad cooked a bird for dinner.3. Bruce wanted

168、 to stop chatting with King b e c a u s e ,A. he wanted to go to bed B. his sisterarrived at his houseC. he had no more food for the dinner D. he wouldgo to the station to meet his sister4. The underlined word it in the passage means uA. the dish B. the phone call C. the otherfriends had left D. the

169、 bird was singing outside5. From the passage, we can know t ha t . A. theKings lived a poor life B. Kings wife wasa clever woman,C. there was a foolish bird in the tree outside D. allthe friends stayed for the roast birdBLife is like the four seasons. Now I am very old, butwhen I was young, it was t

170、he spring of my life. I was born, Iplayed a lot, and then I started school. I learned many newthings. Like a flower, I grew bigger every day. There werehappy days and sorrowful days : some days the sunshone, and some days it didnt.In my twenties, I had a good job. I was strong andhappy. Then I marri

171、ed and had a child. In those days, Ididnt have much time to think. Every day I was busy andworked very hard. And so, I started to get some whitehairs. The summer of my life passed quickly.Then the days got shorter. Leaves fell from the trees.My child was a university student, and then an engineer.My

172、 home was much quieter. I started walking more slowly.One day I stopped working. I had more time. I understoodthis was my autumn, a beautiful time when the treeschange colour and give us delicious fruits.But the days kept getting shorter and colder. Winterhas come. I am older and weaker. I know I do

173、 not havemany days left, but I will enjoy them to the end.1. The writer was very busy in the of his life. A.spring B. summer C. autumn D.winter2. According to the passage, which of the following ages isduring the autumn of his life?A. 15. B. 33. C. 62. D.87.3. What does the word sorrowful mean in th

174、is passage?A. Sad. B. Exciting. C. Wonderful.D. Pleasant.4. Which of the followings is true?A. The writer was an engineer. B. The writerhad a garden with flowers.C. The writer was always happy as a child. D. Thewriter now is old and weak, but still he enjoys his life.5. The best title of the passage

175、 can be.A. Four Seasons B. My LifeC. Four Seasons in a Year D. Four Seasons in MyLifeCAre you thinking about what to do in your free time?Come and join as Youth （ 青 年） Club! Join in lessons andactivities. Its fun! For more information, call 347 89256 !LessonsActivitiesMonday - Friday6:00p.m. 7:30p.m

176、.Saturday and Sunday8:00a.m 9:00p.m.Computer lessons forbeginnersBasketball and volleyballplaygrounds openMonday, Wednesday7:30p.m 9:30p.m.Dunce lessons fordance-loversYou can learn and enjoywonderful dances.Monday - SundaySwimming pool openTuesday, Thursday andFriday6:39p.m. 7:30p.m.Cooking lessons

177、Learn to cook deliciousdishes from all over China.The 2nd and last Saturdaysof every month 7:00p.m.9:30 P.M. Concert time Enjoy Swedish rock,American jazz and beautifulsongs from different partsof the world!1. On which of the following days cant you have computerlessons?A. Monday. B. Wednesday. C. F

178、riday.D. Sunday.2. Rose is free after 7 : 20 p. m. Which lessons can shetake?A. Computer lessons.B. Dance lessons. C.Cooking lessons. D. Both computer and cookinglessons.3. If Dick wants to swim after playing basketball, when canhe go to the club?A. Monday and Wednesday. B. Monday andSunday. C. Satu

179、rday and Sunday. D.Monday to Sunday.4. How often can you enjoy music in the club?A. Twice a month. B. Twice a week. C. Four times amonth. D. Five days a week.5. If you want to know the cost of the lessons, you canto get the information.A. call 347 89256 B. only go to the club C.read the ads above ca

180、refully D. join in the club andask othersDStress（ 压力）is everywhere in our everyday life. Not onlymen have it, but also women and young people.The most important reasons（ 原因）of stress are; death,diseases, exams, making money, getting married, movinghouses, changing jobs, ending friendships and so on.

181、How do you know whether you have stress? Could yougive your answers to the following questions?Do youYesNoeasily get angry ?often sleep badly?get headaches a lot?take sleeping pills?find it difficult to relax?usually hide your feelings?smoke and drink a lot to keepquiet?find it difficult to put your

182、 heartinto something?If you answer Yes to more than two of thesequestions, you are one of those people with stress. Sowhat can you do about it?Doing relaxing exercises, talking with friends andlistening to light music are all usual ways of relieving（ 减轻）stress. However, doctors now say that there ar

183、e easierwayspeople should laugh and smile more often. Whenyou laugh and smile, your body relaxes. They also say thatpeople, especially men, should X more often, becausecrying is the natural way of relieving stress.1. Which of the followings is NOT the reason of stress?A.Taking exams. B. Changing job

184、s. C. Taking sleepingpills. D. Making money.2. According to the passage, which of the followings istrue?A. Women and young people never have stress.B. Stress is everywhere in our everyday life.C. People who answer No to all of the questions havegreat stress.D. People who answer Yes to more than two

185、of thequestions have no stress.3. Whats the easier way to relax your body? A. Talkingwith friends. B. Listening to light music.C. Doing relaxing exercises. D. Laughing,smiling and crying.4. X in the passage should be theword . A. cry B. laugh C.smile D. smoke5. The main idea of the passage is.A. abo

186、ut stress and how to relieve your stressB. that there are many reasons for having stressC. that laughing and smiling more can help relieve yourstress D. that doing the Stress Test is a good way to helpyou to live a better lifeEThe customs in different countries are rather different.If I have dinner

187、with a Chinese host,he always puts more food onto my plate as soon as I haveemptied it. That often discomforts me greatly . I have toeat the food even if I don t want to , because it isconsidered bad manners in the West to leave one7 s foodon the plate . I have already noticed that when a Chinesesit

188、s at an American/ s dinner party, he very often refusesthe offer of food or drink . In the United States , it isimpolite to keep asking someone again and again or insiston his accepting something . Americans have a direct wayof speaking . If they want something , they will ask for it. Ifnot, they wi

189、ll say, nNo ; thanks When an Americandoesn, t want beer, for example , he might say, No,thanks .1 II take some Diet Pepsi-Cola if you have itThat is what an American will do .1. An American guest usually leaves nothing on the plate ,b e c a u s e .A. the host is very warmB. he is really hungryC. he

190、is really full D. it is thought good manners2. A Chinese guest usually refuses the offer of foodb e c a u s e .A. the host is not very warm B. he was taught to doso C. he is really full D. he was not in the West at all3. An American host is likely to .A. keep asking his guest to eat more B. fill his

191、guest1 s plate with more foodC. say No , thanks . D. stop giving theguest anything after the guest refuses something4. This passage wants to tell us.A. Chinese people should learn from American peopleB. Chinese guests often discomfort their hostsC. American customs are better than Chinese onesD. whe

192、n you go to the United States , you d better followtheir customs5. The best title for this passage is.A. Chinese Customs on Table B. Learnfrom Good MannersC. When in Rome , Do as the Romans Do D. GoodManners of Chinese People and American PeopleFWe know that many animals do not stay in one place.Bir

193、ds, fish and other animals move from one place toanother at a certain time. They move for different reasons:most of them move to find food more easily, but othersmove to get away from places that are too crowded.When cold weather comes, many birds move towarmer places to find food. Some fishes give

194、birth inwarm water and move to cold water to feed. The mostfamous migration （ 迁移）is probably the migration of fish,which is called “salmon” . This fish is born in fresh waterbut it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends itslife. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water.

195、Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is akind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes whenthey become too crowded. They move down to the lowland. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, andmany of them are killed when they fall into the sea.Recently （ 近来） ，scientists hav

196、e studied the migrationof a kind of lobster （ 龙虾） .Every year; when the season ofthe bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long lineand start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobodyknows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.So, sometimes we know why humans and animals movefr

197、om one place to another, but at other times we don t.Maybe living things just like to travel.1. Most animals move from one place to another at acertain time to.A. give birth B. enjoy warmer weatherC. find food more easily D. find beautiful places2. The fish called salmon spends a long time in.A. sal

198、t water B. river C. fresh water D.its birthplace3. The mice in northern Europe move wh e n .A. they give birth B. the place gets too crowdedC. the weather is bad D. they haven1 t enough food4. The lobsters mov e . A. to the fresh water B.at a certain time C. to the undersea D. to find morefood5. Wha

199、t is the main idea of the passage?A. Animals move to find food more easily.B. The migration of the fish called salmon“ is themost famous migration.C. Living things move from one place to anotherbecause they like to travel.D. Sometimes we know why and how living things movefrom one place to another,

200、but sometimes we don1 t.GBill Clinton was born in 1946O He took office （ 就职） onJanuary 20,1993 and became the 42nd U.S. President （ 总统） .He is the first U.S. president who was born after WorldWar IL He is also one of the youngest of all U.S. presidents.Clinton was born in a poor family. Three months

201、before he was born, his father, William Blats, died. Whenhe was small, his mother remarried （ 再 夕 昏 ）Norger Clinton,so the boy s family name was changed.In the summer of 1963, Clinton was asked to visit thecity of Washington. During his visit, he met PresidentKennedy in the White House. At that time

202、, he wanted tobecome a president, and now he is!1. Clinton became the 42nd U.S. president when hewa s .A. thirty B. about forty C. forty-sevenD.37years old2. Clinton, s father died .A. after 1946B. before Clinton was born C.before World War II D. when Clinton wasyoung3. Why was the boy s name change

203、d? A. Because hebecame a president B. Because his family was verypoorC. Because his father was dead D. Because hismother remarried Norger Clinton4. In 1963 Clinton came to the city of Washington_ .A. to take part in an exam B. for his holidaysC. for a visit D. to have a meeting with Kennedy5. Which

204、one of the following is Not right?A. Everybody can visit the president in the WhiteHouseB. All the U.S. presidents work in the White HorseC. Clinton wanted to become a president after he sawPresident KennedyD. The White House is in the city of WashingtonHLook at the instructions on the bottle of the

205、 medicineand then choose the right answers.John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold andcoughed day and night.He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him somecough medicine.Cough MedicineShake（ 摇动）it well before use.Take it three times each day before meals.Dose （ 药量） ：Age : over 14 : 2 teaspoonf

206、uls（ 勺）813 : 1 teaspoonful47 : 1 / 2 teaspoonfulNot right for children below the age of three. Put it in acold place.Use it before December 1st 2002.1. John should take a day. A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonful2. The medicine should be kept in. A. a fridgeB. hot wa

207、ter C. any place D. the sun3. John should before he takes it.A. shake the medicine well B. eat nothingC. do some exercise D. drink a cup of tea4. When people are years old, they cannot take thismedicine. A. eighty B. thirty C. twoD. twelve5. John will the medicine when it is left after Dec.lst,2002.

208、A. throw away B. stop to take C. take onceD. take six times moreIRead the advertisements, then choose the rightanswers.Air Hostesses for International Flights wanted Applicants* must be between 20 and 33years old. Height 1.6 to 1.75m Education to GCSE standard(4) Two languages, must be able to swim.

209、Apply to: Recruitment Office, Southern Airlines,Heathrow Airport Weat, Hr37KKDriver wanted Clean driving licence(2) Must be smart appearance Age over 25Apply to : Cape Taxi, 17 Palace Road, RostonTeachers neededFor private* language school teaching, experienceunnecessary.Apply to : The Director of S

210、tudies, Instant Language Ltd,297 Canal Street, Roston.1. You are 26 years old and want to be a teacher. Youshould apply to.A. Cape Taxi B. Recruitment C. The Director ofStudies D. any of the three2. What prevents Jack, an experienced taxi driver; workingfor Capes Taxi?A. Fond of football B. Punished

211、 *for speedingand wrong parkingC. Unable to speak a foreign language D. Not havinga college education3. Ben, aged22, fond of swimming and driving, has justgraduated from a college. Which job might be given tohim?A. Driving for Cape Taxi.B. Working forSouthern AirlinesC. Teaching at Instant Languages

212、 Ltd. D. None ofthe three4. What prevents May, aged 25, becoming an airhostess?A. She once broke a traffic law and was fined. B.She can t speak Japanese very well.C. She has never worked as an air hostess before. D.She doesn1 t feel like working long hours flying abroad.5. Which of the following is

213、not mentioned *in the threeadvertisements?A. Marriage B. Male or female C. EducationD. Working experienceJFood is very important. Everyone needs to eat well ifhe or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds alsoneed a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge（ 知识） .When we are very young, we sta

214、rt getting knowledge.Young children like watching and listening . Color picturesespecially interest them. When children are older, theyenjoy reading. When something interests them, they loveasking questions.Our minds, like our bodies always need the best food.Studying on our own brings the most know

215、ledge.If someone is always telling us answers, we never learnwell. When we study correctly and get knowledge on ourtown, we learn more and understand better.l.Why does everyone need to eat well ? It can helpp e o p l e ?A. to be healthy B. to study well C. to enjoylearning D. to like color pictures2

216、. What kind of food do our bodies need? A.Pictures B. Books C. Rice D.Knowledge3. When do we start getting knowledge?A. When we are old B. When we are youngC. When we are students D. When we areteachers.4. Why do children like watching and listening ?A. They want to eat nice food B. They are tooyoun

217、g C. They have many color pictures D. Theyneed knowledge5. You wonz t learn well, if you.A. study on your own B. study correctlyC. ask questions D. are always told theanswersKNews 1:Two conjoined*twin sisters were separated*at a hospitalin Hebei Saturday. The two 40-day-old Chinese girls hadbeen joi

218、ned at the chest and abdomen *. Doctors stillworry about the younger one, who also has heart disease.They say she will have another operation after she fullygets well.News 2:FIRE broke out on the second floor of the busyfour-story Zhongbai Shopping Centre in Jilin city, Jilin,Sunday. As of Wednesday

219、, more than 50 people werekilled and over 70 injured *. Officials said the fire started inone of the shopping centre s storehouses.News 3:THE Chinese Embassy * in Iraq s capital Baghdad *reopened Monday. The embassy had been closed sincethe US-Iraq war began in March 2003. The last Chineseofficer le

220、ft Baghdad just three days before the war brokeout.News 4:HOW old can an insect be? 400 million years! LastWednesday, scientists found the world* s oldest insectfossil in Britain. The fossil shows that the body of theinsect was as big as a grain * of rice and had wings. In thepast, people thought th

221、e earliest insect was 380 millionyears old.1. What does News3 talk about?A. China s back in Iraq B. Shopping center fire C.That s an old bug D. It was a success2. The operation done on the two Chinese girls was. A. unsuccessful B. cruel C. successfulD. strange3. The fire in the shopping center start

222、edA. on the fourth floor B. in a storehouseC. on the third floor D. outside the centre4. The Chinese Embassy in Baghdad r e o p e n e d .A. when the US-Iraq war began B. before theUS-Iraq war endedC. three days before the war broke out D. on aMonday5. The new find of the insect fossil showed that th

223、e earliestinsect was years older than believed.A. 10 million B. 20 million C. 400 million D.380 millionLThe customs in different countries are rather different.If I have dinner with a Chinese host, he always puts morefood onto my plate as soon as I have emptied it. Thatoften discomforts me greatly .

224、 I have to eat the food evenif I donf t want to , because it is considered bad mannersin the West to leave one s food on the plate . I havealready noticed that when a Chinese sits at anAmerican, s dinner party, he very often refuses the offerof food or drink . In the United States , it is impolite t

225、okeep asking someone again and again or insist on hisaccepting something . Americans have a direct way ofspeaking . If they want something , they will ask for it. Ifnot, they will say, nNo ; thanks When an Americandoesn, t want beer, for example , he might say, No,thanks .1 II take some Diet Pepsi-C

226、ola if you have itThat is what an American will do .1. An American guest usually leaves nothing on the plate ,b e c a u s e .A. the host is very warm B. he is reallyhungry C. he is really full D. it is thought goodmanners2. A Chinese guest usually refuses the offer of foodb e c a u s e .A. the host

227、is not very warm B. he was taught todo soC. he is really full D. he was not in the Westat all3. An American host is likely to .A. keep asking his guest to eat more B. fill hisguest s plate with more foodC. say No, thanks D. stop giving theguest anything after the guest refuses something4. This passa

228、ge wants to tell us.A. Chinese people should learn from American peopleB. Chinese guests often discomfort their hostsC. American customs are better than Chinese onesD. when you go to the United States , you d better followtheir customs5. The best title for this passage is .A. Chinese Customs on Tabl

229、e B. Learnfrom Good MannersC. When in Rome , Do as the Romans Do D. GoodManners of Chinese People and American PeopleMDo you know what couch-potato means? Well, inAmerica, the word is now often used. The Americancouch-potato becomes maybe even a part of theAmerican tradition! You see, in America, ma

230、ny peopleoften spend their free time sitting on a couch（ 沙发）watching TV. As there are many channels to choose, theTV can be quite interesting and very addictive（ 上瘾的） .One may sit and watch TV for hour and hour without stop!Well, these people who do nothing all day exceptwatching TV are called couch

231、-potatoes.In America, when one watches TV, he is most oftensitting on a couch. While watching TV, most of thesepeople look so frozen that they almost look dead!Everyone is sitting still（ 静止的）with eyes looking right intothe same black box. Also because these people areaddictive to T4they don t take e

232、xercise and usually get very fat. So inmany ways, these people look like real potatoes!Well, because they look so still and fat, and watch TV ona couch, they are all called couch-potatoes.Now you know what couch-potato means. The next time ifyou see someone watching TV too long,just say, What a couc

233、h-potato!1. The word couch-potato is often used in. A.China B. America C. Japan D.France2. If a person is called a couch-potato, he or she.A. likes sitting on a couch watching TV B. doesnothing all dayC. must be very fat D. onlywatches TV and eats potatoes3. Why does a couch-potato look like a real

234、potato?Because he or she.A. almost never moves while watching TV and getsvery fat B. is fat and dying and can not take exerciseC. likes eating potatoes on a couch while watching TVD. is frozen in front of the black box4. The passage mainly tells us. A. how towatch TV B. why couch-potatoes arevery fa

235、t.C. what couch-potato means D. where thenew word is used5. Which of the following should be the writer7 ssuggestion(建议)？A. Take exercise. B. Never watch TV.C. Don t sit on a couch. D. Don t watch TV toomuch.NA School ReportName: Edward Scott (An Australian Boy) Grade: 7School: Kelvin Grove State Hi

236、gh School Term ending:6, MaySubjects:Mathematics: He is a little weak in this, but he has tried hisbest to catch up with others.Science: He can work out many difficulties. Well done.English: He is the best in the class. Keep it up.French: His reading is very good, he can remember manywords.History:

237、He is not so good at this, but has done betterthan before.Geography: He is familiar* with the names of many placesin the world.Music: He doesnz t like pop songs, though sings well.Conduct: fair No. in class: 9 Absences*: 8Remarks*: Edward has the ability to do a lot better. Morework is needed next t

238、erm.Class teacher: IvyPrincipal: M. L. Martin.School reopens: 11, September1. After reading this, we know this is _.A. a studying plan of Edward Scott B. ateaching plan of IvyC. a school report of Edward Scott D. aworking plan of M. L. Martin2. Which is the following is NOT mentioned in the form?A.

239、P. E B. Music C. MathematicsD. history3. Edward Scott s best subject i s. A. scienceB. English C. Geography D. French4. Edward is not so good at . A. science andgeography B. mathematics and historyC. history and FrenchD. music andEnglish5. According to the form, which of the following sentencesis TR

240、UE?A. Edward canz t sing songs very well.B. Edward doesnf t do well in science.C. Edward can do better if he works harder next term.D. Edward learns two foreign languages in school.OMa Lili s parents are going to give a birthday party forher. She s going to be fourteen years old . Ma Lili has alot o

241、f friends. They are going to come to the party. Theyare girls from Ma Lili s school. There are twenty-five ofthem.Ma Lili, s mother is making birthday cakes for theparty. They are very nice cakes. Ma Lili says to her mother;“Mum, you re very nice. Thank you for your nicecakes Her father is going sho

242、pping. He buys a lot ofapples, bananas, oranges and pears .It s four o clock in the afternoon. Now everything isready. The party begins in thirty minutes .1. Who is going to give Ma Lili a birthday party ? A. MaLili B. Her friends . C. Her teacher. D .Her parents .2. How many people are coming to Ma

243、 Lili s party ? A.Two. B. Twenty. C. Twenty-one. D.Twenty-five .3. Her mother for her party. A. is making cakesB. is shopping C. is buying apples D. makes a cake4. How old is Ma Lili going to be ? A. 12 B. 13C. 14 D. 205. What time does the party begin?A. At four. B .At half past four. C. After five

244、 o* clock D.At about six o clockPIn England , people donz t usually talk much. You cango on a bus, or in a train, and everyone sits looking out ofthe window. Often they read. They read books and papers,but they don, t talk much .When you meet English people, they often talk about onething, the weath

245、er. So When you meet somebody inEngland , you can say, “Nice weather for the time ofyear!“But it was a little cold yesterday/ somebody mayanswer. But it got a bit warmer later; you can say.Talk like this, and the English will think, “How friendly youare !1. English people often on a bus. A. talk muc

246、hB .talk about C. eat something D .read papers2. When you meet English people, talk like this:A. How do you do! B .How are you ! C.Nice weather! D. Nice to meet you !3. If you talk with the English people about the weather,they will t h i n k .A. you are friendly B. you are right C. you areEnglish D

247、. you talk too much4. English people always hope the weather will get .A. better B. worse C. colderD .hotter5. Which is right ? A. English people like to talk on abus. B. English people didnz t enjoy the best weather.C. English people are the most friendly. D. Englishpeople don, t talk much .QHuaihu

248、a Foreign Language SchoolLi Nan Teacher of EnglishYingfeng Street, Huaihua, ChinaTel:0745 - 2709348 Fax:0745 - 2709456E - mail:LBP:1240822018 Zip code:418000Red Star FarmZhang Hui FarmerShangping Village, Zhejiang 419100Tel:0745 - 682619413973098479 (mobile)BP:1270803706Daqing Children, s HospitalLi

249、u Hong Doctor12 Xingling Road, Changchun, Jilin130027Tel: 0431 - 564597213704358529(mobile)Fax: 0431 - 5768904 E - maikcclh 163 . comLiantai Taxi CompanyYang Jun Driver235 St . Tongzhi, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310007Tel: 0571 - 7038385 Fax: 0571 -7065834E - maikhzyj 163 . comBP:19923016361. We can learn E

250、nglish f r om. A. Yang Jun B.Zhang Hui C. Liu Hong D. Li Nan2. You may telephone for help if your youngerbrother or sister is ill.A. the police B. Liu Hong C. Li Nan D.Zhang Hui3. We can call when we want to take a taxi toHangzhou Railway Station .A. 13973098479 B.0745 - 2709348 C.1992301636 D. 1370

251、43585294. Of the four, w e can t send fax to t he. A.driver B. teacher C. doctor D. farmer5. If you have some questions about your youngerbrother7 s or sister1 s health, please send an E-mailto.A. Linan B. cclh C. hzyj D. hhMRRanch. It was near Los Angeles in California. A fewyears later Hollywoo

252、d was one of the famous places in theworld. From the At the beginning of the 20th centurythere was a big farm called Hollywood 1910 s to the1950 s, Hollywood was the film center of the world.Every family knew the names of its film starsCharlieChaplin, Greta Garbo, Bergman and hundreds more.The reaso

253、n why people went to Hollywood to makefilms was the sun. At first, people made films in New Yorkon the east coast of the United States.But then they heard about Los Angeles, where thereare 350 days of the sun every year. As they made all thefilms by sunlight, west coast was a much better place towor

254、k. Also near Hollywood you can find mountains andsea and desert. They did not have to travel far to make anykind of film.When TV became popular, Hollywood started makingfilms for television. Then in the 1970 s they discovered,people still went to cinema to see big expensive films.After twenty years

255、they are still making films in Hollywoodand people see them all over the world.1. Hollywood used to be a. A. cinema B. bigfarm C. park D. market2. In the 1910 s Hollywood became a.A. famous theatre B. good place to have holidaysC. film center D. home for stars3. Who was not mentioned（ 提至I ）as a film

256、 star in thepassage ?.A. Charlie Coplin B. Marily MonroeC. Bergman D. Greta Garbo4. People went to Hollywood to make films b e c a u s e .A. it was a beautiful place B. you can findmany film stars C. there was a lot of sunlight there D.it was a famous place5. Which statement（ 说法）is true ?.A. The Wes

257、t Coast was a better place to make filmsB. There are no mountains near HollywoodC. People no longer went to cinema after televisionbecame popularD. Hollywood began to make films for television afterthe First World War初一英语下比较级与最高级撰 稿 ： 贾巍 审校： 李伟清责 编 ： 牛新阁知识讲解在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词: 在形容词或副词前加more (如 more nat

258、ural, more clearly)或力口后缀-er (newer,sooner )o典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中， 将比较两个主体的方法叫做比较句型。其中 ， 像 A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级； 而A最的表达方式则称为最高级。 组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1 . 一般单音节词和少数以-er ,-ow结尾的双音节词， 比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;( 1 )单音节词如 ：small-smallersmallest short-shorter一shortesttall-ta

259、llertallestg reatg reater-*g reatest（ 2 ） 双音节词如 ：clevercleverercleverest narrow *narrower-*narrowest2 . 以不发音e 结尾的单音节词， 比较在原级后加- r , 最高级在原级后加-s t;如 ：largelargerlargest nicenicer-nicest ableablerablest3 . 在重读闭音节（ 即 ： 辅音+ 兀音+ 辅音） 中 ， 先双写末尾的辅音字母， 比较级加-e r, 最高级加-e st;如 ：bigbigger-biggest hothotterhottest

260、 fat-fatterfattest4 . 以辅音字母+ v 结尾的双音节词，把 y 改为i , 比较级加-e r, 最局） 级加-e st;如 ：easyeasiereasiestbusy-busier-busiesthappiestheavy-*heavier heaviesthappy-happier一5 . 其他双音节词和多音节词， 比较级在前面加more ,最高级在前面加most;如 ：beautiful moredifferentmorebeautiful most beautifuldifferent most differenteasily-moreeasilymost eas

261、ily注意:( 1 )形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the ,副词最高级刖可不用。例:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2 )形容词most前面没有the , 不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常。例 :It is a most important problem. =It is a veryimportant problem.6. 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的， 必须熟记。如 ：good-*better-*best well-betterbestbadworseworst illworseworstold -older/e

262、lder-oldest/eldestmany/much-moremost littleless-leastfar further/farther- furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1 . A + be + 形容词比较级+ than + B 意 思 为 A比B更如 ：This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。注 意 ： 在 含 有 连 词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一 范 畴 ， 即同类事物之间的比较。在比较级前面使用much , 表示程度程度强得多。如 :A watermelon is much

263、bigger than an apple.very, quite一般只能修饰原级， 不能修饰比较级。2 . 比 较 级 + and +比 较 级 或more and more + 原级表示越来越如 ：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了， 天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的

264、学校变得越来越美丽。3 . 在含有or的选择疑问句中， 如果有两者供选择， 前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如 ：Who is taller, Tim or Tom?谁 更 高 ，Tim 还是 Tom?4 . the + 比较级,the+比较级 ， 表 示 越 越The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多， 花得越多。The sooner, the better.越快越好。5 .表示倍数的比较级用法： .A is .times the size /height/length/width of B.如 ：The new building is

265、 three times the height of the oldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（ 新楼是旧楼的四倍高）. A is .times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如 ：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（ 亚洲比欧洲大三倍）. A is .times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如 ：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6 .形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或

266、三者以上人或事物的比较， 表示 最 的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语, 如 ：of the three, in ourclass等等。如 ：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7 . 否定词语+ 比较级 ， 否定词语+ so. as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8 .比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is m

267、ore intelligent than any other student in hisclass.7. 修饰比较级和最高级的词1 ）可修饰比较级的词 . a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot,lots, a great deal, any,still, even 等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 . 以 上 词 （ 除by far）外 ， 必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注 意 ：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（ 错）Tom is the tallest of his three bro

268、thers.（ 又 寸 ）Tom is the tallest of the four brothers.2 ）下列词语可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly,almostoThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注 意 ：a. very可修饰最高级， 但位置与much不同。This is the very best. This is much the best.b .序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.8 . 要避免重复使用比较级。（ 错）He is more

269、cleverer than his brother.（ 对）He is more clever than his brother.8寸 ）He is cleverer than his brother.9 . 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（ 错）China is larger that any country in Asia.（ 又 寸 ）China is larger than any other country in Asia.10 . 要注意对应句型， 遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that ofBeijing.I

270、t is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11 . 要注意冠词的使用， 后有名词的时候， 前面才有可能有名词。比 较 ：Which is larger; Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.三 . 典型例题1) Are you f e e lin g ?-Yes , Im fine now.A. a

271、ny well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答 案 ：Be any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2 ) The experiment was easier than we hadexpected.A. more B. much more C. much D.more much答 案 ：Co much可修饰比较级， 因此B , C都说得通， 但easier本身已是比较级, 不需more ,因此C为正确答案。3 ) If there were no examinations, we should have _at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happiertime答 案 ：D。 与 有考试的日子 比较， 是两者比较， 用比较 级 ；much可修饰比较级，more不 行 ， 因此选Do句 意 ： 如果没有考试， 我们在学校应该要快乐的多。忽略此处. .