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1、上一页首 页下一页1上一页首 页下一页1)表示肯定的猜测时,各情态动词语气强弱如下:最强must(一定)will (很有可能)would(很有可能)ought to(应该,很有可能)should(应该,很有可能)can(可能)could(可能)may(可能)最弱might(可能)2)表示否定的猜测时cant / couldnt语气最强,指“不可能”;may / might not语气最弱,意思是“可能不”。3)一些情态动词表猜测时的用法限制。must只用于肯定句;may/ might一般不用于疑问句;could可用于各种句式;而can多用于否定句、疑问句,用于肯定句时,多指“客观可能性”。如:
2、Lightning can be very dangerous.闪电可能会非常危险。2上一页首 页下一页情态动词情态动词 can, could, may,might,must表推测的用法:表推测的用法: 情态动词中的情态动词中的can, could, may, might, must都表推测。其都表推测。其中中must的可能性最大,的可能性最大,can / could次之,次之,may / might最小。最小。具体用法如下:具体用法如下:1. must的用法的用法(1)表示推测)表示推测“可能性可能性”时,意思是时,意思是“一定、准是一定、准是”,语气较肯定,较有把握。语气较肯定,较有把握。
3、He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。他准是个美国人。3上一页首 页下一页(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。表推测只能用于肯定句。如表示如表示“一定不、肯定不一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用的意思时,应用cant,如询问某种可能时,应用如询问某种可能时,应用can。He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。他肯定知道我的地址。(一定)(一定) He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不)(一定不)Can he kn
4、ow my address? 他知道我的地址吗?他知道我的地址吗?(询问可能性)(询问可能性)4上一页首 页下一页(3)must表示推测时,可以推测现在表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。过去发生的动作。He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。(现在)他一定有辆小汽车。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。He must have finished the work.(过去发生)他一定(过去发生)他一
5、定已完成了工作。已完成了工作。注:注:must表示推测时表示推测时很少用于将来的情况很少用于将来的情况。一般不用。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow.5上一页首 页下一页(4)在反意疑问句中,当附属部分含有表示推测意义的)在反意疑问句中,当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时,疑问部分的助动词应与时,疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? (现在
6、)他准时个工人,(现在)他准时个工人,是吗?是吗?You must have learned English for many years, havent you? (完成时)你一定学了好多年英语,是吗(完成时)你一定学了好多年英语,是吗?比较:比较:It must have rained last night, didnt it? (过去)昨晚(过去)昨晚一定下雨了,是不是?一定下雨了,是不是?He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadnt he?6上一页首 页下一页2. can / could的用法的用法(1)can表示推测表示推测“可能性
7、可能性”时,往往用于否定句或疑时,往往用于否定句或疑问句。问句。Cant“一定不一定不”,can在疑问句中意思是在疑问句中意思是“会、可会、可能能”。He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。他一定不在家。(2)can /cant+ have done,表示对过去发生的动作,表示对过去发生的动作进行推测。进行推测。He cant have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。Its s
8、o late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了,她可天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢?能去哪儿了呢?7上一页首 页下一页(3)could 还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。请求语气。Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?Could you help me?(4)could have done 本能做但未做,表虚拟语气本能做但未做,表虚拟语气 I could have done it well,but I wasnt so careful then .8上一页首 页
9、下一页3. may和和might的用法的用法(1) may, might表示推测表示推测“可能性可能性”时,意思是时,意思是“可能可能”、“也许也许”He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是个美国人。他可能是个美国人。注:注:might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比不表示过去时态,只是语气上比may更委婉,更委婉,表示的可能性更小。表示的可能性更小。(2)may, might表推测时,可以用于否定句,意思是表推测时,可以用于否定句,意思是“可能不、也许不可能不、也许不”,但,但不用于疑问句不用于疑问
10、句。He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。他也许不在家。9上一页首 页下一页(3)may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。生的动作。He may / might be sleeping now. The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 这个男孩可能没在家看电视这个男孩可能没在家看电视These students may / might have seen the film before.(过去)(过去) 这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。这些学生以
11、前可能看过这部电影。10上一页首 页下一页1. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to2. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will11上一页首 页下一页 3. What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box, for it is moving. It_ be a ca
12、r.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can4. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A. who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be12上一页首 页下一页5. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B
13、. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see6. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt13上一页首 页下一页7. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed D. woul
14、d have changed14上一页首 页下一页8. Sue_ come together with us tonight, but she isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. need D. will15上一页首 页下一页9. Aunt Margaret_ the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss16上一页首 页下一页“情态动词情态动词+have
15、done”不再对一件事情是否发生进行猜测,而是对已发不再对一件事情是否发生进行猜测,而是对已发生的事表达自己的看法,有时具有一定的感情色彩。生的事表达自己的看法,有时具有一定的感情色彩。ought to/ should have done本该做(却未做);本该做(却未做);oughtnt to/ shouldnt have done本不该做(却做了),含有本不该做(却做了),含有“责备责备”之意。如:之意。如:You shouldnt have done that; I had warned you of that several times.我我已多次警告你,你本不该那么做的。已多次警告你,
16、你本不该那么做的。might have done本可以做(却没有),有时表示很委婉的责备。如:本可以做(却没有),有时表示很委婉的责备。如:You might have phoned me, though you were busy then.你再忙也该给我你再忙也该给我打个电话。打个电话。could have done本可能(却没有)如:本可能(却没有)如:He could have caught the early bus, but he was delayed by helping a stranger.他本能够赶上早班车;他是因为帮一个陌生人而晚点的。他本能够赶上早班车;他是因为帮一个
17、陌生人而晚点的。would(not) have done本想做(却没做)本想做(却没做)/本不想做本不想做(却做了)(却做了)17上一页首 页下一页情态动词情态动词+have+done” 表表“本本来来应应该该” 使使用用情情况况分分析析一、一、should have done过去本来应该过去本来应该 (而实际上并没有(而实际上并没有)should not have done 本不应该本不应该 而实际上却已经而实际上却已经”如如:1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我我们们昨昨晚晚本
18、本应应学学习习的的,但我们却去看音乐会了。(实际上没有学习)但我们却去看音乐会了。(实际上没有学习)18上一页首 页下一页二、二、could have done它表示它表示“过去本来能够过去本来能够” 实际上没能做实际上没能做。如如1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本来能用我本来能用12秒钟完秒钟完100米的米的.(实际上没能)(实际上没能)2、If you could have finished the task in time,you could have been promoted. 如如果果你你当当时时能能如如期期完完成成那那任
19、任务务的的话话,你你可可能能已已提提升升了(实际上没有被提升)了(实际上没有被提升)19上一页首 页下一页三、三、need not have done它表示过去已做的事,事实上没有必要。它表示过去已做的事,事实上没有必要。如,如,1、I need not have got up so early . 我本来不必要那么早起床的(我本来不必要那么早起床的(事实上早已起床事实上早已起床)2、I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。(事实上已经等了一个小时)(事实上已经等了一个小时)
20、问题问题: : would have donewould have done在什么情况下使用呢在什么情况下使用呢? ?20上一页首 页下一页四、四、would have done 用在虚拟语气中用在虚拟语气中 表表示示与与过过去去事事实实相相反反之之假假设设的的结结果果,常常与与if 的的条条件件句句连连用用。1、 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要要是是我我当当时时知知道道你你们们的的窘窘境境,我我就就会会帮帮助助你你了(而实际上没有帮助你)了(而实际上没有帮助你)2、If it hadnt rain
21、ed yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk .假如昨天没下雨,我们就去散步了。假如昨天没下雨,我们就去散步了。(实际上没有去)。(实际上没有去)。21上一页首 页下一页Practice1.Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving22上一页首 页下一页2. If he had been here
22、yesterday, he _ this pop star.A. would meet B. would have metC. met D. must have met23上一页首 页下一页3.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall24