Beijing OperaBeijing Opera Part 1: The origin of Beijing operaPart 2: The profession and artistic formPart 3: facial makeup and costumesPart 4: Famous characters and comparisonPart 5: conclusioncontents The origin of Beijing opera Ancient Chinese Opera originated in Qing and Han Dynasty, which came from traditional songs and dances, such as the Nuo play(傩戏) and Community‘s Fire(社火). Drama formed matured in Yuan Dynasty and Yuan Zaju is a sign of maturity of Chinese classical drama. Dou E Yuan, by Guan Han Qing, is one of the representatives of Yuan Zaju. Beijing OperaAnhui troupes 1790Hubei troupes1828Fully formedBy 1845 In 1790s,four well-known opera groups from Anhui province headed to Beijing to celebrate 80th birthday of the Qianlong Emperor and then Anhui Opera(徽剧徽剧) integrated(整合整合) with Shanxi Opera(秦腔秦腔) and Kunqu Opera(昆剧昆剧)They are named Sanqing(三庆班三庆班) Sixi(四喜四喜班班) Hechun(和春班和春班) and Chuntai(春台班春台班) In 1828, some opera groups from Hubei province arrived in Beijing and then the Erhuang(二黄二黄) Tone merged with Xipi(西皮西皮) Tone of Hubei forming a new type of music called Pihuang(皮黄皮黄)The groups from Anhui province and Hubei province always acted in the same stage . Gradually, a new opera with Beijing dialect (方言方言)pronunciation was born. The profession of Beijing opera Male Role (Sheng)生生生生旦旦净净丑丑 Female Role (Dan)旦旦Painted Face Male (Jing)净净Comedy Actor or Clown （小丑）（小丑）(Chou)丑丑 Main Roles in Beijing Opera Sheng Male roles: (1)middle-aged or old men(老生老生)(2) young men(小生小生)(3) men with martial (军事的；战争的）军事的；战争的） skills(武生武生) Sheng in chinese may means “strange” or “rare”, but the most taboo in acting is “sheng”. The reason by that name of sheng is to asked actors sophistication(成熟老练，老于世故). So the chief male role is a well known character The laosheng is dignified(庄庄严地；高地；高贵的）的） older role .These characters have a gentle and cultivated（有（有教养教养的）的）disposition（性情）（性情） and wear sensible（明（明智的）智的） costumesLaosheng Xiaosheng Young male characters are known as xiaosheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill(尖尖锐的）的） voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence（（青青春春期期）） WushengThe wusheng is a martial character for roles involving combat(战斗）斗）. They are highly trained in acrobatics（（杂技）技）, and have a natural voice when singing Dan female roles: (1) a woman with a strict moral code（道德准则）（道德准则）(青衣青衣) (2) Young girl(花旦花旦) (3) an elderly woman（大龄女人）（大龄女人）(老旦老旦) The Dan refers to any female role in Beijing Opera. Old women were played by laodan. Martial women were wudan. young female warriors were daomadan. virtuous (贞洁的的) and elite women were qingyi,and vivacious (活活泼的的)and unmarried women were huadan Wudan Laodan Daomadan Huadan Qingyi Dan, which means “morning” or “masculine”(阳性的），阳性的），is contrary to the feminine (阴性的）阴性的）nature of the characters. Women belong to feminine. So the opposite meanings is “Dan” Jingpainted face: (1)categories(派别派别) of leading (正净正净)(2)(2) assisting(副净副净)(3) military jing(武净武净) It is characterized by singing(唱唱) It is characterized by acting(做做) It features acrobatics(杂技杂技) and stunts(打打) Chou Clown(丑角丑角):（（1））gentle comedian(文丑文丑)（（2））military comedian(武丑武丑)（（3））female comedian(女丑女丑) Chou has the meaning "ugly". This reflects the traditional belief that the clown's combination of ugliness and laughter could drive away evil spirits. Wen Chou, civilian roles such as merchants（商人）（商人） and jailers. Wu Chou, minor military roles. The Wu Chou is one of the most demanding in Peking opera because of its combination of comic acting, acrobatics and a strong voice. The artistic form of Beijing opera Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts. That are sing, read , do and fight. Sing and Read make up the "song", one of the two elements for the performing arts Do and Fight make up another big factor "dance" singing is good at using vocal skills to express the character's personality, emotional and mental state “read” means NianBai, cooperate with sing and complement each other, also the important art means of characters thoughts and feelings “Fight” general divided into “Handle work" and “Blanket work“ and it also refers to some hard skills “Do” generally refers to the form of dance movements and is one of the main sign of drama. facial makeup lFacial makeup (脸脸谱谱)originates from masks of sacrifice（祭祀）（祭祀）.lThe facial makeup can Suggested character, introduce characteristic and distinguish(区分区分) between good evil beauty and ugliness . red denotes uprightness(正直正直) and loyalty(忠诚忠诚) White represents evil or crafty characters. black is given to characters of soundness and integrity(正直正直). Yellow represents ferocious(凶凶恶恶) or sinister characters. Blue and Green represent neutral character especially for outlaws of the marshes Gold and silver(银色银色) are given to character of mystery especially for ghosts and gods. Costume of Beijing opera COSTUME:1、、The first clothing 2、、The second clothing 3、、The third clothing The first clothing Classify:Python(大蟒大蟒) Improve python Flag of python Officer dress Improve officer dress Learn petty officer dress The judge clothes crane cloak and Cape …… PythonImprove python Officer dressImprove officer dress The judge clothescrane cloak and Cape The magistrate(地方官地方官) may wear an officer dress when there is performance of local officialsThe emperor, officials performance gentlemen are commonly used in clothing leisure time: Cape, open cloak and pleats For female court officials, mainly clothing, such as the queen wife: female python, female officer dress temple, etc.To shape women's wife, miss, maids, and poverty of women garment has: female Cape,, skirts, pants, jacket ,etc. The second clothing Depend Improve depend Arrow clothes Jacket Hold clothing Green tunic Tea garment sleeve DependImprove depend Arrow clothesJacket Hold clothing Green tunic Tea garment sleeve Commonly known two kinds.(1)film class(2) hard classThe third clothing Water jacket: The work clothes provided by the actor, and without prejudice(偏见偏见) to the protection of the coat and the two of the clothes in the performance (from the weather, or excessive sweating).film class Fat coat: Main portray(描绘描绘) different characters have a healthy soul body, which is similar to the function of shoulder pads. Colored trousers:Colored trousers can roughly be divided into three kinds of names, namely red colored trousers, black color pants, variegated(杂色的杂色的) color pants . Collar: Because of the clothing style, two clothes are mostly T-shirts in order to make the characters of the perfect shape, in the show not dew neck. Therefore in front of the dress actors to take on a neck collar. Socks: (cloth socks)It is two kinds of style, the waist high socks, designed for blessing shoe, wear the soap shoes character wears, second waist short socks, designed for Dan wear colored shoes use. Thick bottom: the bottom thickness is based on actor height or actors performing level, North Korea: it is special made for Wen Chou, about one inch thick.Character: the old shoe civilian common layer shoe, short side bottom thickness of an inch. hard class Climb cloud shoe: male immortal characters commonly used, short side bottom thickness is two inch, two inch five.Soap shoes: For the slaveThin bottom: male martial arts actor of universal. Colored shoes: it is a common use for women.Color thin bottom: thin bottom is a female martial arts actor of universal. The famous characters of Peking opera Mei Lanfang (October 22, 1894 – August 8, 1961) was one of the most famous Peking opera artists in modern history, exclusively(专专门门地地) known for his Qingyi roles. Mei was born in Beijing in 1894 into a family of Peking opera and Kunqu performers of Taizhou, Jiangsu ancestry. He made his stage debut in 1904 when he was 10 years old. Mei played an important part in the performance tradition of Kunqu, noted particularly for his interpretations of Du Liniang and Bái Sùzhēn and Beauty Yu. •Wang Peiyu was born in Suzhou at March 4, 1978, she is a famous female laosheng. •In 1992, she was admitted to the Shanghai Opera School Representative works :《失空斩》《搜孤救孤》《捉放曹》《文昭关》《失空斩》《搜孤救孤》《捉放曹》《文昭关》《击鼓骂曹》《击鼓骂曹》 The comparison between east and west about opera West partOpera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and soon spread through the rest of Europe.Opera seria was elevated in tone and highly stylised in form. East partPerforming troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary(第第三三的的) performers. With their elaborate(精精巧巧的的) and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera‘s characteristically sparse（（稀稀少少的的）） stage. Conclusion Words:•Integrate [ˈɪntɪgreɪt]•Dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt]•Martial [ˈmɑ:ʃl]•Sophistication [səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn]•Dignified [ˈdɪgnɪfaɪd]•Cultivate [ˈkʌltɪveɪt]•Disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn]•Portray [pɔ:ˈtreɪ]•adj.庄严的庄严的; 高贵的高贵的•n.方言，土语方言，土语; 语调语调•使整合使整合; 使完整使完整•vt. vt.耕作，种植耕作，种植; 教养教养•n.性情，性格性情，性格; 意向，倾向意向，倾向•adj.军事的军事的; 战争的战争的; 尚武的尚武的•vt.描绘描绘; 描述描述; 画像画像; 描画描画•n.老练，精明老练，精明; 强词夺理强词夺理 •Sensible [ˈsensəbl] •Shrill [ʃrɪl] •Adolescence [ˌædəuˈlesəns] •Combat [ˈkɔmbət] •Acrobatics [ˌækrəˈbætɪks] •elderly woman•Sparse [spɑ:s] •Category [ˈkætiɡəri] •adj.尖锐的尖锐的; 刺耳的刺耳的 •adj.明智的明智的; 合乎情理的合乎情理的•vt.与与…战斗战斗; 与与…斗争斗争•n.青春期青春期; 青年期青年期•adj.稀疏的稀疏的; 稀少的稀少的 •n.类型类型; 部门部门; 种类种类•n.杂技杂技; 杂技艺术杂技艺术•大龄女人大龄女人 THANKS 。