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1、英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, ,谓语在后（主语谓语在后（主语+ +谓谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+ +主语）主语）, ,就叫就叫倒装结构倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, , 叫叫全部倒装全部倒装; ; 如果只把助动词或如果只把助动词或be be 动词放在主语之前就叫动词放在主语之前就叫部分部分倒装。倒装。基本语序基本语序（natural ordernatural order）：）：主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语（subject + predicate+ object）I love Eng
2、lish.谓语谓语+ +主语主语完全倒装完全倒装 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ + 主语主语 + + 动词动词部分倒装部分倒装 (partial inversion)Nerve will I forgive you.一、完全倒装一、完全倒装1. There be1. There be结构。另外结构。另外, ,在此结构中可以用在此结构中可以用来代替来代替bebe动词的动词有动词的动词有:exist, seem, :exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, standh
3、appen, appear, live, rise, stand等。等。Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.例题:_abeautifulpalace_thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at2 2 ，(1).(1).在以在以herehere、therethere、nownow、thenthen等副等副词开头的句子里。词开头的句子里。 句式：副词句式：副词vivi名词主语
4、名词主语 “Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语结构。 Herecomestheoldlady!Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Nowcomesyourturn.如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装，不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.(2). (2). 表示方向的副词表示方向的副词out, in, up, downout, in, up, down等等置于句首置于句首, ,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称如果
5、主语是人称代词代词, ,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如: :IncameMr.White.Upwentthearrowintotheair. Away went the boy.题题：There_.Andhere_. A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;isshe C.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe注意：注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。则主、谓不需要倒装。Inhecameandbackhewentagain.3.3.当表示地
6、点的介词词组当表示地点的介词词组( (如如on the wall, on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the roomin the middle of the room等等) )在句首时。在句首时。 句式：介词短语句式：介词短语vivi主语（必须是名词）主语（必须是名词） 如：Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthe
7、treewaslyingawoundedsoldier.4.4.分词分词( (代词代词) + be + ) + be + 主语主语 结构。结构。Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.题题：_,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein_arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.
8、Gone B.GoC.TogoD.Going5 5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语调表语. . 句式：表语系动词主语（必须是句式：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）名词） 1)1)表语为介词短语表语为介词短语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.2)2)表语为形容词表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.4)4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying
9、 on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.3)3)表语为过去分词表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把部分倒装是把bebe动词、情态动词、助动动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词, ,要在主语之前加助动词要在主语之前加助动词do / does / diddo / does / did等等, ,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。而把原来的谓语
10、动词变成原形放在主语之后。 1. 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）（立即）, by no means（决不）（决不） ，not only, in no way（决不）（决不）, at no time, few, not, no not until等等, 句式：句式： “否定词
11、否定词/ /词组助动词词组助动词/ /情态动词情态动词/be/be动词主语动词主语其他其他”。 1) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen2) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. Only + 2. Only + 状语（副词
12、状语（副词/ / 介词短语介词短语/ / 状语从句）状语从句），位于句首，位于句首 , ,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词副词) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句从句)注意：注意： 在在onlyonly状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装，状语从句主句结构中，主句倒
13、装， 但从句用正常语序。但从句用正常语序。 onlyonly修饰主语，不倒装。修饰主语，不倒装。 3. so3. so或或soso引导的短语放在句首引导的短语放在句首, ,前半部分倒装。前半部分倒装。Isawthefilm,sodidshe.So loudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.1)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand_.A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso2)Soloudly_that_hearh
14、erclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4. Not only + 4. Not only + 分句分句,but also + ,but also + 分句分句 句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但但not only.but also.连接主语时连接主语时,不倒装。不倒装。如如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如：_hi
15、mselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5.5.句首是表频率的副词及短语（句首是表频率的副词及短语（often, well, often, well, many a time, now and again, once a many a time, now and again, once a week, now and then, every other dayweek, now and then, every other day 等等) ) 开头的句子中开头的句子中
16、, ,要用部分倒装结构。要用部分倒装结构。如如: : Many a time has John given me good advice. Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Often have we made that test.题题：Manyatime_swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy6,6,在某些表示祝愿的句型中在某些表示祝愿的句型中如：如：May you all be happy. May you all be happy. Long live China! Long live China!Bye-bye !
