段落的写作主题句扩展句扩展句扩展句 In this world, we should think more of other people than of ourselves. By so doing, our world will be full of happiness. This, of course, is my personal view. But it is a lesson I have drawn from one of my own experience. So now, I would like to share that experience with you, my dear reader.美国编者认为：This is essentially a solid(不错的) essay. The writer uses an anecdote(轶事) to make a point… Now we just need to give it a good, strong topic sentence using the writer’s own ideas to form it.美国编者给这个开头段拟了下面的主题句：A little girl taught me an important lesson about the importance of thinking more of other people than of ourselves. One day I took a very crowded bus to school…中中国国学学生生作作文文批批改改 In my childhood, there were so many things that were worth calling to mind. Some made me happy, some made me excited, and some made me sad. But among them was an unforgettable thing, when I think of it, my good friend Tong Tong will occur to me.美国编者认为：This is a moving story about friends who have quarreled. It needs a good topic sentence to bring the reader into the feelings the writer wants to convey(传达).美国编者给这个开头段拟了下面的主题句：One of the most unforgettable experience of my childhood involves my good friend Tong Tong. It happened when I was eight years old…..中中国国学学生生作作文文批批改改 主题句的位置主题句的位置可以是在段落的开始，也可以处于段落的中间或者末尾。
也有的段落没有主题句1）主题句在段首Jane and Karen have many things in common.Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin To begin with, both girls have the same background.with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school.in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers.Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins. 2）主题句在段落中间Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their But they are very different in their ways of life.ways of life. Mobility(流动性) --- both physical and psychological--- has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.3）主题句在段落结尾Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances(熟人、朋友) greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way showing relationships and thus have a different way showing respect.respect. 4）段落没有主题句：英文正规的文章，尤其是informative writing很少没有主题句的，没有主题句的情况一般出现在记叙文体中。
但是也有作者有意隐而不说的情况FirstFirst you must wait for a sunny day. Remember that the rays of the sun are most direct between 11 A.M. and 2 P.M. This is the time when you will tan the quickest. At the right time and on the right day, pick an open spot outdoors and lay out a large towel or beach mat. You may want to bring along several You may want to bring along several thingsthings: suntan oil, a portable radio, a book or magazine, sunglasses, a pillow. It is a good idea It is a good idea not to stay in the sun too long at first.not to stay in the sun too long at first. Begin with a half hour, and then gradually increase the time you spend in the sun. Certain parts of your body will burn more quickly than others. These include the backs of your knees, the inside of your elbows, your shoulders, and your nose. Be sure to cover Be sure to cover these spots with suntan oil when you first go these spots with suntan oil when you first go outsideoutside. Cover them again with oil after you have been outside in the sun for a while.Taking a sunbath calls for careful planning.Taking a sunbath calls for careful planning. 主题句放在句首是英语段落写作中最常见的一种方法。
哪一种主题句位置最常见？《中国大学生作文评改》的中国作者毛荣贵说：“笔者曾就美版的Reader’s Digest和Time两本期刊的100篇短文做过调查，发现其中仅有2篇其topic sentence较为模糊，而有68篇的topic sentence均被置于文/段首，其余30篇已经将段落的topic sentence升格为小标题See Page 47: 尽管主题句可以出现在段落中的任何位置… 主题句（主题句（Topic SentenceTopic Sentence）写作的两个基本要求：）写作的两个基本要求：第一:要包含主导思想(the controlling idea)；第二：要做到概括和具体的统一主题句在段落中用于概况段落的主旨大意，准确地表达作者观点和态度See sample topic sentence on Page 43)“We had a pleasant summer vacation but summer vacation always seems short.”注：一个段落要求作者只表达一个意思，不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表达要注意把自己的思想用最切近的语言表达出来。
既不能过于概括，也不能过于具体See samples on Page 46: 1. American Food. 2. Hongkong) Do exercises on Page 51: Practice 1-2.Do exercises on Page 51: Practice 1-2. Write a topic sentence for the following supporting ideas.1.It has created Ms., a title for women comparable to Mr. for men.2.The Movement has changed the ending of several compound words from –man to –person.3.The Movement is responsible for some new terms.4.The Movement has had an effect on the third-person singular pronoun.The Women’s Movement _________________________________________.has had several effects on the English language Students on this campus _________________________________recently voiced several complaints.1.They voiced dissatisfaction with the campus lighting.2.They expressed their disgust with the food sold by the dining- hall.3.They protested the grading policies of the instructors. 扩展句扩展句/ /辅助句（辅助句（supporting supporting sentencessentences））写扩展句要注意以下两点：第一，意义的相关性（unity）/段落的整体性第二，逻辑的一致性(coherence)/段落的连贯性所有的扩展句都必须是主题句的延伸或者证明对主题句能起到支持的作用无论如何都不能超出由主题句限定的范围根据各个句子之间的关系以及与主题句之间的关系来安排其逻辑顺序。
要有充足的论证细节来说明主题思想用一定的过渡词来体现这种安排Do exercises on Page 50: Practice 1-1.Do exercises on Page 50: Practice 1-1.See Pages 52-54See Pages 52-54See Pages 54-66See Pages 54-66 根据下面的主题句，思考需要哪些内容来支持它：根据下面的主题句，思考需要哪些内容来支持它：Spring is the most pleasant season of the year.Rivers play a very important part in our life.Several factors have contributed to the difficulty in traveling in China, but in general, there are three major causes.Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages.Men and women are equal at home now.Getting up early can help you keep healthy.Mr. Peterson is a very responsible teacher. Of all the subjects that I study in school, I think that English is the most important one.The over-growth of population presents a threat to the existence of human society.Automobiles have given rise to a series of problems.My roommate Paul possesses the characteristics of a good student.Although working is good for us, as it helps train our body and mind, yet there should be a limit. 。