被动语态 一、被动语态的定义：一、被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系当主语是谓语主语和谓语之间的关系当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态动作的执行者，则为主动语态（（Active Voice））；；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态则为被动语态（（Passive Voice）） 被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，构成，时态通过时态通过be表现出来表现出来 在被动句中有时用在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用一般词组，有时不用一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用或难以说出时，通常不用by但有时为了强调但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用使用 by 词组例如：词组例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。
例如：法说出动作的执行者时例如： Football is played all over the world．． 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时例如：的执行者时例如： My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了．我的自行车被盗了 三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、、“据悉据悉”、、“有有人说人说”、、“大家说大家说”等时例如：等时例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知… … It is well known that …据推测说据推测说… … It is supposed that … 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、、“由由”等词时例如：例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao．．魏华是被林涛叫来的魏华是被林涛叫来的 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态例如五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。
例如：： He was born in October，，1989．． 六、表示礼貌时例如：六、表示礼貌时例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：：00p．．m．．tomorrow．．敬请您明天晚上敬请您明天晚上8：：00光临我们的英语晚会光临我们的英语晚会 二、各种时态的被动语态构成二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1））一般现在时：一般现在时：You are required to do this.2））一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3））一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4）现在进行时：）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.5）过去进行时：）过去进行时：The new road was being made.6）现在完成时：）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 1.They make shoes in that factory. 三、主动语态变被动语态三、主动语态变被动语态Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成一般现在时的被动语态构成 ：：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词 2. They bought ten computers last term．． Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词 3．．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ．．Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng .情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词 4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词 5.Some workers are painting the rooms now．．The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词 6．．We have made twenty more keys．．Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词 7．．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night．． My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词 Practice 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor.______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She ______ _______ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_______ our work______ _______ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished 9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory. was asked is done 12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike ______ ______ ________ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. can be mended must be taken 14.The students in this school study German.German _______ ________ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? is studiedIs talked by them 16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _______ ______ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）（变为主动语态）______ Tom______ the window? be helpedDid break 18.The tractor wasn’t driven out of the road.He______ _______ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesn’t Bob clean the street every day?_______ the street _________ by Bob every day? didn’t driveIsn’t cleaned 20.What can they do to finish the work on time?________ _______ _______ _______ by them to finish the work?What can be done21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _______ _______ _____ ______ the ________ ________ the new medicine. didn’t make any children try of Homework 将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改为为为为被被被被动语态动语态动语态动语态1 1．．．．We sweep the floor every dayWe sweep the floor every day．．．． 2 2．．．．He gave me a bookHe gave me a book yesterdayyesterday．．．．3 3．．．．The nurses The nurses were were taktakinging care of the sick old care of the sick old manman．．．． 4 4．．．．You can take the book out of the reading You can take the book out of the reading roomroom．．．． 5 5．．．．What do the workers use the machine forWhat do the workers use the machine for？？？？ 6 6．．．．I made him work two hours every dayI made him work two hours every day．．．．7 7．．．．Class One will Class One will plant some treesplant some trees tomorrow tomorrow．．．． 8 8．．．．We have learned two thousand English We have learned two thousand English wordswords．．．．9 9．．．．We found many students playing football on We found many students playing football on the playground.the playground. 将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改为为为为被被被被动语态动语态动语态动语态1.The1.The floor floor is swept by us is swept by us every day every day．．．． 2 2. A . A bookbook was given to was given to me yesterdayme yesterday．．．．3 3．．．．The sick old manThe sick old man was was taktakinging care of care of by by the the nursesnurses. .4 4. T. The book canhe book can be be take taken n out of the reading room out of the reading room 5 5. .What What isis the machine use the machine used d for for by by the workers the workers ？？？？ 6 6．．．．He isHe is made made toto work two hours every day work two hours every day．．．．7 7Some treesSome trees will will be be plantplanteded by by Class One Class One tomorrowtomorrow．．．． 8 8.T.Two thousand English wordswo thousand English words havehave been been learnedlearned. . 9 9. M. Many students any students were were found playing football on found playing football on the playground.the playground. Homework Translations.1. 他被他被认为是一个天才。
是一个天才regard2. 那那辆坏了的自行坏了的自行车正在被修理正在被修理3. 这本本书是是1969年写成的年写成的 4. 他告他告诉我我们打打时他正在他正在给猫洗澡5. 这支支钢笔已笔已经用了几年用了几年 6. 工作将于三小工作将于三小时时后完成7. 他他说这说这家工厂已家工厂已经经开开张张 8. 这这孩子必孩子必须须被好好照被好好照顾顾 Translations.1. 他被他被认为是一个天才是一个天才He is regarded as a genius. 2. 那那辆坏了的自行坏了的自行车正在被修理正在被修理The broken bike is being repaired now. 3. 这本本书是是1969年写成的年写成的This book was written in 1969. 4. 他告他告诉我我们打打时他正在他正在给猫洗澡He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 5. 这支支钢笔已笔已经用了几年用了几年The pen has been used for several years. 6. 他他说这说这家工厂已家工厂已经经开开张张。
He said the factory had been opened .7. 工作将于三小工作将于三小时时后完成The work will be finished in three hours. 8. 这这孩子必孩子必须须被好好照被好好照顾顾The baby must be looked after well. 再 见 五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，，cost，，fit，，last，， own，，hold，，become等往往不能用于被动语态等往往不能用于被动语态例如：例如： 【正】【正】The shirt fits him very well．． 【误】【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt．． 2.祈使句一般没有被动语态例如：祈使句一般没有被动语态例如： 【正】【正】Look at the blackboard，，please．． 【误】【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．． 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。
例如：组织时不能用于被动语态例如： 【正】【正】He joined the League in 1998．． 【误】【误】The League was joined by him in 1998．． 4.由由“动词＋名词动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，，make friends，，take place等）等）一般不可改为被动语态例如：一般不可改为被动语态例如： 【正】【正】The boy make faces in class．． 【误】【误】Faces are made by the boy in class．． Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year. 5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态例如：动语态例如： 【正】【正】You must look after yourself．． 【误】【误】Yourself must be looked after 先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1 1．．．．People People growgrow wheat in North wheat in North ChinaChina．．．． 2 2．．．．They They boughtbought ten computers last ten computers last termterm．．．． 3．．Some workers are painting the classrooms now．． 4．．We have made twenty more beds．． 5．．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly.6．．I was doing my homework at 8：：00 last night．． 一、如主动句含一、如主动句含间宾和直宾间宾和直宾双宾语；双宾语；或含省略或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week．．（变被动）（变被动） We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week．． The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week．（加上了．（加上了to，有的也加，有的也加for）） Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother. 间宾（人）作被动句的主语，间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加则须在间宾前添加to或或for。
加加to的的动词多为动词多为give，，send，，bring，，teach，，show，，pass，，write，，ask，，tell等；加等；加for的动词有的动词有make，， draw，，buy等 二、二、My parents made me water all these young trees．（变被动）．（变被动） I was made to water all these young trees by my parents．（加上了．（加上了to）） 这种主动句中用省这种主动句中用省to的不定式的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上作宾补，变被动时定要加上to这种谓语动词有这种谓语动词有feel，，hear，，listen to，，let，，make，，have，， see，，notice，，look at，，watch（即常言道（即常言道“一感二听一感二听三让四看见三让四看见”） 将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1Was the work finished by him 1Was the work finished by him yesterdayyesterday？？？？ 2 2．．．．He was given a pen by me He was given a pen by me yesterdayyesterday．．．． 3 3．．．．Children should be taken good Children should be taken good care ofcare of．．．． 4 4．．．．The trees must be put in the The trees must be put in the hole by themhole by them．．．． 5 5．．．．The car is not being repaired The car is not being repaired by her nowby her now．．．． 6.Were the books taken away 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?by the girl? 将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改为为为为被被被被动语态动语态动语态动语态1 1．．．．We sweep the floor every dayWe sweep the floor every day．．．． 2 2．．．．He gave me a bookHe gave me a book yesterdayyesterday．．．．3 3．．．．The nurses The nurses were were taktakinging care of the sick old care of the sick old manman．．．． 4 4．．．．You can take the book out of the reading You can take the book out of the reading roomroom．．．． 5 5．．．．What do the workers use the machine forWhat do the workers use the machine for？？？？ 6 6．．．．I made him work two hours every dayI made him work two hours every day．．．．7 7．．．．Class One will Class One will plant some treesplant some trees tomorrow tomorrow．．．． 8 8．．．．We have learned two thousand English We have learned two thousand English wordswords．．．．9 9．．．．We found many students playing football on We found many students playing football on the playground.the playground. •将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态•1.The floor is swept by us every day．．• •2. A book was given to me yesterday．．•3．．The sick old man was taking care of by the nurses.•4. The book can be taken out of the reading room.• •5.What is the machine used for by the workers ？？• 将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改将下列句子改为为为为被被被被动语态动语态动语态动语态1.The1.The floor floor is swept by us is swept by us every day every day．．．． 2 2. A . A bookbook was given to was given to me yesterdayme yesterday．．．．3 3．．．．The sick old manThe sick old man was was taktakinging care of care of by by the nursesthe nurses. .4 4. T. The book canhe book can be be take taken n out of the out of the reading roomreading room. . 5 5. .What What isis the machine use the machine used d for for by by the the workers workers ？？？？ •6．．He is made to work two hours every day．．•7Some trees will be planted by Class One tomorrow．． •8.Two thousand English words have been learned. •9. Many students were found playing football on the playground. •1. amusement•2.containing•3. importance•4. boring, bored•5. to admire•6. translate•7. practical•8. •9. on•10. with •1. To be exact•2. If not•3. make/earn a/their living•4. Above all/ For a start /To begin with•5. for us to catch•6. to remove•7. easy to use•8. are tired of/ are bored with•9.to take care of•10. how to deal with/ what to do with •1. warmer•2. For/During•3. them•4. threatens•5.since•6. survival•7. a•8. Without•9. But•10. when•1. increasingly•2. few•3. working•4. but•5. whatever•6. without•7. where•8. about•9. should be taken•10.who 。