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1、专项专项 8 8 副副 词词考点考点1 1 副词的词义辨析副词的词义辨析一、一、how longhow long，how soonhow soon，how often how often 和和how far(how far(具体讲具体讲解见本书解见本书P38)P38)二、二、hardhard和和hardlyhardlyhard意为“努力地，费力地，猛力地，猛烈地”，是程度副词；hardly意为“几乎不”，常用作频度副词。如：We should study hard as students.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。She hardly ever calls me.她几乎从未给我来过电话。三、
2、三、alreadyalready，yetyet和和stillstillalready表示事情已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句，still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Weve already watched that movie.我们已经看过那部电影。I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。He still works hard every night.每天晚上他仍然努力工作。四、四、agoago和和beforebeforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，和表示时间概
3、念的词组搭配使用，常用在一般过去式的句子中。before指已过去的某一时刻为基准的“以前”，也可泛指以前，常用于现在完成时和过去完成时的句子中。如：The meeting began five minutes ago.会议5分钟前开始了。I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前从未去过苏州。考点考点2 2 副词的比较等级副词的比较等级 1. 1.构成构成( (请参见形容词比较等级的变化方法请参见形容词比较等级的变化方法) ) 2 2不规则变化表不规则变化表原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittle(
4、稍许)lessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest3.3.用法用法(1)在两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原级as”结构外，还可使用“less副词原级than”结构。如： Bill didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim.Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.比尔做作业没有吉姆认真。(2)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。八年真题八年真题全练全练 菏泽中考中对副词的考查主要集中在词义
5、辨析上。其中单项填空涉及较多，主要考查频度副词或关系副词辨析；完形填空主要考查副词在语境中的运用。故在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给的选项。对于副词的比较等级，近几年中考题中均没有涉及，但未来中考可能考到，所以仍需掌握其构成与用法。考点考点1 1 副词词义辨析副词词义辨析12015菏泽，30_A_A_ will your brother come back?Im not sure.Maybe in a week.AWhenBHowCWhether22014菏泽，14Look at the flowers I gave you last month.They are dying！_B_B_d
6、o you water them?Sorry，I forgot to water them.AHow long BHow oftenCHow soon DHow much32013菏泽，4Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone?No.I _A_A_ do that because it makes me uncomfortable.Aseldom BoftenCusually Dsometimes42013菏泽，12The World Health Organization has given some advice on _A_A_ t
7、o protect us from being infected (感染) with H7N9.Ahow Bwhat Cwhere Dwhen52012菏泽，6My friend Frank sings well，and he is _B_B_ good at playing guitar.Anot Balso Cyet Dtoo62012菏泽，12Steve，_D_D_do you play basketball after school?Twice a week.It can keep me healthy.Ahow far Bhow soonChow long Dhow often720
8、10菏泽，24I _D_D_ ride a bike to school.But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late.Anever BsometimesCseldom Dusually82010菏泽，29We havent decided _D_D_ well go to Shanghai next week.Awhere Bwhen Cwhy Dhow92010菏泽，32_C_C_ can we get there?In five minutes.AHow often BHow farCHow soon DHow long猜押预测
9、猜押预测1In order to pass the exam，you need to work much _now.AhardBharderChardest2Who plays the piano_，Sam or Jerry?Jerry.But he gave the performance chance to Sam this time.Awell Bbetter Cbest3Lin Fang comes home _than before this afternoon.She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon.Aearlier Bla
10、ter Cearly4Who listens _，Tom，Jack or Bill?Athe most careful Bmore carefullyCthe most carefully5Though he has studied Russian _ for ten months，he can _speak the language.Ahard；hardly Bhardly；hard Chard；hardB BB BA AC CA A6What happened outside just now?A car hit a man._，the man wasnt badly hurt.ALuck
11、ily BUnluckily CEspecially7Did John get Number 1 in the math exam?Yes，no one did so _as him.Agood Bwell Cbetter8Its best to stay indoors，_ when PM2.5 reaches dangerous levels.Aexactly Bpossibly Cespecially9Another person was hurt by the tiger in the zoo.What a pity! That is a lesson to us；we must ta
12、ke rules _Aquickly Bclearly Cseriously10To our surprise，the computer _ won the chess game against the human player.Acertainly Busually CfinallyA AB BC CC CC C专项专项 9 9 动动 词词高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 系动词系动词 系动词本身有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语部分，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。类别类别功能功能例词例词表示状态的系动词表示主语所处的状态be表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份
13、或状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官的系动词表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化的系动词表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，turn 【注意注意】1.一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态。 2表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得越来越暖和。考点考点2 2 情态动词情态动词 情态动词有一定的词义，但它本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅是表达说话人的态度，在句中和实义
14、动词一起构成谓语。情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句can表示能力，意为“能，会”He can speak English well.他英语讲得很好。表示推测，意为“可能”。常用于否定句或疑问句She cant be at home now.她现在不可能在家。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？couldcan的过去式，意为“能，会”。表示过去的能力Tom could play the piano well when he was young.汤姆小时候钢琴弹得非常好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have a cup of t
15、ea？我可以要杯茶吗？情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句must表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”You must finish your homework first.你必须先完成你的家庭作业。表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”The book must be Marys because her name was on it.这本书一定是玛丽的，因为书上有她的名字。should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”,You may sit here if you
16、 want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能，也许”She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句mightmay的过去式,He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。考点考点3 3 动词词义辨析动词词义辨
17、析1.1.语境辨析语境辨析近几年菏泽，对动词的考查主要为语境辨析，需要学生通过阅读题干辨别选项的不同意思，从而结合常识选出正确的选项。2 2近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析在菏泽近几年的中考中几乎都涉及到，在写作中也常常面临选词的难题，所以掌握常见的近义词的用法是很有必要的。常见的易混近义词如下：(1)seperate与divide(见P112)(2)accept与receive(见P102)(3)win与beat(见P41)(4)spend，take，cost与pay (见P29)(5)forget与leave(见P23)(6)raise与rise(见P62)(7)borrow，lend 与k
18、eep(见P67)考点考点4 4 动词短语动词短语动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，常见的动词短语结构有：1 1动词介词动词介词(宾语只能放在介词后)；2 2动词副词动词副词(宾语是名词时，位于副词前后皆可；宾语是代词时，只能位于动词和副词之间)；3 3动词副词介词动词副词介词(宾语只能放在介词后)；4 4动词名词介词动词名词介词(宾语只能放在介词后)。八年真题八年真题全练全练 分析近几年的菏泽中考试题可看出，主要在单项填空中考查动词，涉及动词的词义辨析、动词短语、情态动词、系动词等。完形填空中也涉及实义动词的辨析，综合填空中则是对动词时态的考查。设题形式为简单句。情态动词是菏泽的必考点，主要
19、考查其基本用法和词义辨析。预计在2018年依旧会考到动词词义辨析、动词固定短语及情态动词。考点考点1 1 系动词和助动词系动词和助动词1.2016菏泽，24Oh，no! I cant find my mobile phone!Well，where _C_C_ you last put it?AhaveBdoCdid22014菏泽，4How do you like the fish I cooked for you?I havent had it yet.However，it _A_A_ good.Asmells Btastes Csounds Dfeels考点考点2 2 情态动词情态动词320
20、17菏泽，26Life is valuable，so we should always remember safety_B_B_ come first wherever we are.AcanBmustCmay42015菏泽，32How do you usually go to school?My school is far away.I _C_C_ take the bus to school.AmustBmightChave to52014菏泽，11Look，someone left a book.Oh，yeah.This book _B_B_be Kittys.Only she like
21、s to read this kind of books.Acan Bmust Cmay Dmight62013菏泽，9Can we run across the road now?No，we _B_B_We have to wait until the light turns green.Aneednt BmustntCcouldnt Dshouldnt72012菏泽，10Excuse me，can you tell me the way to the Peoples Park? Walk along this road and turn right，and the park is on y
22、our right.You _D_D_ miss it.Aneednt BmustntCmay not Dwont82011菏泽，34Will you stay for some more days?Sorry，I C C My mother called to ask me to go back at once.Amustnt Bmay notCcant Dwouldnt考点考点3 3 动词词义辨析动词词义辨析92016菏泽，26Lets get Laurie a gift for his birthday.OK.Shall we _B_B_ a book online for him? A
23、affordBorderCoffer102015菏泽，24While I was away from my home last year，I always_C_C_ my family.AguessedBthoughtCmissed112015菏泽，31More and more children in the countryside are _B_B_ school at an early age to look for work in the cities.Agoing toBleavingCbeginning122013菏泽，8You are _D_D_to type quickly w
24、hen talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored.Asuggested Bsupported Ctaught Dsupposed132012菏泽，7As one of the school rules，middle school students are not _C_C_ to smoke.Aordered BrefusedCallowed Dforbidden142011菏泽，25Mary is tired of learning because she is_B_B_ to do better tha
25、n she can，both at school and at home.Athought BexpectedChoped Dhelped152010菏泽，25Im sorry，I didnt _A_A_ you clearly.Would you say it again?Ahear Bnotice Csee Dwatch考点考点4 4 动词短语动词短语162017菏泽，28You spend too much time on your mobile phone.You are supposed to_B_B_the time you spend on it.Acut offBcut dow
26、nCcut up172016菏泽，29Today，WeChat(微信)becomes very popular，and more and more people like to use it to_B_B_ each other.Adepend on Bcommunicate with Cbelieve in182015菏泽，28Helen is going to work in an old peoples home to help _B_B_ the old people.Alook forward to Blook after Clook through192014菏泽，12“Learn
27、ing from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now.We need to _A_A_ a plan about it.Acome up with Bput up Ccall up Dset up202013菏泽，10Why do you collect so many old bikes?Ill have them _C_C_ and give away to the children who dont have bikes.Aused up Bgiven upCfixed up Dset up212012菏泽，13Whenever I see
28、the birds，Ill _B_B_ flying in the sky.Athink up Bdream ofCwork on Dpick up222011菏泽，30Last year was a hard time to my friend Jim，but he didnt D D hope.Apick up Buse up Cput up Dgive up232010菏泽，33He never A A no matter how many difficulties he has.Agives up Bgives inCworks out Dgoes away猜押预测猜押预测1The a
29、ir _fresh after the rain.And the sky is blue.AfeelsBtastesCsmells2How do you like Li Yundi?A cool guy! His music _ really beautiful.Atastes Bsounds Csmells3We _pay to get into the concert.Its free.Acant Bmustnt Cdont have to4The British Museum is very serious.Visitors _ keep quiet.Amay Bmight CmustC
30、 CB BC CC C5I have been to the moon twice.You _be joking! Its impossible!Acan Bmay Cmust6Must I hand in the report now?No，you _Tomorrow is OK.Acant Bneednt Cmustnt7He _be in the classroom，I think.No，he_be in the classroom.I saw him go home a minute ago.Acan；may not Bmust；may notCmay；cant8Ive no idea
31、 where to go next month.Why not_visiting Beijing？There are so many places of interest there.Asuggest Bwonder CconsiderC CB BC CC C9They walked home last night because they couldnt_to take a taxi.Aleave Bbuy Cafford10Come home before dinner time，Peter.I _，Mom.Apromise Bguess Cwish11The company can _l
32、unch for you if you work here.Afeed Bprovide Chave12Could I _ your iPad，Alice?Of course.Here you are.Alend Bkeep CborrowC CA AB BC C13Its cold outside today.Youd better _your jacket.Aput on Bput up Cput away14Be quiet，boys and girls! Its time for class，_Unit 3 in your books.Alook out Blook at Clook
33、after15Dont _too late，or youll feel sleepy in class.Awake up Bget up Cstay up16We shouldnt _our hopes at any time.Everything will be better.Acheer up Bfix up Cgive upA AB BC CC C专项专项 1010 非谓语动词非谓语动词高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式 一、动词不定式的功能一、动词不定式的功能功能功能例句例句作主语To learn English well is important for u
34、s.学好英语对我们来说很重要。作表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。作宾语(包括疑问词动词不定式)Have you decided to go on a trip to Beijing this summer holiday？你决定今年暑假去北京旅行吗？作定语I am not free now.I have a lot of work to do.我现在没空。我有很多要做的工作。功能功能例句例句作状语They will go to the station to meet their friend.他们将去车站接他们的朋友。作
35、宾语补足语He told me to turn down the TV.他告诉我把电视机的音量调小。 【拓展拓展】常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，want，teach，wish，help，warn等。 如：He wants me to be a doctor in the future.他想让我将来成为一名医生。 常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at；使役动词let，make，have等。如：What makes you happy？什么让你高兴？二、
36、动词不定式常用句型二、动词不定式常用句型1 1too.to.too.to.表示表示“太太而不能而不能”如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。2 2enough to.enough to.表示表示“足够足够”如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年纪了。3 3Why donWhy dont yout youdo sth.do sth.Why not do sth.Why not do sth.？表？表示示“为什么不做为什么不做？”如：Why dont you get her
37、a scarf？Why not get her a scarf？为什么不给她买条围巾呢？4 4had betterhad better(not)(not)do sth.do sth.，表示，表示“最好最好( (不不) )做某做某事事”如：Youd better not stay here today.你今天最好别待在这里。5 5Will you pleaseWill you pleasedo sth.do sth.？表示？表示“请你做请你做，好吗？好吗？”如：Will you please close the door？请你把门关上好吗？6 6prefer to do sth.rather t
38、han do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.，表示，表示“宁宁愿做某事而不愿做某事愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：She prefers to receive a small gift rather than get a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份小礼物也不愿意得到一大笔钱。7 7It takes sb.some time to do sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示表示“某人花一某人花一些时间做某事些时间做某事”如：It takes me 3 hours to repair the TV s
39、et.我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。8 8It isIt isadj.adj.for sb.to do sth.for sb.to do sth.表示表示“对某人来说对某人来说做某事是做某事是”如：It is hard for the young boy to carry the heavy box.对这个小男孩来说，搬动这个重箱子是困难的。考点考点2 2 动名词动名词动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 一、动名词的功能一、动名词的功能功能功能例句例句作主语Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用处。作表语My greatest pleasur
40、e is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。作宾语She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。作定语There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。 二、常跟动名词的词二、常跟动名词的词( (组组) )有：有：finish doing sth.做完某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事be used to doing sth.习惯做某
41、事give up doing sth.放弃做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事miss doing sth.错过做某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事avoid doing sth.避免做某事look forward to doing sth.期待做某事stop/prevent/keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事be g
42、ood at doing sth.擅长做某事succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 【拓展拓展】有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：八年真题八年真题全练全练 分析近几年的菏泽中考试题，对非谓语动词考查较少。预计2018年菏泽中考的单项填空和完形填空对非谓语动词的考查可能性很小。但这一部分仍为英语语法中的基础与重点，考生在复习时也不能忽视对这一知识点的掌握。考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式2017菏泽，29Have you decided when _C_C_？Yes，tomorrow morning.Awill you leaveBare you
43、 leavingCto leave猜押预测猜押预测1People who wont work should be made _.AworkBto workCworking2People plant more bamboo _ pandas.Ahelp Bto help Chelped3What happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom？It often makes us _Ajump Bto jump Cjumping4We advise p
44、arents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.Anot leave Bnot to leave Cleave5Its difficult for me _my homework in such a short time.Come on! Im sure you can.Afinished Bto finish Cwill finishB BB BA AB BB B6Have you finished_the storybook?Yes，I have.Ato read Bread Cread
45、ing7Dad，Im really tired and hungry.Why not stop _ and eat some cookies?Ato do your homeworkBdo your homeworkCdoing your homework8Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his parttime job.Ahelping Bhelped Cto help9Would you mind _ now？Its already midnight.Sorry，I wont.Anot singing Bnot to sing Cd
46、ont sing10Is Jack in the next room?Well，its hard to say.But I heard him _ loudly when I passed by just now.Aspeak Bto speak CspeakingC CC CA AA AC C专项专项 1111 动词的时态动词的时态高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 动词的时态动词的时态1.1.一般现在时一般现在时意义：(1)现阶段经常性或习惯性动作。(2)目前的状态。(3)客观真理。构成：be动词用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词在词尾加s或es；其他人称和数用动词原
47、形。时间标志词：often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week / month / year等。如：He usually leaves for school at 7：00 in the morning.他通常早上7点去学校。2 2一般过去时一般过去时意义：(1)过去发生的动作。(2)过去存在的状态。构成：be动词用was/were；其他动词用过去式。时间标志词：just now，.ago，in过去的年份，last night/week/month，yesterday，the other day等。如：We
48、went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。3 3一般将来时一般将来时意义：(1)将来发生的动作。(2)将来存在的状态。构成：(1)助动词will(shall)动词原形。(2)am/is/are going to动词原形。时间标志词：tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month等。如：I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天我将在校门口见你。在时间和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
49、。4 4现在进行时现在进行时意义：说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。构成：am/is/arev.ing。时间标志词：now，at present，at the moment，look，listen等。如：The bell is ringing.Could you open the door？门铃响了。你能开下门吗？表示位移的动词：go，come，leave 等用现在进行时表示将来。5 5过去进行时过去进行时意义：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。构成：was/werev.ing。时间标志词：at 9：00 last night，at that time，表示过去的时间状语从句等。如：I was
50、 reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when 或while 引导的时间状语从句中出现。6 6现在完成时现在完成时意义：(1)到现在为止已经完成的动作，且对现在还有影响。(2)从过去开始延续到现在或有可能会继续的动作或状态。构成：have/has动词的过去分词。时间标志词：yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，
51、ever，never，since时间点，for一段时间。如：He has only been to the Great Wall once.他只去过一次长城。【注意注意】 since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。八年真题八年真题全练全练 在菏泽中考中，动词的时态是单项填空中的高频考点。其语境设置灵活，多数题没有明显的时间状语来提示，需要通过分析另一语句来判断时态，淡化了依据时间状语来判断时态的考查方式。从近几年的试题看，一般过去时、进行时和完成时三种时态为常考点。一般现在时和将来时在近几年的中考试题中从未涉及，预计2018年菏泽中考会有所涉及。考点考点1
52、 1 过去时过去时12014菏泽，7Have you finished your homework yet?Yes.I _B_B_ it twenty minutes ago.Ahave finished BfinishedCwill finish Dhad finished22011菏泽，28This morning I had hardly got to my school when it_C_C_ to rain.Ahad begun Bwas beginningCbegan Dbegins32010菏泽，34Its dangerous to swim here.Look at the
53、sign.Oh，I _D_D_ notice it.Thanks for telling me.Ahavent Bwont Cdont Ddidnt考点考点1 1 进行时进行时4.2015菏泽，33Hi，Wang Ning! Hows the weather in Heze now?It is terrible.It _B_B_ all the morning.Arains Bis raining Crained52014菏泽，10Look，so many people are running out of the station.I wonder what _C_C_.Ais happene
54、d Bwas happeningCis happening Dhad happened62013菏泽，11Linda，I called you this morning，but nobody answered the phone.Im sorry.I _D_D_ football with my friends then.Aplay BplayedCam playing Dwas playing72011菏泽，33Why didnt you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon?I B B my mother with the hous
55、ework then.Ahelped Bwas helpingChad helped Dhave been helping82010菏泽，26Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry，I cant.I _C_C_ my homework.Ado BdidCam doing Dwas doing考点考点1 1 完成时完成时92012菏泽，11Our foreign teacher Mr.Green _A_A_ us English since three years ago.Ahas taught Bis teachingCtaught Dteaches102010菏泽，
56、28My friend Li Xiao knows my hometown very well because he _A_A_ there many times with me.Ahas been Bhas goneChad gone Dwent猜押预测猜押预测1Sorry，Tom.I cant find the book you _me.Its OK.I dont need it at all.AlendBhave lentClent2Did you call Jenny?Oh，no.I forgot.I _her right away.Awill call Bcalled Ccall3P
57、lease dont make so much noise.The baby _now.Asleeps Bis sleeping Cslept4She_five hundred English words so far.Ahas learned Blearned Cis learning5My mother _dinner when I got home yesterday.Ahas cooked Bwas cooking Cwill cookC CA AB BA AB B6What does your mother do? She is a teacher.She _history in a
58、 middle school.Ataught Bteaches Cwill teach7Grandpa_glasses when he reads.Awears Bwore Chas worn8Just go down this road and you _the library next to the bank.Asee Bsaw Cwill see9They _to us as soon as they arrive in Beijing.Awrite Bwill write CwroteB BA AC CB B专项专项 1212 动词的语态动词的语态高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1
59、 各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态时态时态构成构成例句例句一般现在时am/is/are过去分词English is spoken by most people in the world.世界上大多数人说英语。一般过去时was/were过去分词I was told to come early.我被告知要早来。一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词The bridge will be finished in two weeks.这座桥两周后竣工。情态动词情态动词be过去分词Lots of stars can be seen in the sky at night.晚上在天空中会看到很多星星
60、。考点考点2 2 常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语的句子多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。 如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear (see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard (seen) to do sth.。如：We heard the girl play the pian
61、o in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室里弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let，have 等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.。如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do mu
62、ch homework by the teacher every day.老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。考点考点3 3 主动形式表被动意义的情况主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)动词open，read，sell，write等作不及物动词，且他们的主语为物时。如：The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好用。(2)某些系动词(smell，look，taste，feel，sound)描述某物特性时。如：This kind of flower smells sweet.这种花闻起来很香。(3)doing表示被动意义。be worth doing sth.。如：This movie is w
63、orth watching.这部电影值得一看。need/repair doing sth.need/repairto be done.。如：Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be washed.你的汽车该洗了。八年真题八年真题全练全练 动词的语态在近几年的单项填空中出现的比例不是很大，在对被动语态的考查中，一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态为考查重点。预计2018年中考将在具体语言环境中考查这几种动词语态。考点考点1 1 一般现在时一般现在时12017菏泽，27I heard music an
64、d art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school(中考)Yes.But dont worry.Nothing will be difficult if more attention_C_C_to them.Awill payBwill be paidCis paid22016菏泽，28When you go abroad，youll find that so many products in local shops _C_C_ in China.Amake Bhave made Care made猜押预测猜押预测1In
65、order to make Dandong more beautiful，more trees and flowers _ every year.Awill plant Bshould plantCshould be planted2The novel _ by many people today.Ais read Bare read Creads3Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theater _ in September this year.Acompletes Bis completedCwill be completed4Pukou Railway St
66、ation _in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.Abuild Bis built Cwas builtC CA AC CC C5Lily，will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure.Because I_ so far.Ahavent invited Bwasnt invitedChavent been invited6Look! The workers are building t
67、he highspeedrailway station.It _soon.Ahas completed Bis completedCwill be completed7More schools in Heze _ to provide children with better education in a few years.Abuilt Bare built Cwill be built8Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they_ to drive a car.Aare allowed Bwill be allowed CallowC CC
68、CC CA A专项专项 1313 句子的种类句子的种类考点考点1 1 感叹句感叹句引导词引导词结构结构例句例句what Whata/an形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！What a beautiful present it is！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！What lovely boys they are！多么可爱的男孩啊！howHow形容词/副词主语谓语！How fine the weather is！天气真好啊！How形容词a/an可数名词单数！How beautiful a present! 多么漂亮的礼物啊！考点考点2 2 there be th
69、ere be 句型句型1.There besb./sth.地点，表示“某处有某人或某物”。be 动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个及两个以上的主语，be动词一般和邻近主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。2There besb./sth.地点，句型的否定形式是在be 动词后加not，not any，no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。3there be 句型的将来时态为“there will/be going to b
70、e”。 如：There is going to be a sports meeting tomorrow.明天将有一场运动会。考点考点3 3 疑问句疑问句1.1.一般疑问句一般疑问句以系动词、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes/no来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。2 2特殊疑问句特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，不能用yes/no回答。用法：what询问职业身份；who询问身份；whose询问所属；which询问特定的人或物；when询问时间；where询问地点，位置；why询问原因；how询问方式。 选择疑问句不用yes/no来回答，可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式回答，也可用不定代词
71、all，either，neither或none作答，只要根据实际情况作答便可。如：Do you like apples or pears？你喜欢苹果还是梨？Apples.苹果。 4 4反意疑问句反意疑问句意义：附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫反意疑问句，一般由两部分组成：陈述句简略问句。基本原则：前肯后否；前否后肯；前后(人称、时态)一致。3 3选择疑问句选择疑问句 概念概念形式形式用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫选择疑问句一般疑问句一个选择对象or另一个选择对象？ 特殊疑问句一个选择对象or另一个选择对象？ 反意疑问句中的特殊形式：(1)若陈述句中含有否定副词never“从
72、不，决不”，hardly“几乎不”或其他表示否定的代词或副词，如：nothing，none，no one，nobody，neither，few，little，seldom等，则附加问句只能用肯定形式。(2)陈述句是I think/I suppose/I believe/I consider等结构时，问句一般与从句保持一致。注意“否定前移”。(3)祈使句的反意疑问句分两种情况：Lets do something，shall we? 其他形式，will you?(4)陈述句主语是不定代词something/anything/everything/nothing等时，反问句中代词用it；陈述句主语是
73、somebody/someone/anybody/anyone/everybody/everyone等时，反问句中代词用they或he，注意问句中动词的单复数应与they/he保持一致。考点考点4 4 祈使句祈使句形式形式结构结构例句例句肯定形式(Please)动词原形Put away your things.把你的东西收起来。Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我讲。肯定形式Do动词原形(加强语气，表示“务必，一定”)Do come on time！一定要准时来。Let宾语动词原形Lets have another try.让我们再试试。否定形式Dont动词原
74、形Dont open the window.不要打开窗子。No名词/动名词No photos！禁止拍照！No parking！禁止停车！Dont let宾语动词原形Let宾语not动词原形Dont let him go there alone.Let him not go there alone.不要让他独自去那儿。八年真题八年真题全练全练 在菏泽近几年的中考中只有2010、2012、2014、2015、2016单项填空中考查了疑问句，其他形式的简单句并未涉及到。但是作为主要的语法内容之一，在复习备考中也要重视各种句式的特点及变化，会运用疑问句、祈使句和there be句型。考点考点 疑问句疑
75、问句2015菏泽，30_A_A_will your brother come back?Im not sure.Maybe in a week.AWhenBHowCWhether猜押预测猜押预测1_ fine weather we have today!AWhat a BHow CWhat2_ pale you look! Are you feeling all right?Im not feeling well.Ive got a toothache.AHow BWhat CHow aC CA A3Wow，Ive got an A in my math test._ great news i
76、t is!AWhat BHow CWhat a4_ dangerous it is for a child to swim alone in a river!AWhat BWhat a CHow5Wow！_beautiful the music is!Yes.Thats my favorite.AWhat BWhat a CHow6Whats the matter，Jenny?_ something wrong with my bike.AIt is BThere is CI have7There _ a speech contest next Monday.Awill have Bare C
77、will beA AC CC CB BC C8We ordered beef noodles，but _ any beef in the noodles.Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.Athere isntBthere isCthere arent9We have to finish the work now，_？Adont we Bhavent we Chave we10Did you go to the zoo or stay at home this morning?_AYes，I went to the zoo.BNo，I s
78、tay at home.CI went to the zoo.11_ your books and look at the blackboard.AClose BClosed CClosing12_ in the sun.Its bad for your eyes.ANot to read BTo not readCDont readA AA AC CA AC C专项专项 1414 复合句复合句考点考点1 1 宾语从句宾语从句 构成规则及用法构成规则及用法例句例句连接词that本身无意义，一般可以省略He said (that) he would go to the countryside.他
79、说他要去乡村。 连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)在从句中作一定的成分，如：作主语、宾语、定语等I dont know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。He asked me whose the book was.他问我这是谁的书。连接副词(when/where/why/how等)在从句中作状语Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校的。if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不能省略，句尾有or not 用whetherHe asked me whether
80、Miss Gao was a teacher or not.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。 构成规则及用法构成规则及用法例句例句语序一律使用陈述语序Do you know where Tom lives？你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？时态三大原则需要性原则：主句为现在时，从句根据实际情况使用时态I hear Jane left/will leave for Beijing yesterday/tomorrow.我听说简昨天/明天(要)去北京了。呼应性原则：主句为一般过去时，从句使用过去的某种时态Kate said she was going shopping at this time yesterday.
81、凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。特殊性原则：从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。【拓展】1.有些疑问词作句子的主语，所以问句本身就是陈述语序，在变成宾语从句时，语序无需变化。如：Do you know what is happening over there？你知道那边正发生什么事吗？Do you know whats the matter with him？你知道他怎么了吗？2如果复合句中宾语从句很长，那么可以用it 作形式宾语，以
82、免句子头重脚轻。如：He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.他很明确地说他更喜欢学习英语。考点考点2 2 状语从句状语从句 一个句子(从句)作另一个句子(主句)的状语，作状语的句子叫状语从句。 状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。时间状语从句时间状语从句when，while，before，after，until，since，as soon as 条件状语从句条件状语从句if，unless，as long as地点状语从句地点状语从句where，wherever(无论哪里)原因状语从句原因状语从
83、句because，since，as，for 比较状语从句比较状语从句than，as.as，not as/so.as让步状语从句让步状语从句although/though，even if，whatever，wherever，whenever目的状语从句目的状语从句so that，in order that结果状语从句结果状语从句 so.that，such.that 【注意注意】 在时间和条件状语从句中，从句必须遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，在意义上仍然保持一致。考点考点3 3 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫作定
84、语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前，引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为：先行词关系词定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有where，when，why等。 1 1关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作定语作定语指人that/whowho/whom/that(可省略)whose指物that/whichwhich/that(可省略)whose2.2.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法状语状语先行词先行词关系副词及相应介词结构关系副词及相应介词结构时间day，y
85、ear，date，timewhen，during/in.which地点the place，the city，Shanghai.where，in/from.原因the reasonwhy，for which八年真题八年真题全练全练 复合句是近几年菏泽的常考点。单项填空对宾语从句的考查侧重其引导词、语序和时态，状语从句要注意其中的连词和句意，重点考查时间、条件、让步、原因等从句。预计2018年中考单项填空中可能会有一道考查从句的题。考点考点1 1 宾语从句宾语从句12016菏泽，30Excuse me，but could you please tell me _B_B_？Sure.Awhere i
86、s the restroomBwhen the store opensCwhat time does it begin22012菏泽，8Have you ever seen the movie 2012?Yes，but I dont believe _A_A_ the year 2012 will see the end of the world.Athat Bwhat Chow Dif考点考点2 2 状语从句状语从句(613题见专项5连词“八年真题全练”考点 2从属连词的310题)3.2011菏泽，29_A_A_you do，dont miss this exhibition，for its
87、 so hard for me to get the tickets.AWhatever BHoweverCWhenever DWhether42011菏泽，31Ill never forget the day_C_ _C_ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere52010菏泽，31This is the school _A_A_I studied three years ago.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich猜押预测猜押预测1Could yo
88、u please tell me _，Sonia?Its on the first Tuesday of May.We hold special parties and give teachers thankyou notes that day.Aif you had Teachers Day in AmericaBwhen Teachers Day is in AmericaCwhat you did on Teachers Day2Could you please tell me _？Ten years ago.Awhen you taught in this schoolBwhen di
89、d you teach in this schoolChow long you taught in this school3Excuse me! Could you please tell me what time _ Kaili?Athe Greens leftBdid the Greens leaveCthe Greens leavesB BA AA A4Look at the stone bridge! Do you know _ it was built? It was in the 1860s.It is quite old.AwhenBhowCwhere5Could you ple
90、ase tell me _？ About twenty minutes ago.Awhen did you see this kidBwhere did you see this kidCwhen you saw this kid6Can you tell me _？ Sure.He lives on Center Street. Awhere does he live Bwhere he lives Cwhy he lives there7Life is like a mirror._ you smile at it，it will smile back. AUnless BWhen CUn
91、tilA AC CB BB B8Stephen Hawking got more than 380，000 followers in two hours_he put his first message on Weibo.Abefore Bsince Cafter9Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?Sure，Ill give it to her _ she arrives here.Abefore Buntil Cas soon as10Mum，_shall we have lunch?We will have it when your d
92、ad_Awhen；returns Bwhere；will returnCwhere；returns11May I come in?Not yet.Please wait on your chair _your name is called.Aand Buntil CafterC CC CA AB B12The dog _ played with you just now is _Awhich；mine Bwhich；myCwhat；mine13Shakespeare(莎士比亚)is a great writer _ is considered as a genius ( 天才 )I think so.Many people around the world admire him very much.Awhen Bwho Cwhich14Do you know the man_is standing beside your father?Of course.He is my uncle.A/ Bwhich Cwho15Sitting down after a walk is relaxing.But do you dare to sit on a seat _ tells you your weight?Awhom B/ CthatA AB BC CC C
