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1、2023研究生入学考试英语模拟题姓名：班级： (例如：中医学2018级1班)学号：Section I Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the AN SWER SHEET.(lOpoints)The “ Satanic panic“ that once swept through America held thatthousands of people were secret mem
2、bers of a worshipping cultswhich were abusing and murdering children. Alleged victims madedetailed_ 1 , often after therapy designed to_ 2 v _memoriesthat had supposedly been buried after the mental_ 3 . Manypeople went to prison. N one of it was true.0ne_ 4 of the panic was to cement the idea that
3、eyewitnesstestimony is _5 . But John Wixted, a psychologist at theUniversity of California, San Diego,_ 6 out that this distrustihas gone too far. Eyewitness memories, he said, can_ 7 be veryreliable 一 _ 8_they are tested in the right circumstances.The_ 9 to reliability, said Dr. Wixted, is the _10
4、of witnessesin their assessments. _Experiments_suggest that when witnessesto a simulated crime are confident of having _11 the suspectin a later photo line- up, they are almost always_ 12 . _ 13_, ifthey are sure the suspect is not present, that is_ 1ikely tobe right too. Only when a witness is unsu
5、re does a risk ofmisidentification_ 14 .The problem is that this confidence is trustworthy only the _15time the question is asked. The act of testing memories_16_every other test that comes after. For instance, Dr. Wixtedcited the case of Charles Flores, a prisoner awaiting execution.Initially, when
6、 shown photos included Mr. Flores, a witnesssaid _17 of the people matched her_ 18 . _By the time the casecame to trial a year later, she had changed her mind andidentified Mr. Flores, and Mr. Flores was _19 . _20 ,Dr. Wixtedsuggests she was likely to have been right the first time andwrong the seco
7、nd.1.2A promisesB organizationsC allegationsD predictions2A reclaimB recoverC admireD embrace3 ._A healthB damageC recoveryD creation4 ._A destinationB evidenceC criticismD effect5 ._A unreliableB authentic3C unrealisticD prominent6 ._A workedB figuredC pointedD carried7 ._A of courseB without doubt
8、C in forceD in fact8 ._A ifB onceC asD after9 ._A answerB wayC hopeD key410.A conclusionB contradictionC confidenceD controversy11.A interpretedB identifiedC evadedD located12. _A significantB aggressiveC correctD irrational13. _A PresumablyB GenerallyC OfficiallyD Similarly14.A disappear5B ariseC e
9、nlargeD decline15.A nextBlastC firstDsecond16.A undermineBenhanceCanticipateDunderline17.AAllBoneCnoneDa lot18.ArequirementBtargetC intelligence6Drecollection19.AreleasedBconvictedCarrestedDrejected20.AAlthoughBFurthermoreCHoweverDBesidesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections： Read the fol
10、lowingfour texts. Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Most of the time science is a slow and tedious business.Researchers toil away for decades at obscure limits of human7knowledge, collecting and analyzing data, refini
11、ngtheories, writing, debating, and advancing ourunderstanding of the world in tiny increments. Working in smallteams on highly specialized projects far from the public eye一that is what most of us are accustomed to doing.In general, traditional modes of publication were far too slow,which motivated s
12、cientists to embrace a rapid alternative model：preprint archives, where papers are posted prior to peer reviewor consideration at a scientific journal. The number of paperssubmitted to medRxiv, a key repository of biomedical preprints,increased 10- fold in the first few months of the pandemic. Forre
13、searchers, the emergence of the disease was an all- hands- on- deck moment. Biologists such as the two of us,along with virologists and immunologists, all pivoted tofocus on the new pathogen. And other researchers from acrossthe scientific ecosystem一economists, physicists,engineers, statisticians, p
14、sychologists,sociologists, and more一dropped everything to learn aboutCOVID and figure out how they could contribute.These changes also shifted early- stage science from a private8activity to part of the public discourse. Instead ofpresenting the world with polished scientificarticles, investigators
15、worked in open view, thinkingaloud, offering preliminary speculations, arguing, makingwrong turns, following dead ends and pursuing some hypothesesthat would ultimately be refuted.This approach to communication does have a downside. Previouslyprivate communications were now open to exploitation andd
16、istortion by politicians and pundits. For instance, flawedblood- sample research reported in an April 2020 medRxiv paperpurported to show that COVID was a mild disease with a very lowfatality rate. Although the scientific community quicklypointed out a host of problems with the work, people seekingt
17、o avoid business restrictions, school closures and maskmandates ignored the criticism and used the paper to underminepublic health interventions.Rapid and unorthodox channels of communication also could notsolve all the problems scientistsencountered. We took too long to recognize the importance of9
18、airborne transmission of the virus. We spent early 2020washing our groceries but not wearing masks. Mostcritically, we have been largely unsuccessful atanticipating and managing the human element of the pandemic.By not accounting for ways that behavior would change inresponse to information一and misi
19、nformation一we havestruggled to predict the size and timing of successive diseasewaves and virus variants.21. The phrase “ toil away” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probablymeans . _ A give up B drop out C work hard D stand out22. According to the first two paragraphs, thenumber of papers medRxiv received in
20、creased rapidlyb e c a u s e . A most of the researchers are accustomed to highlyspecialized projects nowadays B old- fashioned publication process is not efficient enoughioto satisfy researchersC researchers tend to bypass the slow and tedious peer reviewat a scientific journalD medRxiv enjoys a re
21、spected position in biomedicine duringthe pandemic23. Public health interventions against COVID have.A been hindered by faulty research findingsB made significant gains through reasonable stepsC ignored the exploitation and distortion by politiciansD run into a series of problems24. The present appr
22、oach to communication has a drawback thatA researchers are encouraged to pursue false assumptionsrather than truthB private communications are misinterpreted and twisted bysome peopleC it presents the world with polished scientific papersD some of the published hypotheses would be refuted25. What ca
23、n we infer from the last paragraph?A Communication channels to solve every problem encounteredby scientists can be found.B We can predict the variation of novel coronavirus in theiinear future.C It is not necessary to reserve daily necessities during theepidemic.D Wearing masks can effectively preve
24、nt the transmission ofCOVID- 19.Text 2We tap telephone with minute electronic packages in this ageof chips. Such miniaturization might lead us to the false beliefthat absolute size is irrelevant to the operation of complexmachinery. But nature does not miniaturize nerve cells (orother cells for that
25、 matter). The range of cel 1 size amongorganisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.Small animals simply have far fewer cells than large animals.The human brain contains several billion nerve cells； an antis constrained by its small size to havemany hundreds of times fewer nerve cel
26、ls.There is no established relationship between brain sizeand intelligence among humans. But this observation12cannot be extended to differences between speciesand certainly not to ranges of sizes separating antsand humans.We can make a stronger argument and claim that humans have tobe just about th
27、e size they are in order to function as theydo. In an amusing and instructive article, F. W. Went exploredthe impossibility of human life, as we know it, at antdimensions. Since weight increases so much faster than surfacearea as an object gets larger, small animals have very highratios of surface t
28、o volume： they 1ive in a world dominated bysurface forces that affect us scarcely at all.An ant- sized man might put on some clothing, but forcesof surface adhesion would prevent its removal. The lowerlimit of drop size would make showering impossible； each dropwou1d hit with the force of a large st
29、one. If our little manmanaged to get wet and tried to dry off with a towel, he wouldbe stuck to it for life. He could pour no liquid, light no fire.Our skills and behavior are finely related to our size. We couldnot be twice as tall as we are, for the kinetic energy of a fall13wou1d then be 16 to 32
30、 times as great, and our sheer weight(increased eight fold) would be more than our legs could support.Human giants of nine to ten feet have either died young or beencrippled early by failure of joints and bones. At half our size,we could not wield a club with sufficient force to huntlarge animals (f
31、or kinetic energy would decrease 16to 32- fold). We could not impart sufficient momentumto spears and arrows； we could not cut or split wood withprimitive tools or mine minerals with picks and chisels. Sincethese were essential activities in our historical development,we must conclude that the path
32、of our evolution could only havebeen followed by a creature very close to our size. I do notargue that we inhabit the best of all possible worlds, only thatour size has limited our activities and, to a great extent,shaped our evolution.26. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?A Small an
33、imals rarely have the same number of nerve cellsas large animals.B Cells of small animals are smaller than those of largeanimals.C More intelligent men tend to possess larger brain size.D Animal cells are variable in size and number due to species.1427. The author s attitude toward the article of F.
34、 W. Went isA criticalB tolerantC supportiveD ambiguous28. According to F. W. Went s article, an ant- sized man mightA put on and take off some clothing under forcesB take a shower without too much troubleC be trapped on a towel when wiping himselfD perform daily activities just as well as normal peo
35、pl29. According to the author, human body size.A prevents us from hunting large animals in a groupB plays an important role in maintaining our basic functionC differs largely due to races and regions in historyD limits our skills and behavior in the path of evolution30. Which of the following is tru
36、e according to the passage?A physical size is the decisive factor in our evolutionhistory.B Small animals bear fewer surface forces compared to humanbeings.C Human giants will largely exist owing to evolutionary15potentials.D Human were physically shaped to fit the course of evolution.Text3A US Ener
37、gy Department report calls for incentives to boostcoal- fired and nuclear power plants following a stream ofclosures that it said undermined reliable sources ofelectricity. The findings of the study, released late onWednesday, drew scorn from renewable energy advocates butpraise from the coal and nu
38、clear industries. The report alignswith the President s promise to revive the ailing mining sector.But it differs from conclusions presented in an earlier draft,which had said big increases in renewable power generationremained possible without undermining grid reliability. Theadministration had not
39、 yet reviewed the early draft, which waswritten by department staff.Energy Secretary Rick Perry commissioned the study in April toevaluate whether “regulatory burdens“ imposed by pastadministrations, including that of former President BarackObama, had hurt the grid by forcing shutdowns of baseloadpl
40、ants, which provide nonstop power, like those fired by coaland nuclear fuel. The former president had introduced a16number of regulations intended to slash emissions of carbondioxide, which are blamed for climate change. This acceleratedthe retirement of coal- fired power plants and bolstered thenew
41、ly- developed solar and wind sectors, which depend heavilyon weather conditions for their power output.“ It is apparent that in today s competitive markets certainregulations and subsidies are having a large impact on thefunctioning of markets, and thereby challenging our powergeneration mix, “ Perr
42、y said in a letter introducing the study.“ It is important for policy makers to consider their intendedand unintended effects.”The study, conducted by the department s staff, said cheapnatural gas was the main driver of the closure of baseload coaland nuclear plants, a trend that was putting areas o
43、f thecountry at greater risk of power outages. The departmentrecommended giving baseload plants pricing advantages fortheir power, as well as making it easier and cheaper to getpermits to build more such projects.Howard Crystal, a spokesman for the Center for Biological17Diversity which advocates fo
44、r clean energy, called therecommendations dangerously misguidedv . The reality isthat we can protect our planet and our energy supplies byembracing wind and solar,“ he said.Some coal and nuclear energy groups welcomed the final reports findings. This is a much- needed,practical look at US electricit
45、y reliability and resilience,including the priority of maintaining critical clean baseloadpower as electricity markets change, v said Rich Powell,director of ClearPath, which advocates for nuclear andhydropower. Last week, Neil Chatterjee, the newly appointedchairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory
46、 Commission, said coalplants needed to be “properly compensated to recognize thevalue they provide to the system.”31.I t can be inferred from the first paragraph that.A Renewable energy advocates approved of the new f indings ofthe studyB the recently- released report has caused much controversy18C
47、President Trump promised to boost traditional energyindustryD it is unreal for renewable power plants to keep the gridreliable32. What is the attitude of Energy Secretary Rick Perry towardregulations the former president introduced in energy industry?A Pretty positive.B Somewhat affirmative.C Rather
48、 critical.D Totally indifferent.33. Mr. Crystal holds that.A clean energy could meet our need in an environmentfriendly wayB the recommendations can act as a guide for using cleanenergyC we can protect our planet by using cheaper energy suppliesD the department just focused on how to make more profi
49、ts34. Some coal and nuclear energy groups supported the reportin that.A it compensated the industry by bring enormous federal fundB it laid the foundation for the coal plants priority inenergy supply19C it paid due attention to the important role clean baseloadpower playedD it provided the system wi
50、th great value during electricitymarkets change35. Which of the following best reflects the main idea of thepassage?A Renewable energy will replace coal and nuclear energy.B U. S. Energy Department bolsters the newly- developed solarand wind sectors.C More coal and nuclear plants will be closed in t
51、he I I . S.D U. S. Energy Department grid study calls for boost to coaland nuclear power.Text 4Some people have almost all the luck. Over the past year, asIndia s economy has shrunk by around a tenth and tens ofmillions of Indians have lost jobs or sunk into poverty, thefortunes of the country1 s tw
52、o richest people have swollen.Gautam Adani, whose enterprises spread from ports to coal minesto food, has seen his personal wealth more than double, to some$32bn. Mukesh Ambani, s riches, which derive from oil refining,20telecoms and retail, among other things, have grown by just 25%,albeit to an in
53、timidating $75bnor so.The share of wealth and income going to the top 1% has beenrising rapidly in recent years in India, as it has been inmany countries. Last year they hoovered up 21.4% ofearnings, just ahead of their counterparts in Russia,according to the World Inequality Database. Credit Suisse
54、, abank, puts their share of India/ s wealth at 39%, well aheadof the richest 1% of Americans or Chinese. Most alarmingly, inIndia some of the rich have become super- rich by using theirforce to crush smaller competitors and thus corner multiplechunks of the economy.The tilt in fortunes has rewarded
55、 not so much technicalinnovation or productivity growth or the opening of newmarkets as the wielding of political influence and privilegedaccess to capital to capture and protect existing markets.A study by Krishna Kant, a journalist, reveals thatbetween 2014 and 2018 competition within ten differen
56、t21industries, from aviation to tyres, deteriorated markedly.Across Indian markets, only the shares of giant firms havegained consistently over the past decade, says Rohit Chandraof IIT Delhi, a university. International investorshave noticed, and now bet increasingly not on promisingnew firms but o
57、n big old ones, which they expect to get evenbigger. The government boasts that the five months from Aprilto August saw a record $36bn in foreign investment, suggestingthat its wise policies have sustained confidence during thecovid- 19 epidemic. What it trumpets less loudly is that morethan half of
58、 that money, including huge amounts of investmentsfrom Facebook and Google, poured into Mr. Ambani s hands alone.Some of India s tycoons have prospered because they havelearned not just to weather unpredictability, but to game thepolitical system, which is failing India s poor. Measures ofmalnutriti
59、on and stunting reveal an alarming backward slideover the past year. The unemployment rate shows some recoveryfrom the worst of the covid shock, but that fails to capturethe astonishing bleakness of India s labour market. Beforecovid hit, barely 40% of adults were in paid work, according22to the Cen
60、tre for Monitoring the Indian Economy, a researchfirm. N ow only 36% are. The rest, including legions ofhousewives, see no point in even looking for a job.36. According to Paragraph 1, the author implies that inIndia . A rich people should attribute their fortunes to luck B Adani and Ambani have gra
61、sped all the main sections C the economy has witnessed a growing prosperity last year D the inequality between the rich and poor is getting worse37. The word “ corner” (Line 5, Para. 2) is closest in meaningto . A monopolize B blow C stimulate D promote38. The tilt of wealth in India may lead to . A
62、 development in technical innovation and productivity B political influence in existing and new markets C increasingly worsening competition in the market D disadvantaged position in international competition39. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A India s super- rich fed by foreign capital are
63、thriving23disproportionally. B International investors used to fund small corporations inIndia. C India s government has taken effective moves againstinequality during the epidemic. D Mr. Ambani enjoys a high reputation among internationalinvestors.40. From the last Paragraph, we can conclude that-.
64、 A individual abilities of Indian tycoons play a decisive rolein wealth accumulation B Indian political institution should take the blame for itsunhealthy economy C the unemployment rate in India has hit the bottom after thecovid shock D the unemployment rate raises a red flag for economicdepression
65、Part BDirections： The following paragraphs are given in a wrongorder. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize24these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosingfrom the listA-G andfilling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C andF have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the
66、 AN SWERSHEET. (10 points) ABefore you start writing a review, you should remember thata detailed retelling of what is going on in the painting reducesthe value of the review： first, it is not interesting to readthe work itself； secondly, one of the criteria for a weakreview is rightly considered su
67、bstitution of analysis andinterpretation of the text by retelling it. Every paintingbegins with a title that you interpret as you look at it. N ext,after you are finished preparing for the writing, it is timeto understand how to write an art review. B In the next paragraph, describe all the feelings
68、 from whatyou saw. You can express admiration from the viewed work inrapturous form. For example： ” delightful,“ amazing,“ cool,“ super, and I want to see such the picture daily, wakingup in the morning. Give an assessment that is closest to youin the conversation genre. CA review of a work of art m
69、ust consist of several points.25In the first paragraph, give the general characteristics of thepicture, its actual description, and specify in detai 1 what yousee in it. Make a special emphasis on the moments that areespecially attracting attention and leave an indelibleimpression. For example： ”The
70、 picture depicts a turquoise sea,the beautiful silvery sand attracts attention, the endless bluesky catches your eye, and there is a sense of silence,_whichis_ disturbed only by the sound of the surf and the distantoutbursts of the oars.”DFurther, it will be helpful to sort out all the associationsa
71、nd thoughts that came to your mind from what you saw. Forexample： ”The landscape of the painting is associated with thevacation, which the viewer wants so much to spend on the shoresof the azure sea, far from the hustle and bustle of daily worries,plunging into peace and quiet.”EIn the conclusion of
72、 the description, give ageneral description of the artist s works and yourdescription of the picture viewed. Give a direction for furthercreativity, indicate what style, what genre you would like tosee in the future, and what products you plan to purchase for26your own interior, collection, or as a
73、gift. Summarizeeverything you described. For example： uModern painting isincreasingly pleased with burning and saturated works. Moderncreativity overcame postmodernism and expressiveness,returning connoisseurs to the real world of reality, and youngartists opened the entire brink of creative potenti
74、al that hadpreviously been inaccessible and shone with_new colors.” FDevelop your own idea. Describe in detail what happened toyou after what you saw. Describe what needs to be added, whatdetail the artist has missed, what impression the picturewould_have made if additional landscapes were added, an
75、d ifthe color of the paint was changed or the canvas was decoratedin a different style. G The artist s exhibition is not only the viewing of worksof art, but also the sale of paintings and the collection ofreviews of visitors and connoisseurs of painting. The reviewshelp to open a new facet of the artist s talent, to evaluateits expositions and to look in a new light on what has alreadybeen done and what is to be done in order to gain moreadmirers_ and reach world level fame and popularity.2744. 41：42：C_43：44：_ F_45： _28
