一名词和冠词

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1、一、名一、名词词和冠和冠词词语法精讲语法精讲一、名词一、名词考点一考点一名词的数名词的数1.1.物质名词物质名词( (如如:air,water,milk,paper,money):air,water,milk,paper,money)和抽象名词和抽象名词( (如如:happiness,:happiness,health,knowledge,traffic)health,knowledge,traffic) 一般都是不可数名词。一般都是不可数名词。特别提示特别提示要熟记下列名词,它们在英语中一般是不可数名词:advice,baggage/luggage,furniture,equipment,f

2、un,weather,information,luck,progress,work,homework,news,word (消息)等。有些词,以及一些学科名词,虽然以虽然以“s”结尾结尾,但意义上却是单数。如:news新闻;politics政治;mathematics数学;physics物理。有些词,通常只有复数形式。如:compasses圆规;glasses眼镜;parents父母亲;shoes鞋;slippers拖鞋;trousers裤子;twins双胞胎;amusements娱乐活动;ashes灰烬;brains头脑;congratulations祝贺;in dozens成打地;do e

3、xercises做操;furs皮毛;Good heavens!天哪!jaws嘴巴;jewels首饰;mountains山脉;movements活动情况;muscles肌肉;nobles贵族;take/makenotes记笔记;plastics塑料制品;in rags衣衫褴褛;make repairs修理;resources资源;in high spirits情绪高昂;stairs楼梯;take turns轮流;tears眼泪;tens of thousands of好几万;thanks感谢;troops部队。有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器;cloth布

4、/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物;green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩;time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/words话语;work

5、工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。2.2.不可数名词常用不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of(a) little,much,a great deal of 等修饰等修饰, ,可数名词常用可数名词常用(a) few,(a) few,many,a number ofmany,a number of等修饰。等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty ofa lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。名词。3.3.抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感

6、、情绪的人或事具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事, ,具体指特定的某一件事时具体指特定的某一件事时, ,这一抽这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。象名词可作为可数名词。difficultydifficulty困难困难;a difficulty;a difficulty一件难事一件难事failurefailure失败失败;a failure;a failure一个失败者一个失败者; ;一件失败的事一件失败的事successsuccess成功成功;a success;a success一位成功者一位成功者; ;一件成功的事一件成功的事surprisesurprise惊奇惊奇;a surprise

7、;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事一件令人吃惊的事honourhonour荣誉荣誉; ;an honouran honour一位带来荣誉的人一位带来荣誉的人, ,一件带来荣誉的事一件带来荣誉的事Failure is the mother of success.Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。失败是成功之母。His new book was a great success.His new book was a great success.他的新书非常成功。他的新书非常成功。4.4.单数名词变为复数名词单数名词变为复数名词一般情况加一般情况加

8、-s,-s,以以s,sh,ch,xs,sh,ch,x等结尾加等结尾加-es-es。以。以ce,se,zece,se,ze等结尾加等结尾加-s-s。其他名词。其他名词复数的变化如下复数的变化如下: :(1)(1)以以-o-o结尾的名词变为复数时结尾的名词变为复数时, ,常在词尾加常在词尾加-s,-s,但下列名词要加但下列名词要加-es,-es,它们是它们是: :hero,echo,potato,tomatohero,echo,potato,tomato 记忆口诀记忆口诀 英雄英雄在回声在回声中吃土豆中吃土豆、西红柿、西红柿 即即 heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoeshe

9、roes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes 。 (2)(2)以以-f-f或或-fe-fe结尾的名词变为复数时结尾的名词变为复数时, ,一般一般f f或或fefe去掉加去掉加-ves,-ves,它们是它们是:self,:self,life,thief,wife,knife,leaf,shelf,wolf,halflife,thief,wife,knife,leaf,shelf,wolf,half 记忆口诀记忆口诀 为了自己为了自己活命活命, ,小偷小偷和他的妻子和他的妻子手里拿着刀子手里拿着刀子和树叶和树叶站在架子站在架子上上, ,把狼把狼劈成两半劈成两半。 但下列以但下列以-f

10、-f 或或-fe-fe 结尾的名词直接加结尾的名词直接加-s,-s,它们是它们是 roof,chief,belief,saferoof,chief,belief,safe 记忆口诀记忆口诀 屋顶屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱上的首领信仰保险箱。 (3)(3)“man/woman+n.man/woman+n.”变复数时变复数时, ,作定语的作定语的man/womanman/woman和中心词都要变复数。和中心词都要变复数。men teachersmen teachers男老师男老师women engineerswomen engineers女工程师女工程师考点二考点二名词的构词法名词的构词法1.1.动词

11、变名词的后缀动词变名词的后缀后缀后缀例词例词existexistenceexistexistence存在存在occuroccurrenceoccuroccurrence发生发生referreferencereferreference查阅查阅/ /参考参考preferpreferencepreferpreference更喜欢更喜欢/ /偏好偏好differdifferencedifferdifference不同不同acceptacceptanceacceptacceptance接受接受-ence,-ence,appearappearanceappearappearance出现出现/ /外表外表p

12、erformperformanceperformperformance履行履行-ance-anceresistresistanceresistresistance抵制抵制guideguidanceguideguidance指导指导enterentranceenterentrance进入进入insureinsuranceinsureinsurance保险保险assistassistanceassistassistance帮助帮助endureenduranceendureendurance/tolerate/toleratetolerancetolerance忍受忍受produceproducti

13、onproduceproduction生产生产consumeconsumptionconsumeconsumption消费消费destroydestructiondestroydestruction毁灭毁灭introduceintroduction introduceintroduction 介绍介绍reducereductionreducereduction减少减少describedescriptiondescribedescription描写描写assumeassumption/supposesuppositionassumeassumption/supposesupposition认为认

14、为 / /假设假设-tion,-tion,interruptinterruptioninterruptinterruption打断打断 adoptadoptionadoptadoption采纳采纳/ /收养收养receivereceptionreceivereception接收接收/ /接待处接待处-sion-sionpreventpreventionpreventprevention防止防止solvesolutionsolvesolution解决解决evolveevolutionevolveevolution进化进化suggestsuggestionsuggestsuggestion建议建议

15、exhibitexhibitionexhibitexhibition展览展览editeditioneditedition编辑编辑/ /版本版本intendintentionintendintention打算打算/ /意图意图recognizerecognitionrecognizerecognition认出认出definedefinition definedefinition 解释解释/ /定义定义protectprotectionprotectprotection保护保护instructinstructioninstructinstruction指令指令injectinjectioninje

16、ctinjection注射注射rejectrejectionrejectrejection驳斥驳斥directdirectiondirectdirection方向方向/ /指导指导constructconstructionconstructconstruction建设建设infectinfectioninfectinfection感染感染-tion,-tion,objectobjection/opposeoppositionobjectobjection/opposeopposition反对反对collectcollectioncollectcollection收集收集-sion-sionco

17、nnectconnectionconnectconnection连接连接correctcorrectioncorrectcorrection纠正纠正inspectinspectioninspectinspection视察视察selectselectionselectselection挑选挑选electelectionelectelection选举选举restrictrestrictionrestrictrestriction限制限制contradictcontradictioncontradictcontradiction抵触抵触/ /矛盾矛盾reservereservationreserve

18、reservation保留保留starvestarvationstarvestarvation挨饿挨饿preservepreservationpreservepreservation保存保存organizeorganizationorganizeorganization组织组织conserveconservationconserveconservation保护保护observeobservationobserveobservation观察观察civilizecivilizationcivilizecivilization文明文明 realizerealizationrealizerealiza

19、tion认识认识-tion,-tion,examineexaminationexamineexamination考试考试-sion-sionformformationformformation形成形成imagineimaginationimagineimagination想象想象inviteinvitationinviteinvitation邀请邀请tempttemptationtempttemptation诱惑诱惑immigrateimmigrationimmigrateimmigration移民移民determinedeterminationdeterminedetermination决定

20、决定informinformationinforminformation通知通知transporttransportationtransporttransportation运输运输expectexpectationexpectexpectation期待期待adaptadaptationadaptadaptation改编改编/ /适应适应imitateimitationimitateimitation模仿模仿preparepreparationpreparepreparation准备准备decoratedecorationdecoratedecoration装饰装饰relaxrelaxation

21、relaxrelaxation放松放松/ /休闲休闲exploreexplorationexploreexploration探索探索inspireinspirationinspireinspiration激发激发/ /灵感灵感considerconsiderationconsiderconsideration考虑考虑 declaredeclarationdeclaredeclaration宣布宣布-tion,-tion,communicatecommunicationcommunicatecommunication交流交流-sion-sionoccupyoccupationoccupyoccu

22、pation占用占用/ /职业职业 satisfysatisfactionsatisfysatisfaction满足满足applyapplicationapplyapplication申请申请/ /应用应用 implyimplicationimplyimplication暗示暗示recommendrecommendationrecommendrecommendation推荐推荐interpretinterpretationinterpretinterpretation口译口译/ /理解理解combinecombinationcombinecombination结合结合operateoperat

23、ionoperateoperation操作操作/ /手术手术hesitatehesitationhesitatehesitation犹豫犹豫locatelocationlocatelocation定位定位educateeducationeducateeducation教育教育indicateindicationindicateindication指出指出participateparticipationparticipateparticipation参加参加 calculatecalculationcalculatecalculation计算计算appreciateappreciationapp

24、reciateappreciation欣赏欣赏/ /感激感激-tion,-tion,associateassociationassociateassociation联想联想/ /协会协会hibernatehibernationhibernatehibernation冬眠冬眠-sion-sionseparateseparationseparateseparation分离分离compensatecompensationcompensatecompensation赔偿赔偿investigateinvestigationinvestigateinvestigation调查调查celebratecele

25、brationcelebratecelebration庆祝庆祝congratulatecongratulationcongratulatecongratulation祝贺祝贺translatetranslationtranslatetranslation翻译翻译accumulateaccumulationaccumulateaccumulation积累积累accelerateaccelerationaccelerateacceleration加速加速donatedonationdonatedonation捐赠捐赠liberateliberationliberateliberation解放解放i

26、nnovateinnovationinnovateinnovation革新革新motivatemotivationmotivatemotivation动力动力-tion,-tion,concentrateconcentrationconcentrateconcentration集中集中-sion-siondemonstratedemonstrationdemonstratedemonstration游行游行/ /示威示威contributecontributioncontributecontribution贡献贡献distributedistributiondistributedistribu

27、tion分发分发promotepromotion promotepromotion 促进促进devotedevotion/dedicatededicationdevotedevotion/dedicatededication致力致力frustratefrustration/depressdepressionfrustratefrustration/depressdepression沮丧沮丧impressimpressionimpressimpression印象印象expressexpressionexpressexpression表达表达possesspossessionpossessposs

28、ession拥有拥有/ /财产财产discussdiscussiondiscussdiscussion讨论讨论extendextensionextendextension延伸延伸permitpermissionpermitpermission允许允许explodeexplosionexplodeexplosion爆炸爆炸decidedecisiondecidedecision决定决定confuseconfusionconfuseconfusion迷惑迷惑-tion,-tion,-sion-sionexpandexpansionexpandexpansion扩大扩大admitadmissiona

29、dmitadmission承认承认emitemissionemitemission排放排放concludeconclusionconcludeconclusion结论结论dividedivisiondividedivision划分划分-ment-mentadvertiseadvertisementadvertiseadvertisement广告广告 agreeagreementagreeagreement同意同意amazeamazementamazeamazement惊奇惊奇astonishastonishmentastonishastonishment吃惊吃惊announceannounce

30、mentannounceannouncement通告通告arrangearrangementarrangearrangement安排安排assessassessmentassessassessment评估评估developdevelopmentdevelopdevelopment发展发展disappointdisappointmentdisappointdisappointment失望失望employemploymentemployemployment雇用雇用/ /就业就业encourageencouragementencourageencouragement鼓舞鼓舞entertainente

31、rtainmententertainentertainment款待款待/ /娱乐娱乐equipequipmentequipequipment装备装备governgovernmentgoverngovernment统治统治/ /政府政府improveimprovementimproveimprovement改进改进investinvestmentinvestinvestment投资投资involveinvolvementinvolveinvolvement卷入卷入managemanagementmanagemanagement管理管理-ment-mentpunishpunishmentpunis

32、hpunishment惩惩requirerequirementrequirerequirement要求要求retireretirementretireretirement退休退休settlesettlementsettlesettlement定居定居/ /定居处定居处statestatementstatestatement阐述阐述/ /陈述陈述treattreatmenttreattreatment对待对待/ /治疗治疗basebasementbasebasement以以为基础为基础/ /地下室地下室pavepavementpavepavement铺平铺平/ /人行道人行道achieveach

33、ievement/accomplishaccomplishmentachieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment完成完成 / /成就成就teachteacherteachteacher教书教书 / /老师老师-er,-or-er,-or员员conductconductorconductconductor指挥指挥 / /员员-ing-ing-ure-ure-y-yhearhearinghearhearing听听 ( (力力) )failfailurefailfailure失败失败announceannouncerannounceannouncer播音播音

34、/ /beginbeginningbeginbeginning开始开始presspressurepresspressure压力压力departdeparturedepartdeparture离开离开recoverrecoveryrecoverrecovery恢复恢复discoverdiscoverydiscoverdiscovery发现发现2.2.形容词变名词的后缀形容词变名词的后缀后缀后缀-age-age例词例词shortshortageshortshortage不足不足; ;短缺短缺efficientefficiencyefficientefficiency效率效率; ;功效功效fluen

35、tfluencyfluentfluency流利流利; ;流畅流畅accurateaccuracyaccurateaccuracy准确性准确性privateprivacyprivateprivacy隐私隐私; ;私密私密freefreedomfreefreedom自由自由; ;自主自主wisewisdomwisewisdom明智明智; ;智慧智慧differentdifferencedifferentdifference差异差异silentsilencesilentsilence沉默沉默-cy-cy-dom-dom-ence-ence-ness-nessweakweaknessweakweakn

36、ess虚弱虚弱; ;弱点弱点kindkindnesskindkindness仁慈仁慈; ;好意好意carelesscarelessnesscarelesscarelessness粗心大意粗心大意strongstrengthstrongstrength力气力气; ;强项强项warmwarmthwarmwarmth温暖温暖; ;热情热情honesthonestyhonesthonesty诚实诚实difficultdifficultydifficultdifficulty困难困难cruelcrueltycruelcruelty残酷残酷; ;残暴残暴safesafetysafesafety安全安全di

37、sabledisabilitydisabledisability无能无能; ;伤残伤残responsibleresponsibilityresponsibleresponsibility责任责任-th-th-y-y-ty-ty-ity-ity二、冠词二、冠词冠词包括不定冠词冠词包括不定冠词a/ana/an和定冠词和定冠词the,the,不用冠词的情况也可称为零冠词。不用冠词的情况也可称为零冠词。a/a/anan的基本含义为的基本含义为“一个一个” , ,表泛指表泛指;the;the的基本含义是的基本含义是“这个这个 , ,那个那个”, ,表特指。表特指。通常第一次出现的可数名词前用通常第一次出

38、现的可数名词前用a/ana/an修饰修饰, ,重复出现时用重复出现时用thethe修饰。修饰。考点一考点一不定冠词不定冠词(a/an)(a/an)的用法的用法( (八个八个“一一”) )Ill return in a day or two.Ill return in a day or two.我一两天就回来。我一两天就回来。We have eight classes a day.We have eight classes a day.我们每天上八节课。我们每天上八节课。The children are of an age.The children are of an age.这些孩子们同岁。这

39、些孩子们同岁。“一一”(=one)(=one)“每一每一” (=per)(=per)“同一同一”(=the same)(=the same)“一类一类”(=(=复数名词复数名词) )“任一任一”(=any)(=any)“某一某一”(=a certain)(=a certain)“一个、一场、一次、一个、一场、一次、一件一件”( (抽象抽象名词名词) )“一种一种( (份份, ,阵阵) )”( (物质名词物质名词) )A A horsehorse isis a a usefuluseful animal.animal.马是一种有用的动物。马是一种有用的动物。A A dictionarydicti

40、onary isis enough.enough.一本词典足够。一本词典足够。A A Mr.SmithMr.Smith isis waitingwaiting toto seesee you.you.一位史密斯一位史密斯先生正等着见你。先生正等着见你。AsAsa amanager,hemanager,heisisa asuccesssuccesswhilewhileasasa afatherfather hehe isis a a failure.failure.作为一名经理作为一名经理, ,他是位成他是位成功者功者, ,而作为一名父亲他是个失败者。而作为一名父亲他是个失败者。WhatWhat

41、 a a heavyheavy rain!rain!多大的一场雨啊多大的一场雨啊! !考点二考点二定冠词定冠词thethe的用法的用法1.1.特指上文提及的或读者清楚的或受定语修饰的人或物。特指上文提及的或读者清楚的或受定语修饰的人或物。Where is the teacher you talked about yesterday?Where is the teacher you talked about yesterday?你昨天谈到的那位老师在哪儿你昨天谈到的那位老师在哪儿? ?2.2.用于单数可数名词前用于单数可数名词前, ,表示整个类属。表示整个类属。The tiger is in d

42、anger of becoming extinct.The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎濒临灭绝。老虎濒临灭绝。Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.18761876年亚历山大年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。贝尔发明了电话。3.3.用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/ /物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。The Greens live a happ

43、y life.The Greens live a happy life.格林一家人过着幸福的生活。格林一家人过着幸福的生活。The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.受伤者被立刻送往医院。受伤者被立刻送往医院。4.4.表示世界上独一无二的事物。如表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:the moon,the sun,the earth,the :the moon,the sun,the earth,the universe,the world,t

44、he skyuniverse,the world,the sky等。等。特别提示特别提示当这些名词前有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。如:a bright moon,a new world。有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词,如:space太空,nature自然,man人类。5.5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如:in the east,in the northwest,:in the east,in the northwest,play the pianoplay the piano。6.6.用于序数词和形容词最高级前面。用于序数词和形容词最高

45、级前面。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China. 在中在中国杨利伟是第一个进入太空的人。国杨利伟是第一个进入太空的人。This is the best film Ive ever seen.This is the best film Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。特别提示特别提示当序数词不表示顺序而表示当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一又一,再一再一”

46、时时,用不定冠词。如:a second time,意为意为“再一次再一次;又一次又一次”。7.7.用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are goingIt is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are goingto university for further education.to university for further education.在在202

47、0世纪世纪9090年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。8.8.“动词动词+sb.+sb.+介词介词+the+the+身体某一部位身体某一部位”结构中的结构中的thethe不可用物主代词代替。不可用物主代词代替。take sb.by the armtake sb.by the arm抓某人的胳膊抓某人的胳膊hit sb.on the headhit sb.on the head砸在了某人的砸在了某人的头上。头上。9.9.用在固定搭配中。如用在固定搭配中。如:by the way,in the distance,in the morning,in:by the

48、way,in the distance,in the morning,inthe end,in the direction of,on the whole,on the other hand,the the end,in the direction of,on the whole,on the other hand,the other day,to tell the truth,in the country,all the time,go to other day,to tell the truth,in the country,all the time,go to thecinema,in

49、the open air,on the radio,at the same time,at the thecinema,in the open air,on the radio,at the same time,at the momentmoment等。等。考点三考点三零冠词的用法零冠词的用法1.1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前, ,一般不加冠词。一般不加冠词。如如:China,America,Smith:China,America,Smith。2.2.表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、表示季节、

50、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。January 1st is New Years Day.January 1st is New Years Day.一月一日是新年。一月一日是新年。I like physics though its a bit difficult.I like physics though its a bit difficult.尽管物理有点难尽管物理有点难, ,但是我喜欢它。但是我喜欢它。I always have breakfast at home and lunch at school.I alwa

51、ys have breakfast at home and lunch at school.我总是在家里吃早饭我总是在家里吃早饭, ,在学校吃午饭。在学校吃午饭。Some students will play basketball after school.Some students will play basketball after school.有些学生放学以后打篮球。有些学生放学以后打篮球。特别提示特别提示表示语言的名词之后有language时则要加定冠词,如 the English language。如果表示季节的名词指具体某年的某个季节,需加定冠词,如 in the spring

52、of the year 2012。在中国的传统节日前用定冠词the。如:the Spring Festival。3.3.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时 , ,不加冠词。常用的名词有不加冠词。常用的名词有king,president,chairman,monitor,head king,president,chairman,monitor,head 等。等。We made Jack monitor of our class.We made Jack monitor of our class.我们选杰克当我们

53、班的班长。我们选杰克当我们班的班长。4.4.在某些固定词组、习惯用语中在某些固定词组、习惯用语中, ,不用冠词。不用冠词。(1)(1)相对应使用的词相对应使用的词, ,如如father and son,husband and wife,knife and father and son,husband and wife,knife and fork,sun and moonfork,sun and moon等。等。(2)(2)介词短语介词短语, ,如如from door to door,at noon/night/midnight,in case from door to door,at noo

54、n/night/midnight,in case of fireof fire等。等。(3)(3)动词短语动词短语, ,如如catch fire,catch sight of,come to power,watch TVcatch fire,catch sight of,come to power,watch TV 等。等。5.5.“零冠词零冠词+ +单数名词单数名词+as/though+as/though+主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +主句主句”, ,意为意为“虽然虽然/ /尽管尽管但但是是”。Hero as he is,he has some shortcomings.Hero as he

55、is,he has some shortcomings.虽然他是英雄虽然他是英雄, ,但他也有一些缺点。但他也有一些缺点。6.6.常用的固定词组辨析常用的固定词组辨析at table at table 就餐就餐at the tableat the table在桌子旁在桌子旁in hospital in hospital 住院住院in the hospital in the hospital 在医院在医院in front of in front of 在在的前面的前面( (外部外部) )in the front of in the front of 在在的前面的前面( (内部内部) )go to

56、 school go to school 去上学去上学go to the school go to the school 去学校去学校in charge of.in charge of.负责负责in the charge of.in the charge of.由由负责负责out of question out of question 没问题没问题out of the question out of the question 不可能不可能真题链接真题链接1.Like many things in life,its 1.Like many things in life,its ongoing p

57、rocess.ongoing process.( (2017年11月浙江) )2.You wouldnt think that a few 2.You wouldnt think that a few (month) of exercise in (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life.your teens would be enough for the rest of your life.( (2017年11月浙江) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.an考查冠词。此处所填单词修饰名

58、词process,是抽象名词具体化的用法,意为意为“一个持续的过程一个持续的过程”。2.months考查名词复数。根据句意,此处所填单词由a few 修饰,因此要用复数名词。3.Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 3.Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small and was about to throw them away.(and was about to throw them away.( 2017年6月浙江) )(carrot) (carrot) 4.This development was

59、 only possible with the 4.This development was only possible with the of electric-powered engines and lifts.(of electric-powered engines and lifts.( 2017全国全国) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :(introduce)(introduce)3.carrots考查名词复数。a handful of一把,几个,后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。4.introduction考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知,此处需用

60、名词形式,动词introduce去去“e”加后缀加后缀-tion构成名词形式。5.For Pahlsson,its return was 5.For Pahlsson,its return was 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :5.a考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。wonder.(wonder.(2017年6月浙江) )跟踪训练跟踪训练.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.As 1.As result,people will eat more food to try to make up forresult,people will eat more food to try to make up for

61、that something missing.(that something missing.(2017全国全国) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.a考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。2.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to 2.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads abo

62、ve as they (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(travelled to and from work.( 2017全国全国) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :2.crowds考查名词复数。考查名词复数。avoid“避免避免”,后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作作“人群人群”讲讲时,为可数名词,故需用复数形式。3.The study was in people who were not parents of the baby,yet the

63、y 3.The study was in people who were not parents of the baby,yet they were all responding at 100 meters to these particular were all responding at 100 meters to these particular . .(sound) made by the baby.(sound) made by the baby.(2018咸阳二模) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.sounds考查名词复数。那个研究是在并不是孩子父母的人中间做的,然而他们都对孩子发

64、出的这些特殊的声音的作出了反应。根据语意和句子结构,此处需要名词,同时是以复数名词表示类属关系,因此用复数形式。4.He seemed to have sensed my discomfort so he tried to ease my 4.He seemed to have sensed my discomfort so he tried to ease my (anxious)by introducing himself.(anxious)by introducing himself.( 2018江西八校二模) )5.Cheering from the crowd was mixed w

65、ith drums and music as local 5.Cheering from the crowd was mixed with drums and music as local community community (group) waved banners,flags,and carry lanterns.(group) waved banners,flags,and carry lanterns.(2018福建泉州模拟)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :4.anxiety考查名词。句意:他似乎感觉到了我的不舒服,所以介绍他自己来减轻我的焦虑。根据句意和句子结构,此处应该用相应的名词。

66、5.groups考查名词复数。句意:当地的社区组织举着横幅、旗帜,拿着灯笼,人群的欢呼声中伴随着鼓声和音乐的声音。根据语境和句子结构,此处所填单词作主语,同时表示复数概念,因此用groups。6.Although 6.Although development of these two countries has a lot indevelopment of these two countries has a lot in. .common,there are some striking differences as well.(common,there are some striking di

67、fferences as well.( 2018嘉兴一模) )7.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 7.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while.(while.(2018杭州质检) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :6.the考查冠词。此处的句意是考查冠词。此处的句意是“尽管这两个国家的发展有很多的共同之尽管这两个国家的发展有很多的共同之处,但是它们也有很多明显的不同但是它们也有很多明显的不同”。此处特指这两个国家的发展。此处特指这两个国家的

68、发展,因此用the。7.a考查冠词。for a while一会儿。8.As you know,there is 8.As you know,there is opening position in my department.opening position in my department.9.She said with the enthusiasm of 9.She said with the enthusiasm of eight-year-old child eight-year-old child having just been presented with a new dog.h

69、aving just been presented with a new dog.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :8.an考查冠词。句意:你知道,我部门有一个空缺的位置。position是单数名词,同时前面的opening以元音音素开头,所以应该用an。9.an考查冠词。句意:她说着,热情地就像是一个八岁的孩子得到了一只新的狗狗一样。根据句意此处需要一个表示泛指的冠词,同时,因为eight以元音音素开头,因此用an。10.Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult,because 10.Choosing what places to vis

70、it in Dubai is difficult,because even the hotels there are also amazing even the hotels there are also amazing (attract).(attract). .11.He contacted university officials to tell about the 11.He contacted university officials to tell about the (possible) of returning the book.(possible) of returning

71、the book.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :10.attractions考查名词复数。句意:在迪拜选择要去参观的地方是一件很难的事情,因为在那里即使宾馆也是令人惊奇的景点。根据句意此处需要一个名词,并且表示一类事物,因此用名词的复数形式。11.possibility考查派生词的用法。此处作介词about的宾语,应用提示词的名词形式的名词形式possibility“可能性可能性”。12.More than 300 12.More than 300 (coach) have been invited to the meeting.(coach) have been invited to the m

72、eeting.(strong) and weaknesses.(strong) and weaknesses.13.To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of 13.To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their all has to know their 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :12.coaches考查名词复数。coach为可数名词,前有more than 300,故此处用coach的复数形式

73、coaches。13.strengths考查派生词的用法。and连接两个并列的名词作know的宾语,故此处填提示词的名词形式,注意此处需要用复数。strengths and weaknesses意思是意思是“优点和缺点优点和缺点”。14.According to the news report,personal 14.According to the news report,personal guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.15.There is a growing

74、15.There is a growing instead of in offices.instead of in offices.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :14.possession15.tendency作(possess) of (possess) of (tend) for people to work at home (tend) for people to work at home 考查派生词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处用名词作主语,考查派生词的用法。本句为there be句型,空格处需要名词故此处用名词形式possession,意思是意思是“持有持有”。主语,故此处填名词形式te

75、ndency,又根据空前的不定冠词a,可知应用单数形式。16.Rain falls in summer,and there was 16.Rain falls in summer,and there was night.night.heavy rain last heavy rain last 17.As he approached the bridge,the sound got louder and then he 17.As he approached the bridge,the sound got louder and then he saw saw 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :16.

76、a考查冠词的用法。a heavy rain意思是意思是“一场大雨一场大雨”。17.a考查冠词的用法。设空处后的名词sight作作“景象景象,情景情景”讲时讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词连用。pitiful sight.(pitiful sight.(2017江西红色七校一联) )18.Recently when he took 18.Recently when he took look at his collection of books,look at his collection of books,he discovered the old book borrowed 61

77、 years ago.he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.19.He devotes most of his time to football.And I am sure he promises19.He devotes most of his time to football.And I am sure he promisesto be to be 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :18.a考查冠词的用法。句意:最近,当他查看他的藏书时,他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。年前借的旧书。“take a look (at.)”为固定短语为固定短语

78、,意为:看一看。19.an考查冠词的用法。根据句意可知,此处表示此处表示“一名杰出的足球运动一名杰出的足球运动员员”,又excellent为元音音素开头,因此应该填不定冠词an。excellent footballer.excellent footballer.20.Nowadays 20.Nowadays most popular means of communication is to send most popular means of communication is to send short messages by mobile phone.short messages by mo

79、bile phone.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :20.the考查冠词的用法。此处用在形容词最高级之前,应该填定冠词the。. .语篇语法填空语篇语法填空I I waswas ridingriding inin a a taxitaxi toto thethe busbus stopstop 1.1.toto taketake thethe busbus toto NYC.ItNYC.It waswas goinggoing toto bebe 2.2.I I waswas supposedsupposedlonglong journeyjourneyandand I I packedpacke

80、d somesome chocolatechocolate toto eateat onon thethe wayway beforebefore I I setset off.Whenoff.Whenthethe rideride waswas over,Iover,I paidpaid 3.3.driverdriver thethe duedue amountamount alongalong withwitha a tip.Hetip.He offeredoffered toto getget mymy suitcasesuitcase outout ofof thethe trunk.

81、Itrunk.I collectedcollected ititandand startedstarted walkingwalking away.Soaway.So diddid he.he.However,somethingHowever,something inin mymy heartheart stirred.4.stirred.4.occurredoccurred toto memethatthat I I hadhad anan opportunityopportunity toto performperform anan actact ofof 5.5.(kind).I(kin

82、d).Iwaswassoso 6.6.(excite)(excite)thatthatI I decideddecidedtotogivegiveawayaway allallthethechocolatechocolate toto thethe driver.Afterdriver.After all,heall,he hadhad servedserved me,evenme,even 7.7.ititwaswas justjust hishis job.Ijob.I gavegave themthem away,8.away,8.(see)(see) thethe brightbrig

83、ht smilesmilelightlightupuphishis facefaceandand thetheeyeseyesshineshineasas ififtheytheywerewere thethestarstarSirius,andSirius,and feltfelt mymy heartheart 9.9.(fill)(fill) withwith happiness.Ithappiness.It waswasneitherneither a a bigbig actact nornor a a veryvery givinggiving one,butone,but iti

84、t waswas trulytruly joyful.Ijoyful.Ibelievebelieve thethe kindestkindest 10.10.(thing)(thing) wewe cancan dodo forfor othersothers areareoftenoften thethe simplest.simplest.语篇解读语篇解读: :本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者乘完车后本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者乘完车后, ,突然想送给出租车司突然想送给出租车司机巧克力机巧克力, ,这个小小的善举让出租车司机很激动这个小小的善举让出租车司机很激动, ,并且作者自己也获得

85、了快乐。并且作者自己也获得了快乐。答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.where考查定语从句。句意:我正乘出租车去汽车站,之后在那里乘公共汽车去NYC。因为先行词是bus stop,是地点名词,且关系词在定语从句中作状语,所以应填where。2.a考查冠词。句意:那将是一段长途旅行,出发之前我带了一些巧克力准备在路上吃。此处所缺单词修饰long journey。3.the考查定冠词。此处所填单词修饰driver,同时是特指,所以用the。4.It考查代词。句意:然而,我的内心萌生起一些东西。我想到我有这么一个机会来做一个善举。It在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。It occurre

86、d to sb.that.意为意为“某人想起某人想起”。5.kindness考查名词。根据空前的an act of和提示词kind可知,空处是想表示行为的特征、性质,of为介词,后面应接名词,故填kindness。6.excited考查形容词。句意:我是如此兴奋以至于我决定把所有的巧克力都送给那个司机。所缺单词作was的表语,表示人的状态,因此用excited。7.though/if考查连词。句意:毕竟,他为我服务过,尽管这只是他的工作。根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系可知,这里是让步关系,空前又有even,故只能用从属连词even though/if。8.seeing考查非谓语动词。句意:我把它们送给了他,看到愉快的笑容点亮了他的脸庞,他的眼睛就像天狼星一样明亮,我感觉自己的内心也充满了快乐。see的逻辑主语是I,且是主动关系,所以应填seeing。9.filled考查非谓语动词。动词fill和它的逻辑主语heart 之间是被动关系,故应填filled,在此作宾补。10.things考查名词复数。根据句意和后面的动词are可以判断此处应该用复数名词形式。