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四级听力讲座

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四级听力讲座四级听力讲座 ------ ------ 陈剑波陈剑波 概述概述•基本要求基本要求: 能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为130-150词/分钟的简短会话、谈话和报道讲座,掌握其大意,抓住其要点和有关细节,并领会说话者的观点和态度一遍可以听懂并理解的准确率不应低于70% 六项技能:1理解中心思想、听懂重要细节;2理解隐含的意思,作出准确的推断和判断;3辨别语音特征,通过声音的高低、快慢辨认重要信息;4理解句子及上下文间关系,如比较目的、原因等;5判断说话人身份、观点和态度;6根据所听内容,准确记录单词和句子大意; •试题形式试题形式:Part I, Listening Comprehension, 20题,由Section A 和Section B组成 ,共20分钟;Section A 每次必考,每题为一组对话,后接一个问题,只读一遍,选择答案;Section B 有两种形式:短文理解(short passage)和复合式听写(compound dictation) Short passages: 共3篇,120-140词/篇,3-4个问题,共10个问题,只读一遍;Compound dictation:试卷二,250词左右,10个空缺,前7个为单词,后3个为句子或句子的一部分;读三遍,第一、三遍不停顿,第二遍停顿,可以用原句,也可以根据理解自己组织语言;15分钟; •试题内容试题内容:1 conversation:关于日常生活的对话,衣食住行,学校、公共场所、家庭等;句子不太复杂;2 short passages:题材熟悉,情节不太复杂的故事,人物传记,新闻报道,及风土人情,科学介绍等;3 compound dictation:所用文章与2相当; •命题规律命题规律:1对话部分:Ø 按内容可分为:时间与数字类,地点类,人物身份及关系类,推理判断类,因果关系类,行为举止类,主题细节类,请求和建议类等;其中推理判断类,因果关系类所占比例越来越大,难度有所加强。

Ø多数情况下就第二人的讲话内容设问,特殊疑问句,推理判断类是重点; 2003年1月题举例1 M: Mary, would you join me for dinner tonight? W: You treated me last weekend. Now it’s my turn. Shall we try some thing Italian? Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 2 W: Good afternoon, I’m calling to inquire about the four-bedroom house you advertised in the paper. M: I’m sorry, but it’s already sold. Q: What do we learn about the house from the conversation? 3 W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Don’t you remember your promise? M: This is not a game. It’s only a cross-word puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary. Q: What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? 2 短文部分: 考点: 对中心思想、事实细节、因果 关系的理解; 口语化,逻辑性较强,答案一般能从文章中找到;问题一般包括三大类: 综合推理类(原因、结论、观点等)、主旨大意类(文章开始和结尾)、事实细节类(时间、地点、人物、关系等)。

2003年6月举例Passage two1.How did the speaker feel when his father asked him to help cut grass?2.What did his father do when the speaker missed cutting some leaves?3.What did the speaker want to tell us in this passage? 3 复合式听写:考得并不多,但是难度有加大的趋势;2003年1月举例:1.mysterious, 2. coupled, 3. ruining, 4. percent, 5. species, 6. ensure, 7. average, 8. When countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it’s vital we find rational ways of fishing9. It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce 分类指导(一)对话部分•时间及数字题: 非必考题,但是常考; 1 同时提到几个时间,选择;(例) 2 不直接提到答案,就给出数据进行简 单换算; (例) 解题技巧:•在听完Directions后有25秒钟停顿。

考生应充分利用这段间隙时间首先,从Directions的第1句中了解独白或对话的主题然后浏览表格,划出信息信号词最后,根据题号推测所要搜索的目标信息的类型和范畴并确定所要填的词的词性,做到胸有成竹 •在听的过程中搜索目标信息并用速记法填写在表格中在第1遍听完以后有30秒钟的停顿,考生应抓紧时间把速记的答案写成文字并注意单词的拼写如,socio.- sociology•搜索信息时要注意准确性如,年份不要填错 •听完第1遍后,除了写出答案以外,考生要确定哪些答案是有把握的,哪些是没有把握的,应做出标记这样,在听第2遍时可以带着问题听,有的放矢,目标明确•听完第2遍后有20秒钟停顿,考生应利用这段间隙时间检查全部答案•数字和年份一律用阿拉伯数字写单词拼写错,一律不给分 解题要点:解题要点:1 时间的表达法;2 年月日的表达法;3 近音数字的辨别;4 表示倍数、价格、货币名称的词的读法; 3 times the price, twice as much, quarters, 5 数字,尤其是分数的读法; 6 提前阅读选项,并猜出可能的问题,做到有的放矢,提高效率; A. $1.40, B. $4.30, C. $6.40, D. $8.60 •地点题:解题指导:抓住表示地点及关系特征的关键词关键词•1 学校;老师学校;老师/学生关系:学生关系: class, academic year(学年), application form, registration(注册), scholarship, freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, postgraduate, graduate, term paper(学期论文), thesis (硕士论文), full-time, tuition(学费), campus, credits(学分), required /compulsory courses(必修课), elective/optional courses(选修课), Master’s degree(硕士学位), Bachelor’s degree(学士学位), Doctor’s degree(博士学位), doctorate(博士学位), diploma(毕业证), dormitory/dorm, alumni(校友), philosophy, economics, homework, exams, principal(校长), library, score(分数), syllabus(教学大纲), 2 餐馆;侍者和客人关系:餐馆;侍者和客人关系: waiter/waitress, menu, dish, drink, tip(小费), salad, bill(账单), dessert, order, steak, go Dutch, change(零钱), well-done(食物等很熟), medium(中熟), rare-done(嫩), delicious, greasy(油腻), spicy(辣,口味重), sauce(调味汁,酱), •3. 医生病人关系:医生病人关系: doctor, nurse, patient, dentist, ward(病房), surgeon(外科医生), operation, injection(注射), temperature, fever, prescribe, prescription(开处方), headache, flu, tablet(药片), capsule(胶囊), pills(药丸), pharmacy(药店), aspirin(阿司匹林), cough, in-patient department(门诊部), out-patient department(住院部), x-ray; • 4. 银行;职员和顾客关系:银行;职员和顾客关系: clerk, cash, check, to cash a check, credit card, open/close an account(开/销户), interest rate(利率), deposit/draw money(存/取钱), exchange rate(汇率), foreign currency(外币), savings account(储蓄账户), checking account(支票帐户) , current account(活期帐户) , loan(贷款), mortgage(抵押) • 5. 图书馆;图书馆; librarian, bookshelf, catalogue, magazine, journal(期刊), return, renewal, due(到期), overdue(过期)reference books, be fined, electronic reading room(电子阅览室), index(检索), • 6. 机场:机场: flight, airlines, airways, take off, landing, arrival time, departure time, boarding(登机), boarding pass(登机牌) , security control(安检), duty-free lounge(免税商店), luggage claim(行礼领取), passport control, visa(签证), boarding gate(登机口)carry-on luggage(随身行礼), •7. 火车站:火车站: train, platform, express train, ticket-collector, waiting room, information desk, inquiry, sleeping car, one-way ticket, return ticket(往返车票), round-trip ticket(往返车票), subway, timetable, schedule, x-ray scanner, •8. 旅馆,宾馆:旅馆,宾馆: reservation, check-in, check-out, single room, double room, suite(套间), book a room, reception desk, receptionist(前台), standard rate(标准房价), final account (总账), room service, •9. 邮局邮局: airmail, registered letter(挂号信), ordinary letter/regular mail(平信), envelope, stamp, postage(邮资), parcel/package(包裹), express mail, overweight(超重), scales(秤), zip code(邮政编码), address, addressee(收信人), •10. 商场,售货员顾客关系:商场,售货员顾客关系: shop assistant, cashier(收银员), men’s suit, women’s dress, fitting room(试衣间), color, size, extra large (加大号),medium(中号),on sale(打折), in fashion, look good on you(穿在你身上很漂亮), expensive, bargain(便宜), discount(折扣), 30% off(七折), customer, receipt(收据,发票), non-food section(非食品区), security guard(保安), installments(分期付款), coupon(赠券), •11. 理发店:理发店: Hairdresser, haircut, shampoo, lotion, shave, hairstyle, dye, •12. 主人和客人关系:主人和客人关系: invitation, dinner, help yourself to some…(自便), make yourself at home(请不用客气), birthday party, hospitality(好客,热情), doorway(门口), living room, dining room, kitchen, •人物身份及关系题:1 人物关系; 2 职业判断; 3 人物身份没有明确说出,要根据关键词关键词、 语气等简要推理和判断;(见前面) •推理和判断题: 重要部分,比例50%以上; 考点: 说话者的真是意图、真实感受、态 度等;解题指导: 1 语音语调;2 虚拟语气,逆向推理; You shouldn’t have told him the news. He must have been very careful with his money.3 常用成语、习语和表达法; once in a blue moon, The rising tide lifts all boats, feel under the weather, pull one’s leg, I can’t be more happy. I can’t agree with you more. •因果关系题: 原因通常从第二人的对话中说出;解题指导:1 提前浏览选项 A. his injury kept him at home B. he didn’t think it necessary C. he was too weak to see the doctor D. he failed to make an appointment 2 特别留意but, I’d love to but…, I wish I could, but….等表示礼貌的转折用语;A.He will only be available in the afternoon.B.It’s not his office hour.C.He doesn’t have time.D.He is too tired after class. 3 找同义或近义词A.Something went wrong with the busB.She took someone to hospitalC.Something prevented her from catching the busD.She came on foot instead of catching the bus •行为举止题: 日常行为,没有明确答案,分析思考,得出结论1 抓住关键词A.Having an interviewB.Filling out a formC.Talking with his friendD.Asking for information 2 注意第二者的具体内容,答案往往就在其间;A.Collect papers for the menB.Do the typing once againC.Check the paper for typing errorsD.Read the whole newspaper 3. 注意带有褒贬色彩和重读语气的形容 词、副词或动词,往往是线索;A.Worried and frightenedB.Very relaxedC.Quite unhappyD.Angry with the professor 4 难度较大,仔细揣摩言外之意; •主题和细节题:解题指导:1 主旨题选择概括性的选项A.A mysterious storyB.The hiring of a shop assistantC.The search for a reliable witnessD.An unsolved case of robbery •请求与建议题:解题指导1 掌握常用句型2 重点听第二者说话内容3 固定表达、习语、惯用法是考点4 建议、请求往往较含蓄婉转,注意听声调语气以及言外之意等 (二)短文部分•在听完Directions后有25秒钟停顿。

考生应充分利用这段间隙时间首先,从Directions的第1句中了解短文或对话的主题然后浏览问题和未完成的句子,划出句中的信息信号词,如:第9题中much of France即为信息信号词这些词暗示所找信息就在后面最后,根据题号明确所要搜索的目标信息并推测所要填写或回答的可能内容,做到胸有成竹 •在听的过程中搜索目标信息并用速记法填写在表格中在第1遍听完以后有50秒钟的停顿,考生应抓紧时间把速记的答案写成文字并注意单词的拼写•搜索信息时要注意准确性 •听完第1遍后,除了写出答案以外考生要确定哪些答案是有把握的,哪些是没有把握的,应做出记号这样,在听第2遍时可以带着问题听,有的放矢,目标明确•听完第2遍后有30秒钟停顿,考生应利用这段间隙时间检查全部答案 (三)听写题部分 综合模拟 。

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