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1、Chapter ElevenGovernment Functions and Public Service 政府政府职能与公共服能与公共服务Part I Background ReadingGovernment Work Report of 2014Lastyearwasthefirstyearforthisgovernmenttoperformitsfunctionsinaccordancewiththelaw,andithadarduoustasks.Wefacedacomplexenvironment:theworldeconomicrecoverywasdifficult.InChin
2、a,downwardpressureontheeconomyincreased,naturaldisastersoccurredfrequently,andtherewasanarrayofinterrelatedproblems.However,thepeopleofallofChinasethnicgroups,undertheleadershipoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)withComradeXiJinpingasGeneralSecretary,confidentlymetallchallenges,stro
3、vetoovercomedifficulties,fullyattainedthemaintargetsforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentfortheyear,andmadeimpressiveachievementsinreformandopeningupandinthesocialistmodernizationdrive.Theeconomywasstableandimproved.Thegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)reached56.9trillionyuan,anincreaseof7.7%overthepreviousyear.Th
4、eriseintheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)waskeptat2.6%.Theregisteredurbanunemploymentratewaskeptat4.1%and13.1millionurbanjobswerecreated,anall-timehigh.TotalimportsandexportsexceededUS$4trillion,reachinganewhigh.Personalincomecontinuedtorise,andeconomicperformancecontinuedtoimprove.Thepercapitadisposableinc
5、omeofurbanresidentsroseby7%inrealterms,andthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentsroseby9.3%inrealterms.Thenumberofruralpeoplelivinginpovertywasreducedby16.5millionandtheurban-ruralincomegapcontinuedtonarrow.Theprofitsofindustrialenterpriseswithannualrevenueof20millionyuanormorefromtheirmainbusinessope
6、rationsroseby12.2%.Governmentrevenueincreasedby10.1%.Progresswasachievedinadjustingtheeconomicstructure.Grainoutputexceeded600millionmetrictons,increasingforthetenthconsecutiveyear.Thevalue-addedoftheservicesectoraccountedfor46.1%ofGDP,surpassingsecondaryindustryforthefirsttime.Theproportionofthegro
7、ssregionalproductofthecentralandwesternregionstoChinasGDPcontinuedtorise,anddevelopmentindifferentregionsbecamebetterbalanced.Chinastotalelectricityconsumptionincreasedby7.5%,andthevolumeoffreighttransportroseby9.9%.Mainrealphysicalindexesmatchedeconomicgrowth.Socialprogramsdevelopedvigorously.Progr
8、esswasmadeineducation,scienceandtechnology,culture,andhealth.TheShenzhou-10spacecraftwassentintoorbit.TheChange-3lunarlandersuccessfullylandedonthemoon.ThesubmersibleJiaolongbroketherecordformanneddeep-seadives.AllthisshowsthattheChinesepeopledefinitelyhavetheabilityandwisdomtoachievetheobjectiveofm
9、akingthecountrymoreinnovative.Inthelastyear,wemetmoredifficultiesbutdeliveredabetterperformancethanexpected.Theeconomyandsocietydevelopedbothquantitativelyandqualitatively,thuslayingagoodfoundationforfuturedevelopment.Theseachievementsencourageustoforgeaheadandmakefurtherprogress.Part II Interpretat
10、ion Lead-inA. 重点重点词汇 Vocabulary Preview第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业thetertiary-industry产业结构调整industrystructuraladjustment中西部地区thecentralandwesternregions签署自由贸易协定signfreetradeagreements财政赤字fiscaldeficits预算范围withinthebudgetedrange战略性新兴产业strategicemergingindustries产能过剩excessproduc
11、tioncapacity宏观调控macro-control人均可支配收入percapitadisposableincome最低生活保障制度minimumlivingsecuritysubsidysystem保障社会公平正义guaranteesocialjusticeandfairness保障基本生存权upholdsubsistencerights城乡二元的医疗保险制度thedualsystemofmedicalinsurance城乡人均收入比urban-ruralratioinpercapitaincome城乡一体的社会保障体系anintegratednationalsocialinsuran
12、cesystem财政资源和人力资源 fiscalandhumanresources社会救助制度socialreliefsystem失业保险制度unemploymentinsurance基本医疗保险basicmedicalinsurancesystem持续快速的经济增长 sustainedandrapideconomicgrowth低保minimumlivingsecurityallowance低成本劳动密集型制造业lowwageandlabor-intensivemanufacturing低收入家庭low-incomehouseholds总体差距aggregatedisparity对口支援on
13、e-on-oneassistance改善民生improvepeopleswell-being公共服务social/publicservice公共福利标准publicwelfarecriteria公共教育经费publicexpenditureoneducation公共就业服务publicemploymentservice宏观经济调控macroeconomicregulationandcontrol地方政府职能转变thetransformationoflocalgovernmentfunctions改革创新监管方式reformandinnovatewaysofsupervision基层政府建设th
14、ebuildingofcommunity-levelgovernments国内生产总值grossdomesticproduct(GDP)居民消费价格涨幅theriseintheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)城乡居民收入差距theurban-ruralincomegap“十连增”increaseforthetenthconsecutiveyear财政收入governmentrevenue扶贫alleviatepoverty企业职工养老保险pensioninsuranceforworkersinurbanenterprises社会养老保险制度old-ageinsurancesyst
15、em以房养老house-for-pensionscheme人口老龄化theagingofthepopulation啃老族theboomeranggroup优先发展教育giveprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation终身学习型社会asocietyoflife-longeducation经济全球化economicglobalization数字鸿沟digitaldivide透明的贸易和投资政策transparentpoliciesoftradeandinvestment放宽市场准入relaxcontrolovermarketentry诚信缺失lackofcredibil
16、ity廉政文化建设fosteracultureofcleangovernment民族区域自治制度thesystemofautonomyofethnicregions基层民主community-leveldemocracy综合国力overallnationalstrength跨上新台阶reachnewheights.户籍制度改革reformofhouseholdregistrationregions积分落户制度pointssystemforhouseholdregistration和谐医患关系harmoniousrelationsbetweendoctorsandpatientsB. 句子精句子
17、精炼 Sentence in Focus1.政府应当切实保障和改善民生，促进社会公平正义。Thegovernmentshouldensureandimprovepeopleswellbeingandupholdsocialfairnessandjustice.2.实施大学生就业促进计划，应届高校毕业生绝大部分实现就业。Weimplementedtheprogramforpromotingemploymentofuniversitygraduates,thusenablingthevastmajorityofnewcollegegraduatestofindjobs.3.扩大内需是经济增长的主要
18、动力，也是重大的结构调整。Boostingdomesticdemandisbothamajorforcedrivingeconomicgrowthandanimportantstructuraladjustment.4.啃老族现象已成为全国性的社会问题。Theboomerangchildphenomenonhasbecomeasocialproblemonanationwidescale.5.中国在加强对权力的约束和严惩贪污腐败，建设廉洁政治方面迈出了重要步伐。Chinahastakenanimportantstepforwardinbuildingacleangovernmentthroug
19、hrestrictingtheuseofpowerandcrackingdownoncorruption.6.坚持计划生育基本国策不动摇，落实一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子政策。Wewillunwaveringlyadheretothebasicstatepolicyoffamilyplanningandwillimplementthepolicythatallowsmarriedcouplestohavetwochildrenifoneparentisanonlychild.7.政府将继续推进养老保险、社会救助制度建设Thegovernmentwillcontinuetoimprovet
20、hesystemsofold-ageinsuranceandsocialaid.8.虽然近期公众对国务院提出的“以房养老”建议表示不满，但近期一项调查显示，上海有70%以上的老人表示愿意接受“以房养老”.Morethan70percentofelderlypeopleinShanghaiareopentoahouse-for-pensionprogram,asurveyshowed,despitearecentpublicoutcryagainsttheidearaisedinacentralgovernmentdocument.9.文件指出，政府将取消城镇和小城市落户限制，放开中等城市落户限
21、制，确定大城市落户条件。Thedocumentsaidthegovernmentwillremovethelimitsonhukouregistrationintownshipsandsmallcities,relaxrestrictionsinmedium-sizedcities,andsetqualificationsforregistrationinbigcities.10.ItisveryreassuringtolearnthatthegovernmentofChinahassetatargetof7.5percentGDPgrowthwhiletryingtokeepinflatio
22、natamanageablelevel.中国政府将GDP增长目标设定为7.5%，并努力将通胀保持在可控水平，很令人欣慰。11.TheInternethasbecomeoneofthemostimportantchannelsforthepublictoexpressitsopinion.互联网成为公民表达意见和发表言论的重要渠道之一。12.Withahealthy,growingeconomy,withmoreAmericansgoingbacktowork,withournationanactiveforceforgoodintheworld,thestateofourunionisconf
23、identandstrong.如今的美国实力强大，充满信心，经济健康发展，更多美国人恢复就业，成为在世界上广做善事的一支生力军。13.Tomakeoureconomystrongerandmoreproductive,wemustmakehealth-caremoreaffordableandgivefamiliesgreateraccesstogoodcoverageandmorecontrolovertheirhealthdecisions.要使我国经济更加强大，生产率更高，我们必须提高人们的医保承受能力，为家庭提供更多享受医保的机会，给予他们决定自己健康更大的自由。14.Inthepas
24、tfouryears,wehaveprovidedtaxrelieftoeverypersonwhopaysincometaxes,overcomearecession,openedupnewmarketsabroad,prosecutedcorporatecriminals,andraisedhomeownershiptoitshighestlevelinhistory.在过去的四年中，我们减轻了所有纳税人的所得税负担，克服了经济衰退，开拓了新的国外市场，起诉了企业罪犯，将住房拥有率提高到历史最高水平。15.Alltheseproposalsareessentialtoexpandthise
25、conomyandaddnewjobs,buttheyarejustthebeginningofourduty.所有这些提案对壮大我国经济、增加新的就业机会至关重要，然而这仅仅是我们所承担责任的开始。16.TheWorldEconomicForumsGenderGapreportfindsadirectcorrelationbetweengendergapandproductivitythelowertheformer,thehigherthelatter.世界经济论坛发表的性别差距报告发现，性别差距与经济生产率之间有直接的关联前者越低，后者就越高。17.Overmorethanthreede
26、cades,evenbeforetheGreatRecessionhit,massiveshiftsintechnologyandglobalcompetitionhadeliminatedalotofgood,middle-classjobs,andweakenedtheeconomicfoundationsthatfamiliesdependon.在三十多年的时间里，甚至在经济大衰退之前，技术和全球竞争的巨大变化已经削减了中产阶级的许多好的工作机会，并削弱了中产家庭依赖的经济基础。18.WhatIbelieveunitesthepeopleofthisnation,regardlessof
27、raceorregionorparty,youngorold,richorpoor,isthesimple,profoundbeliefinopportunityforallthenotionthatifyouworkhardandtakeresponsibility,youcangetahead.我相信，不分种族，地域和党派，不论老少贫富，将这个国家的人民团结在一起的就是一条简单深刻的信念，只要你努力工作，勇于承担责任，你就能够出人头地。C. 段落段落视译 Sight Interpretation1.开放与改革相伴而生、相互促进。要构建开放型经济新体制，推动新一轮对外开放，在国际市场汪洋大海
28、中搏击风浪，倒逼深层次改革和结构调整，加快培育国际竞争新优势。2.目前，中国已基本建立全民医疗保险体系，且保障水平在不断提升。参加城镇职工医疗保险、城镇居民医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗的人数超过13亿，参保率达到90%以上。3.此次的户籍制度改革将终结自上世纪50年代以来将公民人为划分为城镇和农村户口的二元户籍制度。目前，没有城镇户口的民众无法享受平等的城镇公共福利，因为户籍证明，也即永久居住许可证，与各种补贴性的社会福利如医疗、住房、教育和养老等相互挂钩。4.就业是民生之本。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，优化就业创业环境，以创新引领创业，以创业带动就业。今年高校毕业生将达727万人
29、，要开发更多就业岗位，实施不间断的就业创业服务，提高大学生就业创业比例。5.Itisourunfinishedtasktomakesurethatthisgovernmentworksonbehalfofthemany,andnotjustthefew;thatitencouragesfreeenterprise,rewardsindividualinitiative,andopensthedoorsofopportunitytoeverychildacrossthisgreatnation.6.Weshouldbeabletoworktogetheronaresponsiblebudgett
30、hatinvestsinthethingsthatweneedtogrowoureconomyandcreatejobsevenwhilewemaintainfiscaldiscipline.WeshouldbeabletopassafarmbillthathelpsruralcommunitiesgrowandprotectsvulnerableAmericansinhardtimes.7.Yes,thebiggestdriverofourlong-termdebtistherisingcostofhealthcareforanagingpopulation.Andthoseofuswhoc
31、aredeeplyaboutprogramslikeMedicaremustembracetheneedformodestreformsotherwise,ourretirementprogramswillcrowdouttheinvestmentsweneedforourchildren,andjeopardizethepromiseofasecureretirementforfuturegenerations.8.Now,evenwithbetterhighschools,mostyoungpeoplewillneedsomehighereducation.Itsasimplefactth
32、emoreeducationyouvegot,themorelikelyyouaretohaveagoodjobandworkyourwayintothemiddleclass.Buttoday,skyrocketingcostspricetoomanyyoungpeopleoutofahighereducation,orsaddlethemwithunsustainabledebt.Part III Field InterpretationA. 汉英口英口译 Chinese-English Interpretation社会关注的热点问题，尤其是民生问题，应该是政府工作的重点。今年要着重继续做
33、三件事，就是保基本、兜底线、促公平。1.民生问题peopleslivelihood2.保基本meetpeoplesbasiclivingneeds3.兜底线providealastresortforpeopletofallbackonincaseofspecialdifficulty4.促公平promotesocialfairness第一是保基本。也就是说要在义务教育、基本医疗、基本养老、住房等诸多方面来构建一个完整的社会保障安全网。我们现在基本医保已经总体覆盖全民了，基本养老的参保人数也超过8亿人。但是群众还有反映，比如接续难、转移难这些问题，我们要继续巩固和扩大这些基本的社会保障。今年适当
34、时候要提高基本养老金的标准，而且要解决或者说逐步解决碎片化的问题，整合城乡医保，推进养老保险并轨，构建统筹城乡的社会保障网。1.义 务 教 育 compulsoryeducation2.基本医疗,medicalcare,3. 基本养老old-age support /insurance4.提高基本养老金的标准raisethebasicpensionbenefits5.碎片化的问题theproblemoffragmentation6.推进并轨furtherintegrate第二是兜底线。因为国力所限，我们基本保障的标准还是低水平的，总会有一部分人因病、因灾等特殊原因陷入生活的窘境，基本保障兜不住
35、，还要进行社会救助。我们绝不能让无家可归、因贫弃医等现象频发。将心比心啊，政府工作人员应该以百姓之心为心。所以前不久我们出台了新的社会救助管理办法，就是要让这些特殊困难群众求助有门。1.基本保障basicwelfarebenefits2.社会救助socialassistance3.将心比心putourselvesintheirshoes/Justimaginewhatifsuchsituationhappenstoourselves.4.求助有门havesomewheretoturnto第三是促公平。我们保基本、兜底线，还是要为了解除人民群众就业、创业的后顾之忧，还是要采取措施，尤其在一些领域
36、要有更有效的办法，让就业、求职机会公平，让创业有公平竞争的环境，特别要注重起点公平，也就是教育公平。我们要继续增加农村贫困地区的学生上重点高校的人数，今年要增加10%以上，并且要加大农村贫困地区薄弱学校改造的力度。政府就是应该创造条件，让每个人都通过自己的奋斗有公平发展的机会，我们要把公正贯彻到社会的最底层。1. 注 重 起 点 公 平 ensurefairnessatthestartingpoint2. 教 育 公 平 fairness ineducation.3.重点高校keycollegesanduniversities4. 薄 弱 学 校 low-performingschools5.
37、 把 公 正 贯 彻 到 realizefairnessandjusticeB. 英英汉口口译 English-Chinese InterpretationNow,mostofusagreethataplantoreducethedeficitmustbepartofouragenda.Butletsbeclear, deficit reduction alone is not aneconomicplan.1.reducethedeficit削减赤字2.deficitreduction削减赤字3.aneconomicplan经济方案A growing economy that creates
38、 good,middle-classjobs that must be the NorthStar that guides our efforts. Every day, weshould ask ourselves three questions as anation:How do we attractmorejobsto ourshores?Howdoweequipourpeoplewiththeskillstheyneedtogetthosejobs?Andhowdowemakesurethathardworkleadstoadecentliving?1.middle-classjobs
39、中产阶级的就业岗位2.theNorthStar北极星3. equip our people with theskills进行岗位培训4.adecentliving体面的生活Ayearandahalfago,IputforwardanAmericanJobs Act that independent economists said wouldcreatemorethan1millionnewjobs.AndIthankthelastCongressforpassingsomeofthatagenda.IurgethisCongresstopasstherest.Buttonight,Illlay
40、outadditionalproposalsthatarefullypaidforandfullyconsistentwiththebudgetframeworkbothpartiesagreedtojust18monthsago.Letmerepeat nothing Im proposing tonight should increaseour deficit by a single dime. It is not a biggergovernmentweneed,butasmartergovernmentthatsets priorities and invests in broad-b
41、ased growth.Thatswhatweshouldbelookingfor.1. an American JobsAct美国就业法案2. lay out additionalproposals提 出 附 加方案3. budget framework预算框架4.asingledime一毛钱5. set priorities明辨主次之分OurfirstpriorityismakingAmericaamagnetfornewjobsandmanufacturing.Aftersheddingjobsformorethan10years,ourmanufacturershave added a
42、bout 500,000 jobs overthepastthree.CaterpillarisbringingjobsbackfromJapan.FordisbringingjobsbackfromMexico.Andthisyear,Apple will start making Macs inAmericaagain.1.firstpriority首要任务2.shedjobs裁员3.Caterpillar开拓重工公司4.Ford福特汽车公司5.Apple苹果公司Part IV Simulation ExercisesA. 词组短短语Phrases and Expressions 1.扩大
43、内需2.经济支撑带3.棚户区4.均衡发展5.居安思危6.联邦官僚体制7.遵纪守法8.筹集资金9.贷款贴息10.税收减免B. 句子段落句子段落Sentences and Paragraphs 1.扩大内需是经济增长的主要动力，也是重大的结构调整。要发挥好消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用，打造新的区域经济支撑带，从需求方面施策，从供给方面发力，构建扩大内需长效机制。2.促进教育事业优先发展、公平发展。继续加大教育资源向中西部和农村倾斜，促进义务教育均衡发展。全面改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校办学条件。3.今后一个时期，着重解决好现有“三个1亿人”问题，促进约1亿农业转移人口落户城镇，改造约1亿人居住的
44、城镇棚户区和城中村，引导约1亿人在中西部地区就近城镇化。4.关于施政目标，可以说中共十八大已经做出了全面部署。第一，还是持续发展经济。未来中国经济环境依然是严峻复杂，我们要居安思危，也要处变不惊，保持经济持续增长，防范通货膨胀，控制潜在风险，使中国经济不发生大的波动。5.Itsnotfairtobusinessesandmiddle-classfamilieswhoplaybytheruleswhenweallowcompaniesthataretryingtoundercuttherulesworkintheshadoweconomy,tohirefolksatlowerwagesornob
45、enefits,noovertime,sothatsomehowtheygetacompetitiveedgefrombreakingtherules.Thatdoesntmakesense.6.Theexecutivebranchalsoneedstochange.Toooften,itsinefficient,outdatedandremote.ThatswhyIveaskedthisCongresstograntmetheauthoritytoconsolidatethefederalbureaucracy,sothatourgovernmentisleaner,quicker,andm
46、oreresponsivetotheneedsoftheAmericanpeople.7.Atatimewhenothercountriesaredoublingdownoneducation,tightbudgetshaveforcedstatestolayoffthousandsofteachers.Weknowagoodteachercanincreasethelifetimeincomeofaclassroombyover$250,000.Agreatteachercanofferanescapefrompovertytothechildwhodreamsbeyondhiscircum
47、stance.Everypersoninthischambercanpointtoateacherwhochangedthetrajectoryoftheirlives.8.Throughtaxcredits,grantsandbetterloans,wevemadecollegemoreaffordableformillionsofstudentsandfamiliesoverthelastfewyears.Buttaxpayerscantkeeponsubsidizinghigherandhigherandhighercostsforhighereducation.Collegesmustdotheirparttokeepcostsdown,anditsourjobtomakesurethattheydo.Part V Interpretation Skills外交口译外交口译一、一、 政治敏感性政治敏感性二、主题的严肃性二、主题的严肃性三、背景知识的重要性三、背景知识的重要性Thank you!
