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1、宾语从句和表语从句宾语从句和表语从句五个基本句型五个基本句型1、主语、主语+系动词系动词+表语表语：e.g. Henry is a businessman.2、主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词：e.g. We arrive.3、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语：e.g. Henry received a million pound bank note.4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语双宾语（间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾直接宾语语）：）：e.g. Oliver gave Henry a letter.5、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+复合宾语复合宾语（宾语（宾语+宾补）：宾补）：e.g.
2、 Henry found himself carried out by the strong wind.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。变化或省略而构成。Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、表语、主语、表语、宾语和同位语宾语和同位语。1.Henry is a businessman.主语表语2.Henry, a busin
3、essman ,received a million pound bank note.主语同位语宾语 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语What made Henry puzzled was unknown. 主语从句The two brothers think that its very funny. 宾语从句The fact is that I earned my passag
4、e by working as an unpaid hand, which. 表语从句Henry, who was a businessman ,received a million pound bank note.同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句 （The Object Clause）宾语从句在复合句中起宾语从句在复合句中起_作用，可以作作用，可以作动动词的宾语词的宾语，也可以作，也可以作介词的宾语介词的宾语。宾语从句必。宾语从句必须用须用_语序。语序。引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的连词有连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；等；连接副
5、词有连接副词有when，where，how， why等。等。宾语宾语陈述陈述一一.that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句1. Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London.2. Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,sir.3. I dont think (that) its very funny.4. My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son.5.We all agree (th
6、at) it would be convient to go there by bus.1.归纳总结：归纳总结：that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何不充当任何成分成分，且通常，且通常可以省略可以省略。但如果含有。但如果含有两个或两两个或两个个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个只有第一个从从句的句的that 可以省略可以省略，其余从句的，其余从句的that一般不能一般不能省略。省略。 2.归纳总结： 否定转移:第一人称 I, we 与动词 think, consider, suppose猜想, believe, expect, gu
7、ess, imagine等连用, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定式。1. 她她坚持坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。 She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.2. 他他命令命令关闭所有的大门。关闭所有的大门。 He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.3. 我我建议建议他应该更努力学习。他应该更努力学习。 I suggested that he (should) study harder.
8、 4. 老师老师要求要求我们和睦相处。我们和睦相处。 The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other.3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order, command3.建议：suggest, propose, advise4.要求：desire, demand, require, requestWe think it necessary that everyone should
9、form a good habit .动词+it+形容词+that从句，it 为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。1.We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.4.归纳总结： it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而把真正的宾语
10、-that从句后置,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说他下个月要结婚了。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?1.I wonder if youd mind us asking a few questions.二、二、
11、whether/if whether/if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句5.5.归纳总结：归纳总结：在宾语从句中，表示在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or or notnot连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只用whether.whether.1.Henry Adams does not know what he should do. (what在从句中作宾语)2.Do you know who will be sent to work there?（who在从句中作主语
12、）3.Can you find out whose wallet it is?(whose在从句中作定语)4.Have you decided where you should have your holidays?（where在从句中作地点状语）5.She always think of how she can do more for the class.（how在从句中作方式状语）6.Can I speak whoever is here?(作主语)7.Henry didnt give us any reason about why she had been late for the me
13、eting.(作原因状语)6.归纳总结：连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。7.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的的省略省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .1.She asked Tom_was the
14、 matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4. Her wish is _she could lose weight soon.5. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?whatwherewhetherthathow牛刀小试：牛刀小试：1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京北京2011
15、)A. what B. how C. that D. why2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷课标全国卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东山东2010)A. why B. what C. how D. which4. Cindy shut the door h
16、eavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川四川2010)A. what B. who C. how D. whysummary一. that引导的宾语从句1.that省略情况2
17、.否定前移3.that宾语从句中的虚拟语气4.that从句中it 作形式宾语二.whether/if引导的宾语从句三、其他连接词连接的宾语从句考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序1.that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从
18、句。在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句表语从句2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引导不能引导表语从句表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.3.what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连连接接代代词词what, which, who, whom, whose除除在在句句子
19、子中中起起连连接接作作用用外外，还还可可在在从从句句中中从从当当主主语语、表表语语、定定语，且各有各的词义。语，且各有各的词义。The Predicative Clausee.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.4.
20、where, when, why, how引引导导的的表表语从句语从句 连连接接副副词词where, when, why, how除除在在句句中中起起连连接接作作用用外外，在在从从句句中中还还充充当当时时间间、地地点点、方方式式、原原因因状状语，本身具有词义。语，本身具有词义。The Predicative Clausee.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest
21、 memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其其他他连连词词as if, because, as though 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 because引引导导表表语语从从句句通通常常只只用用于于“This/That/It is because”结构中。结构中。 as if/though引引导导的的表表语语从从句句常常置置于于连连系系 动动 词词 look, seem, sound, be, become等等后后面面，常常用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，表表示示不存在的动作或状态。不存在的动作或状态。The Predicative Clause
22、名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不
23、能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .高考链接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D.
24、when I feel excited A解析解析： 这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为案为A。2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析解析:这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表示原因表示原因.这句话的意思是这句话的意思
25、是这就是你离这就是你离开的原因吗开的原因吗?。故答案为。故答案为A。A3. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解解析析: what在在表表语语从从句句中中作作takes的的宾宾语语,构构成成It takes sth. to do sth.的的句句型型。答答案为案为A。A1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C.
26、 how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. why4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when 1.He said the text was very important and we should lear
27、n it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.isthatwhetherthatwhichever改错。改错。 用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。 1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said
28、that the moon goes around the earth.2. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.3. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4. 问题是这本书是否有读的价值。The question is whether the book is worth reading.5. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。I dont
29、know why Tom didnt come this morning.6. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 7. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。China today is no longer what she used to be. 8. 那是因为他没有理解我。Thats because he didnt understand me. 9. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow morning. 10.
30、谁知道将来会发生什么？Who knows what will happen in the future?1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。语从句意思完整。that / 不填if / whetherwhom /
31、who4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.when whichhowthat8. We think it necessary _ we take ple
32、nty of hot water every day.9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.thatwhywhere / howthat12. It looked _ he had understood this question.13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. thatas ifthatwhether
