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1、Comparison-&-Contrast-Comparison-&-Contrast-essayessayAnothercommonpattern:Acomparisonorcontrastessayisanessayinwhichyoueithercomparesomethingorcontrastsomething.Acomparisonessayisanessayinwhichyouemphasizethesimilarities,andacontrastessayisanessayinwhichyouemphasizethedifferences.Questionsyoucanans
2、werbycomparingandcontrastingtheformsofgovernmentofChinaandtheGreatBritain.TomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.(MarkTwain)methodsforpromotinganewbusiness,product,orservice.BuddhismandTaoism.Decidewhichuniversitytoattend,whichcartobuy,orwhethertodriveacaroranairplanetoavacationsite.WriteacomparisonparagraphMy
3、hometownandmycollegetownhaveseveralthingsincommon.ThetownofmyAlmaMaterandShanghaiaresimilarinmanyways.Example 1: Comparison paragraphMyhometownandmycollegetownhaveseveralthingsincommon.First, botharesmallruralcommunities.Forexample,myhometown,Kent,hasapopulationofonlyabout10,000people.Similarly,myco
4、llegetown,Portland,consistsofabout11,000localresidents.Thispopulationswellsto15,000peoplewhenthecollegestudentsareattendingclasses.A second way in which these two towns are similaristhattheyarebothlocatedinruralareas.Kentissurroundedbymanyacresoffarmlandwhichisdevotedmainlytogrowingcornandsoybeans.I
5、n the same way,Portlandliesinthecenteroffarmlandwhichisusedtoraisepigsandcattle.Thirdly,these towns are similar in thattheycontaincollegecampuses.Kent,forexample,ishometoKentCollege,whichisfamousforitsAgriculturalEconomicsprogramaswellasforitsannualFlowerFestival.Likewise,thetownofPortlandboaststheb
6、eautifulcampusofStantonCollege,whichiswellknownforitsAgriculturalEngineeringdepartmentandalsoforitsyearlyInventionContest.Example 2: Comparison paragraphInspiteofthesedifferences,thesimilaritiesbetweenthetwo cities are striking. First, both cities are the politicalcentersoftheircountries.Thepresiden
7、tofFrancelivesinthe heart of Paris, in the Elysees Palace. Likewise, thepresident of the United States has its meeting place inWashington, in the Capitol. Second, the two cities looksimilar. LEnfant, the French engineer who designedWashington, was greatly influenced by the layout of thecapitalofFran
8、ce.Forthisreason,manyofthebuildingsandmonuments in Washington are symmetrically located inviewsofoneanother,justastheyareinParis.Bothcitiesarealsothesitesofmagnificentmonuments,importanthistoricallandmarks,finemuseums,beautifulparks,andboard,tree-lined avenues. Finally, tourism is as important forWa
9、shingtonasitisforParisEveryyearmillionsoftouristsfromallpartsoftheworldvisitthesecitiestoviewtheirattractions.Example 3: Contrast paragraphEventhoughArizonaandRhodeIslandarebothstatesoftheU.S.,theyarestrikinglydifferent in many ways.First of all,thephysicalsizeofeachstateis different.Arizonaislarge,
10、havinganareaof114,000squaremiles,whereasRhodeIslandisonlyaboutatenththesize,havinganareaofonly1,214squaremiles.Another differenceisinthesizeofthepopulationofeachstate.Arizonahasaboutfourmillionpeoplelivinginit,butRhodeIslandhaslessthanonemillion.Thetwostatesalso differ inthekindsofnaturalenvironment
11、sthateachhas.Forexample,Arizonaisaverydrystate,consistingoflargedesertareasthatdonotreceivemuchrainfalleveryyear.However,RhodeIslandislocatedinatemperatezoneandreceivesanaverageof44inchesofrainperyear.In addition,whileArizonaisalandlocked(被陆地包围的)stateandthushasnoseashore,RhodeIslandliesontheAtlantic
12、Oceananddoeshaveasignificantcoastline.II. How to organize the essayIntroduction and ConclusionTheintroductionofyouressayshouldmentionboth subjectsandendwithastrongandclearlydefinedthesis statement.Theconclusionofyourpapershouldincludefinalcorrelations(相互关系)aboutthetwosubjectsandarestatementofyourthe
13、sis.III. Organization Pattern1.theblockpattern2.thepoint-by-pointpattern1. block patterngiveallsupportingdetailsforonesubjectinoneblock;andthengiveallsupportingdetailsfortheothersubjectinanotherblock.Example: Where to take a vacationIntroduction:MountainA.DistanceB.ClimateC.TypesofactivitiesBeachA.D
14、istanceB.ClimateC.TypesofactivitiesConclusionThenumberofparagraphsineachblockdependsonthetopic.Youmaywriteaboutallthesimilaritiesinasingleparagraph;ORyoumayneedtodiscusseachsimilarityinaseparateparagraph.Thesameistruefordifferences.Youmayhaveoneparagraphofsimilaritiesandseveralparagraphsofdifference
15、s,orviceversa.Youcouldinsertatransitionparagraph.2. Point-by-point patternAlternate(交替,轮流)thedetailsfromonesideofthecomparisonorcontrasttotheother.Example:WheretotakeavacationFirstdifferencebetweenmountainsandbeachesisdistanceA.MountainsB.BeachSeconddifferenceisclimateA.MountainsB.BeachThirddifferen
16、ceistypesofactivitiesA.MountainsB.BeachEachpointofcomparisonbecomesthetopicofaparagraph.Youmaydiscussasimilarityandthenadifference,andthenasimilarityandthenadifference.Youcanputtheparagraphinanyorderyouwish-perhapsintheorderoftheirimportancetoyoupersonally.IV. Words and PhrasesComparisonsimilarly,li
17、kewise,also,tooas,justasand,both.and,notonlybutalsoneithernorlike/justlike/similartoalike/thesameas/identicalwithtocompareto/withContrasthowever,nevertheless,nonetheless,stillalthough,though,eventhoughbut,yet despitesth;inspiteofsth incontrast,bycomparison,onthecontrary,ontheotherhandwhile,whereas d
18、ifferfrom,comparedto/with,differentfrom,dissimilarto,unlikeEssay1:SecondMarriageclingv.附着,紧贴vine藤aclingingvine惯于依赖男人的女人onedge高度紧张或不安的；易怒的racquetball美式墙网球compromise妥协,折衷goalongwith赞同，附和drafty有缝隙风吹入的pout撅嘴,绷脸stalkout怒冲冲地走fallapart破碎QuestionstoconsiderforEssay11.Whattransitionsareusedinthebody?2.Whattr
19、ansitionsignalisusedtoindicateemphatic(强调的)order?3.Whatpatternisusedintheessay?Theblockpatternorthepointbypointpattern?4.Whichsupportingparagraphfailstofollowthepatternoforganizationsetbytheothertwo?5.Whatconclusiontechniqueisused?a.summaryb.questionc.predictionEssay2:JapanandtheUnitedStates:Differe
20、ntbutAlikeintegrala.构成整体所必需的;不可或缺的heterogeneityn.多种多样ethicn.道德规范homogeneousa.纯一的ethnica.种族的,民族的ethnicity种族underrepresenteda.未被充分代表的diminutiven.微小miniaturen.微小模型transistor晶体管transplantv.(人)移居,迁移ancestry祖先,世系vendingmachines自动售货机reciprocala.互惠的;相互的QuestionstoconsiderforEssay2WhatiswrongwiththeIntroduct
21、ion?Whatisthestructureoftheessay?(intheUnitedStates)because, at first glance, it seems so different. Everything that characterizes the United State-(newness)Thethesisstatementisnotcomplete.Betterversion:Onthesurfaceatleast,U.S.andJapanesesocietiesseemtotallyopposite;meanwhile,theysharesomesimilariti
22、esapartfromdifferences.Structure1.Oneobviousdifferenceisthepeople.2.OtherareasofdifferencebetweenJapanandtheUSinvolveissuesofgroupinteractionandsenseofspace.3.Transition: Inspiteofthesedifferences,thesetwoapparentlyoppositeculturesshareseveralimportantexperiences.4.Firstofall,bothhavetransplantedcul
23、tures.5.Bothsocieties,moreover,havedevelopedtheartofbusinessandcommerce,ofbuyingandselling,ofadvertisingandmassproducing,tothehighestlevels.6.AfinalsimilarityisthatbothJapaneseandAmericansemphasizetheimportantofwork.Topics to considerWriteanessayononeofthefollowingtopics:TwocoursesTwotrips/vacationsTworestaurantsTwocities/movies/sportsTwoproductsTwopeople(friends,family,teachers,writers)LivingoncampusandlivingoffcampusUndergraduatestudy/lifeandgraduatestudy/life结束结束
