1 （中学英语）依据前缀后缀归类背记单词妙招详解汇总 妙招 1 依据前后缀归类记单词 [前缀——置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分] 1．否定前缀 [un-] uneasy 心神不安的 unfortunately 不幸地 unhealthy 不健康的 unnecessary 不必要的 unwise 不明智的 ①I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers. 面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在 ②Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country. 不幸的是，干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地 ③Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. 虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态 [non-] nonprofit 非营利性的 nonliving 无生命的 nonserious 不要紧的 nonverbal 非言辞的 ①An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another. 生态系统包括同一地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。
②In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation” ． 事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力” [im- (in-， ir- )] impatience 不耐烦 impossible 不可能的 improperly 不适当地 impractical 不现实的 independence 独立 irregularly 不规则地 ①A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics. 不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理 ②Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year. 产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修 [dis-] distrust 不信任 disability 残疾 2 discourage 使气馁 disappointed 失望的 disagree 不同意 disuse 废弃 ①The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to a greater risk of disability. 研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。
②Do not let any failures discourage you. 别让任何失败使你一蹶不振 ③They made some experiments in a house disused for years. 他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验 2．错误前缀 [mis-] misunderstand 误解 mistake 错误 miscalculate 误算；对……判断错误 misconception 误解，错觉 ①If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times. 如果我没算错的话，总共有 3 次 ②There are some common misconceptions about the American family values. 关于美国的家庭价值观，存在一些常见的错误观念 ③Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes. 误解常会导致大错误 3．方位前缀 [super-(也可表示程度)] superhero 超级英雄 superiority 优越；优等 superman 超人 supermarket 超市 superstar 巨星；超级明星 superstore 大型超市 ①They should focus on the superiority of products. 他们应该关注产品的优势。
②Supermarkets make our life more convenient. 超市让我们的生活更便利 ③Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. 超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们 [sub-] suburb 郊区 subway 地铁 substitute 代替 ①Four new subway lines have been built in our city. 3 我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线路 ②The baby monkeys picked the soft mother- substitutes as their favourites. 猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱 [over-] overestimate 高估 overreact 反应过度 overuse 过度使用 overcrowded 过度拥挤的 ①He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his. 对那些反对他想法的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。
②Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine. 健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量 ③It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city. 人们期望它一天能够承载 20 000 辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题 [trans-] transfer 转移；转乘 transport 运输 translate 翻译 transform 转换；改变 transplant 移植 ①One-way ticket allows you to reach your destination, including transfers within 2 hours. 凭单程票可达目的地，两小时之内换乘有效 ②Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可从游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。
[后缀——置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改变词义] 1．名词后缀 动作执行者 [-er (-or, -ar)] farmer 农场主；农民 owner 物主 administrator 管理者 author 作者 mayor 市长 ①The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years. 领导告诉我们在工作的前 5 年每年可享受 10 天的带薪假期 ②The author said something unfair about doctors in his book. 作者在他的书中针对医生说了些有失公允的话 [-ant] applicant 申请人 assistant 助理 ①In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market. 4 为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场 ②I intend to take a part-time job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。
[-ist] dentist 牙医 scientist 科学家 specialist 专家 tourist 旅行者 ①It' s ten years since the scientist set out on his life' s work of discovering the valuable chemical element. 从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现在，已经过去 10 年了 ②Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. 与那些旅游公司相比，他们的需求和问题更为重要 跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀 [-ion] action 行动 attraction 吸引，吸引力 reaction 反应 satisfaction 满意 ①Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩行动胜于言辞) ②Due to the strong attraction of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves. 由于电子产品的强大吸引力，我们更不独立自主了。
③The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear. 该项研究测试了 20 名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应 [-ment] amazement 惊奇 appointment 约会；任命 development 发展 improvement 改进，改善 judgment 判断 treatment 治疗，对待 government 政府 unemployment 失业 ①She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mother' s. 她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版 ②He was satisfied with the improvement of our services. 他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意 ③A judgment must be made free from prejudice. 做出的判断应不受偏见的影响 ④Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government . 每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。
[-ing] 5 hearing 听力 living 生活方式，生计 saying 说话；谚语 training 训练 writing 书法 ①“You can' t judge a book by its cover ， ” as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说： “不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏 ” ②Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively. 良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力 [-ence] confidence 信心，信任 convenience 方便 difference 不同，差异 evidence 证据 silence 沉默，无言 ①In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery. 就便捷性而言，与美术馆相比，博物馆有更多优势 ②There is usually a difference between one ' s dream and reality. 一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。
③I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet silence. 我把车停在湖边，在美好的静默中享受阅读 [-ure] creature 生物，动物 failure 失败 pressure 压力 pleasure 愉快，乐趣 structure 结构，体系 ①By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creature' s life. 通过饲养宠物，孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任 ②He took great pleasure in biking. 他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣 ③It' s useful to know something about human body structure.对人体构造有所了解还是有用的 [-ness] awareness 意识，察觉 business 生意，业务 carelessness 粗心大意 uneasiness 不安 ①With self-awareness and self-control, it is possible to change our bad habits. 凭借自我意识和自控能力，改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。
②I often make mistakes with carelessness. 我经常会因粗心大意而犯错 ③I tried to put aside my uneasiness and go back to work. 6 我尽量克服自己不安的感觉，重新开始工作 [-ity] activity 活动 curiosity 好奇心 reality 现实 equality 平等 quality 质量，品质 popularity 普及，流行，受欢迎 ①Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. 人类活动不应为所有水资源的短缺承担责任 ②In reality, equality is not given but gained. 在现实中，平等不是被动给予的，而是主动争取来的 ③Jane' s popularity is rooted in her intelligent writing. 简之所以受欢迎，根源在于她作品中的智慧 [-ery] delivery 传送，分娩 discovery 发现 robbery 抢劫 scenery 风景，景色 ①The discovery of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted robbery. 在他行李箱里发现的金币是他们企图抢劫的原因。
②We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery at the seaside.我们来到海边享受新鲜空气和美丽景色 其他常用的名词后缀 [-ship] hardship 艰难 friendship 友谊 relationship 关系， 联系 ①Not until he went through real hardships did he realize the importance of friendship. 直到他经历了千辛万苦之后，才明白了友谊的重要性 ②No one is willing to keep a good relationship with ill-tempered people.没人愿意和脾气差的人保持良好关系 [-ology] apology 道歉；歉意 biology 生物学 psychology 心理学 technology 科技，工艺学 ①She could not make her decision to choose biology as her major.选择生物学作为专业， 她下不了这个决心。
②There are some problems psychology doesn' t have the answer to. 有些问题心理学也没法回答 [-ism] criticism 批评 pessimism 悲观，悲观主义 7 mechanism 机件，机制 optimism 乐观，乐观主义 racism 种族主义 tourism 旅游业，观光业 ①Recent criticism of the movie arose partly from its pessimism. 最近对于这部电影的批评部分源自于电影里的悲观主义 ②The researchers have found an important mechanism by which the brain works. 研究人员已经发现了一种大脑运作的重要机制 ③The sudden growth of tourism has brought many benefits to the local economy. 旅游业的突飞猛进已经给地方经济带来了许多好处 2．动词后缀 [-ify] identify 鉴定；识别 simplify 简化 justify 替……辩护；证明……正当 ①He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. 他帮助我认识到了自己的长处和短处。
②While intelligent people can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 聪明的人可能常把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人则更可能把简单的问题复杂化 [-ize] apologize 道歉 criticize 批评 organize 组织，安排 realize 意识到，实现 recognize 认出，承认 ①Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologize . 很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算向你道歉 ②He decided to organize a special concert. 他决定组织一场特殊的音乐会 ③One day, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 有朝一日，你会意识到并不是一切都可以用金钱来购买的 3．形容词后缀 用以表示性质与特征的形容词后缀 [-ful] doubtful 可疑的，不确定的 fearful 可怕的 grateful 感激的，令人愉快的 harmful 有害的 meaningful 有意义的，意味深长的 ①They want to find out how the brain responds to a fearful event. 8 他们想搞清楚大脑对可怕的事件会如何作出反应。
②He was grateful for his good health and good mood. 他很感激自己身体健康、心情舒畅 ③I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more meaningful things to do. 我认为每天晚上看电视就是浪费时间——有许多更有意义的事情可做 [-ive] 以- ive 结尾的形容词，表示具有某种倾向或特性 active 活跃的；积极的 aggressive 好斗的，有进取心的 attractive 有吸引力的 communicative 健谈的 creative 有创造性的 effective 有效的，生效的 expensive 昂贵的 positive 积极的，肯定的 ①Listening is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. 听力是一种锻炼我们的注意力和努力程度的积极练习 ②What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 这本书出色之处在于作者富有创意的想象力。
③It would be more effective to give direct help to the homeless. 给无家可归者提供直接帮助会更有效 [-ous] 出现在说明人或事物具有某种特质的形容词里 anxious 渴望的；忧虑的 curious 好奇的 dangerous 危险的 famous 著名的 generous 慷慨的 nervous 神经的，焦虑的 previous 以前的，先前的 serious 严重的，严肃的 ①Children are curious about the world by nature. 孩子们天生对世界感到好奇 ②He was glad that he was finally admitted into that famous university. 他感到高兴的是自己终于被那所著名大学录取了 ③A generous person is willing to offer help to those in need, without asking for any reward. 慷慨大方的人不要任何回报，心甘情愿给那些需要帮助的人提供援助。
[-able] 与名词结合构成的形容词，用来描述人或物，具有很多原名词表示的性质与特征 uncomfortable 不舒服的 fashionable 流行的，时髦的 honorable 光荣的，可敬的 unreasonable 不合理的 9 valuable 贵重的，宝贵的 ①She is dressed in a fashionable business suit that fits her very much. 她穿着一套时尚又非常合身的职业套装 ②Mark Twain ' s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.马克· 吐温的作品因荒谬的理由被查禁了 ③The valuable possessions I have is the gold ring and the pearl necklace my mother left me.我拥有的值钱之物就是我妈妈留给我的金戒指和珍珠项链 [-able] 与动词结合构成的形容词，用来表示事物具有原动词动作和行为特征的属性 admirable 令人钦佩的 avoidable 可避免的 imaginable 可想象的 suitable 适宜的，合适的 acceptable 可接受的，受欢迎的 available 可利用的；有空的 renewable 可更新的，可再生的 ①In fact, many traffic accidents caused by careless driving are avoidable. 实际上，由于粗心驾驶导致的很多交通事故是可以避免的。
②Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票 ③Scientists are searching renewable energy to replace coal and oil. 科学家正在寻找可再生能源来代替煤和石油 表示“没有”或“缺乏”的概念的形容词后缀 [-less] 与名词结合构成形容词， 用来描述缺乏或不具备原词表示的内容 该后缀不但可以改变词性，还可以改变词义 endless 没完没了的 jobless 失业的 homeless 无家可归的 mindless 不留神的，愚蠢的 selfless 无私的 tireless 不知疲倦的 wireless 无线的 ①Over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal to the tourists. 过度拥挤的海滩、密集的旅馆，已经开始丧失了对游客的吸引力 ②My mindless words must have hurt him deeply. 我那些没经过大脑思考的话一定已经深深地伤害了他。
③They once gave us so much selfless love. 他们曾经给予了我们许多无私的关爱 1 0 表示“与……有关的”形容词后缀 [-al (-ial, -ical)] artificial 人工的，虚假的 facial 面部的 financial 金融的，财政的 historical 与历史有关的 industrial 工业的 magical 魔术的，神奇的 medical 医疗的，医学的 mental 精神的，心理的 national 国家的 original 原始的，原版的 personal 个人的，私人的 potential 潜在的 physical 物质的，身体的 special 特殊的 social 社会的 ①It is believed that one day artificial intelligence can beat us in playing chess. 大家相信有一天人工智能会在下国际象棋方面战胜人类 ②For kids, gifts always have a magical power to make them happy. 对于孩子而言，礼物总有能让他们快乐的魔力。
③Mental health can never be replaced by wealth. 心理健康永远也无法用财富来代替 ④Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be well protected.许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到很好的保护 [-ic] allergic 过敏的 basic 基本的 dramatic 戏剧性的，引人注目的 optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 specific 明确的，特殊的 ①I parked my car and allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. 我停下车，让自己好好感受一下这风光秀丽的山谷美景 ②After so many frustrations, he changed from an optimistic person to a pessimistic one.经历了诸多挫折后，他从一个乐观的人变成了一个悲观的人。
③That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生， 这意味着人们会专门研究或者关注某个特定的工作 4．副词后缀 [-ly] actually 实际上 awfully 非常地，极端地 constantly 不断地，经常地 currently 现在，通常 directly 直接地，立即 evidently 明显地，显著地 1 1 particularly 特别地 rarely 很少，难得 extremely 非常，极其 regularly 有规律地，定期地 tightly 紧紧地，坚固地 ①I constantly say “don ' t worry about me, I ' m fine” ， but she never believes me. 我一直说“别为我担心，我一切都好” ，但是她从未相信过我 ②Evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.显然， 我的兴奋之情真的溢于言表。
③The text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seemed reasonable.这篇文章明显忽略了这个事实：人类，尤其是青少年，好像很少有理智的 ④The baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. 小猴子会在四周活动，也会紧紧搂住它的母亲 [-ward (s)] 与表示方向的名词或副词结合构成新词，表示人或物移动或面对的方向 afterward 后来 backward 向后，落后 forward 向前；将来 ①Afterward, she invited me to the one-and- only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory. 后来，她邀请我去当地的唯一一家牛排屋庆祝她的胜利 ②Looking backward, we can discover what is unique in us. 回首往事，我们才会发现自己的独特之处。
③She pushed herself forward through the water. 她在水里奋力往前游 通过以上内容，我们能认识到掌握一定数量的前缀、后缀的主要意义和用法，就能认识和掌握更多的词汇，即使这些词汇之前从未接触过观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，就能推测出新词的含义如此举一反三，词汇量可以得到成倍的增长。