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1、考研英语阅读历年真题长句集锦http:/www. exambook. net 2 0 0 7-5-15 考研宝典网1. The A merican economic system is organized around a basicallyrivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumersargely determine what shall be produced by spending their moneyn the marketplace for those goods and services that the
2、y wantost.2 . Thus, in the A merican economic system it is the demand ofdividual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen toaximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirncomes, that together determine what shall be produced and howesources are used to produce it.3. If, on
3、the other hand, producing more of a commodity resultsn reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offeredy seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permitore consumers to buy the product.4. In the A merican economy, the concept of private propertymbraces not only the ow
4、nership of productive resources but also站内咨讯搜索|按标题二 搜索最新咨讯 2 0 0 8年心理学考研专. 中科院研究生院0 7武 . 考研英语阅读历年真. 考研英语之阅读理解. 郭 崇兴老师点评2 0 0 7 . 未 来考研复试发展趋. 金融学名词解释考研. 国际金融考研备考笔记更多 精品辅导班课程考研政治英语数学辅导考研专业课辅导考研网络课堂考博英语辅导班法律硕士辅导班MB A联考辅导班工程硕士 (GCT)辅导司法考试辅导班ertain rights, including the right to determine the price of ar
5、oduct or to make a free contract with another private individual.5. A t the same time these computers record which hours areusiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowingersonnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. A ndhey also identify preferred customers for promotional c
6、ampaigns.会计职称辅导班注 册 会 计 师 （ CPA ） 辅导班成人高考辅导班新书上架 高 分子物理 高分子物理教程 高分子物理近代研究方6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to法 - （ 第二版）agazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milkrocessors, bring better and more efficient services to consumershrough the use of computers. 高分子物理（
7、 第二版） 高分子物理（ 修订版） 高分子化学（ 潘祖仁） （ 三7. Exceptional children are different in some significant wayq 一一 | . 数 学物理方法习题指导rom others of the same age For these children to develop to their一 . I L . , d . 经典和现代数学物理方ull adult potential, their education must be adapted to those| 法ifferences.更多. .8. The great in
8、terest in exceptional chiIdren shown in publicducation over the past three decades indicates the strong feelingn our society that all citizens, whatever their specialonditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop theirapabilities.9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goodst re
9、asonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market ando making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliamentovern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promoteproduct that fails to live up to the promise of hi
10、sdvertisements.11. If its message were confined merely to information and thatn itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for evendetail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtlyersuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound payny attention.12. The workers who ge
11、ts a promotion, the student whose gradesmprove, the foreigner who learns a new language-al1 these arexamples of people who have measurable results to show for therefforts.13. As families move away from their stable community, theirriends of many years, their extended family relationships, thenformal
12、 flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidencehat information will be available when needed and will berustworthy and reliable.14. The individual now has more information available than anyeneration, and the task of finding that one piece of informationelevant to his or her specific pro
13、blem isomplicated, time- consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.15. Expertise can be shared world wide througheleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled withouthe participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to aistant conference site.16. The current passion for making chi
14、ldren compete againstheir classmates or against the clock produces a two-layerystem, in which competitive A -types seem in some way better thanheir B type fellows.17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is decidinghether your education, your experience, and other qualificationsill pay him t
15、o employ you and your “ wares“ and abilities muste displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly fundedroadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but itsole, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wideebate in B
16、ritain.19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invitednyone with an opinion of the B B C-including ordinary listenersnd viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, andven whether they thought it was worth keeping.2 0 . The change met the technical requirements of the new a
17、gey engaging a large profess signal element and prevented theecline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes ofamily firms in the second and third generation after the energeticounders.翻译1 .美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这中经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和艮务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。2 . 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的
18、需求与商人试图最大匕其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了I 么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。3 . 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有） 能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允F更多的消费者购买产品。4 .在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，2指其他一些特定的权利， 如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体（ 经干单位）自由签定合同的权利。5 .同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最队这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而 且 它 们 （ 计算机）也能为促当活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
19、6 . 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电7设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效义的服务。7 .残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发专其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。8 .在过去的3 0年中， 公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明 我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有/ 寺殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。9 . 它 （ 广告）能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去,M 此 可 以 （ 使公司）建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力勺价格提供出口变得可能。1 0 .除去
20、议会有2 7件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的 告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。11 . 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言， 如果这不是完全不了能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择Z样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于之有人会关注它。12 . 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外II人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。13 . 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区， 离开他们多年的朋友和扩展勺家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能R得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心
21、。14 . 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多， 而找到与他/也的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人正以招架。15 . 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的习题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一、 遥远的开会地点。16 . 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层吉构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的弓辈更胜一筹。17 . 在跟你谈话的时候， 可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教式 经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而 你 的 “ 商品”和能力一定言以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相
22、互关联的方式被展示出来。18 .英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来， 至， 目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全H上下的讨论话题。19 .这场辩论是由政府发动的， 政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意1的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪言 ，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。2 0 .这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技t要求，并 且 它 （ 这种变化）防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精） 充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人（领导公司）的时候，经常会殳掉那些家族公司的财富。2 1 . Such lar
23、ge, impersonal manipulation of capital andndustry greatly increased the numbers and importance ofhareholders as a class, an element in national life representingrresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of theandowners : and almost equally detached from the responsibleanagement of bu
24、siness.2 2 . Towns like B ournemouth and East bourne sprang up to housearge comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and whoad no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawingividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting toictate their orders to the managemen
25、t.2 3. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of theives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company inhich he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capitalnd labor was not good.2 4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more directelation with the men and thei
26、r demands, but even he had seldom thatami liar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer hadften had under the more patriarchal system of the old familyusiness now passing away.2 5. A mong the many shaping factors,I would single out theountry，s excel lent elementary schools : a labor forc
27、e thatelcomed the new technology ； the practice of giving premiums tonventors ； and above all the A merican genius foronverbal, spatial thinking about things technological.2 6. A s Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinksbout objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbalescripti
28、ons : they are dealt with in his mind by aisual, nonverbal process.The designer and thenventor., are able to assemble and manipulate in their mindsevices that as yet do not exist02 7. Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit downmong levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the
29、etters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of hishoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea02 8. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves andives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programsnd, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways o
30、freationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may comes an unpleasant surprise.2 9. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gouldays : This book stands for reason itself. A nd so it does-and allound be well were reason the only judge in thereationism/evolution debate.30 . A ft
31、er six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hotarliamentary debates, A ustralias Northern Territory became theirst legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take theives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, includinghurches, right-to-lif
32、e groups and the A ustralian Medicalssociation, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of itsassage. B ut the tide is unlikely to turn back.32 . In A ustralia- where an aging population, life-extendingechnology and changing community attitudes have al 1 played theirart other states are going to co
33、nsider making a similar law toeal with euthanasia.33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- mindedfficials,rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardlynknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently thatt deserves comment.34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and
34、 social usef substances (drugs) is pervasive : an aspirin to quiet aeadache, some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in theorning, a cigarette for the nerves.35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, withore and more of the substance required to produce the desiredffect, and the
35、n by the appearance of unpleasant with drawalymptoms when the substance is discontinued.36. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers ?enator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. Youave sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threatenur children as well?37
36、. The test of any democratic society,he wrote in a Walltreet Journal column, lies not in how well it can controlxpression but in whether it gives freedom of thought andxpression the widest possible latitude, however disputable orrritating the results may sometimes be38. During the discussion of rock
37、 singing verses at lastonths stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that music is not theause of society，s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in theronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, suchs steering the economy to a s
38、oft landing of a touch on the brakes ,akes it sound 1 ike a precise science. Nothing could be furtherrom the truth.40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorablenflation figures in Britain and the Unitedtates, since, conventional measures suggest that bothconomies, and especially A mer
39、ica，s, have little productive slack.0 . The change met the technical requirements of the new age byngaging a large profess signal element and prevented the declinen efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firmsn the second and third generation after the energetic founders.2 1. Suc
40、h large, impersonal manipulation of capital andndustry greatly increased the numbers and importance ofhareholders as a class,an element in national life representingrresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of theandowners : and almost equally detached from the responsibleanagement o
41、f business.2 2 . Towns like B ournemouth and East bourne sprang up to housearge comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and whoad no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawingividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting toictate their orders to the manag
42、ement.2 3. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of theives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company inhich he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capitalnd labor was not good.2 4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more directelation with the men and
43、their demands, but even he had seldom thatami liar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer hadften had under the more patriarchal system of the old familyusiness now passing away.2 5. A mong the many shaping factors,I would single out theountry，s excellent elementary schools : a labor f
44、orce thatelcomed the new technology ； the practice of giving premiums tonventors ； and above all the A merican genius foronverbal, spatial thinking about things technological.2 6. A s Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinksbout objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbalescr
45、iptions : they are dealt with in his mind by aisual, nonverbal process.The designer and thenventor., are able to assemble and manipulate in their mindsevices that as yet do not exist02 7. Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit downmong levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among
46、 theetters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of hishoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new ideao2 8. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves andives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programsnd, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the wa
47、ys ofreationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may comes an unpleasant surprise.2 9. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gouldays : This book stands for reason itself. A nd so it does-and allound be well were reason the only judge in thereationism/evolution debate.30 .
48、A fter six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hotarliamentary debates, A ustralias Northern Territory became theirst legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take theives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, includinghurches,right-to-
49、1ife groups and the A ustralian Medicalssociation, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of itsassage. B ut the tide is unlikely to turn back.32 . In A ustralia- where an aging population, life-extendingechnology and changing community attitudes have all played theirart other states are going to
50、consider making a similar law toeal with euthanasia.33. There are, of course, exceptions. Smal 1- mindedfficials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardlynknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently thatt deserves comment.34. We live in a society in which the medicinal
51、 and social usef substances (drugs) is pervasive : an aspirin to quiet aeadache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in theorning, a cigarette for the nerves.35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, withore and more of the substance required to produce the desiredffect, an
52、d then by the appearance of unpleasant with drawalymptoms when the substance is discontinued.36. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers ?enator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. Youave sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threatenur chiIdren as we
53、l1?37. The test of any democratic society,he wrote in a Walltreet Journal column，, lies not in how well it can controlxpression but in whether it gives freedom of thought andxpression the widest possible latitude, however disputable orrritating the results may sometimes be.38. During the discussion
54、of rock singing verses at lastonths stockholders，meeting, Levin asserted that music is not theause of society，s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in theronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, suchs steering the economy
55、 to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes ,akes it sound 1 ike a precise science. Nothing could be furtherrom the truth.40 . Economists have been particularly surprised by favorablenflation figures in B ritain and the Unitedtates, since, conventional measures suggest that bothconomies, and especia
56、lly A mericas, have little productive slack.翻译2 1. 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的攵量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财学的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几， 同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。22 . 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很 的 “ 舒适”阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，U们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令二外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。23 . 这 样 的 “ 股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的
57、工人们的生活、 思艮和需求一无所知， 而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。24 . 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接， 但就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消三的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的二人有这样的私人关系。25 . 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些： 这个国家优秀的小学教r : 欢迎新技术的劳动者们： 奖励发明者的做法； 而且最重要的是美国（ 在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、 “ 空间性的”思考方面的天赋。26 . 正如尤金 弗格森所指出的那样： “ 一个技术专家思考那些不能女简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东
58、西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一中视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的设计者和发明者能够在U们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”27 . 罗伯特 法欧特曾经这样写到： “ 一个技师会坐在杠杆、 螺丝钉、电子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字于看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了 种新的思想。”28 . 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描区了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁； 熟氐的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种y 快的诧异。29 . 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬杰 伊古
59、尔德写道： 这本书本身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的而且如果理性成为中造论/ 地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。30 . 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大U 亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命勺立法当局。31 . 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导匚命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案勺通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。32 . 在澳大利亚人口老龄化， 延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态t这些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐匕的法律。33 . 当然，例外是存
60、在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，口没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意1 , 这使得它值得被讨论一下。34 . 我们生活在一种药品（ 毒品）的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的上会里： 一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自巳提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。35 . 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量， 要产生想得到的攵果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快勺停药症状的出现。36 . 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们： 难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业? 你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂， 但I:难道你
61、们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗？ ”37 .“ 对任何一个民主社会的考验，”他 在 华尔街杂志的一个专兰文章中写到， “ 不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于Z个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种吉果是多么的富有争议或令人不快”38 . 在- 上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说： 音乐不是社会问题的原因”，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是1约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。39 . 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇， 例 如 “ 轻踩刹车”以 “ 操纵经干软着陆”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更
62、 离实际情况的了。40 . 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，M 为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生日萧条的时候。41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a littleefective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changesn the world have upended the old economic models that were basedpon the historical link betwee
63、n growth and inflation.42. The A swan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding buteprived Egypt of the fertile si It that floods left-all in returnor a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt thatt barely generates electricity.43. New ways of organizing the workplace-all thate-eng
64、ineering and downsizing-are only one contribution to theverall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many otheractors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, newechnology, and investment in education and training.44. His colleague, Michael B eer, says that far too manyompanies
65、have applied re-engineering in a mechanisticashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought toong-term profitability.45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns ateetings such as The Flight from Science and Reason, held in Nework City in 1995, and Science in the A ge of (Mi
66、s) information, whichssembled last June near B uffalo.46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that thentiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, fromuthorities who advocated the elimination of the last remainingtocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreasedun
67、ding for basic research.47. The true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrlich oftanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are thoseho question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletionf the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.48. This development-and its s
68、trong implication for USolitics and economy in years ahead- has enthroned the South asmerica，s most densely populated region for the first time in theistory of the nations head counting.49. Often they choose-and still are choosing- somewhatolder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and A laska in order to
69、 escapemog crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.50 . A s a result, California, s growth rate dropped during the970 s, to 18. 5 percent- little more than two thirds the I960 ( srowth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.51. Unlike most of the worlds volcan
70、oes, they are not alwaysound at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make uphe earths surface;on the contrary, many of them lie deep in thenterior of a plate.52 . The relative motion of the plates carrying these continentsas been constructed in detai 1, but the motion of the plates withe
71、spect to another cannot readily be translated into motion withespect to the earths interior.53. Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance ofeath or serious injury by more than half.54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-theangers of drug interactions, for example- and ma
72、ny are requiredy state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actuallyrotect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customers injured.55. A t the same time, the A merican Law Institute-a group ofudges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carryubstantial weight- issued ne
73、w guidelines for tort law statinghat companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers orombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.56. In the past year, however, software companies have developedools that allow companies to push information directly out toonsumers, transmitting marketing m
74、essages directly to targetedustomers.57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A mazon, com, and otherioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of productsith the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security willttract online customers.58. A n invisible border divides those arguing f
75、or computers inhe classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and thoserguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons ofadical education reform.59. Rather,we have a certain conception of the A mericanitizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competentlyccess how his live
76、lihood and happiness are affected by thingsutside of himself.60 . B esides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number ofvery kind of professional in a country as large as ours and wherehe economy is spread over so many states and involves so manynternational corporations.61. B ut, for a small gr
77、oup of students, professional trainingight be the way to go since well-developed skills, all otheractors being equal, can be the difference between having a job ancot.62 . Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animalusbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal fundsot be
78、 used for such an experiment-although no one had proposedo do so- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired byrinceton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the Whiteouse in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy onuman cloning.63. In a draft preface to the recommendations,
79、discussed at the7 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broadonsensus that it would be morally unacceptable to attempt toreate a human child by adult nuclear cloning.64. B ecause current federal law already forbids the use ofederal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of h
80、umanffspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger anmbryos life, NB A C will remain silent on embryo research.65. If experiments are planned and carried out according tolan as faithfully as the reports in the science journalsndicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expe
81、ctesearch to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.66 .It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe thatcientists who know exactly where they are going and how they willet there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping oneye on the cash register while the other eye is on t
82、he microscope.67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern ares desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers wouldppear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminatinggainst the odd balls among researchers in favor of moreonventional thinkers who work well with th
83、e team.68. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the samen survival and number of off-spring- means that naturalelection has lost 80 % of its power in upper-middle-class Indiaompared to the tribe.69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, its advisable to find out what its advo
84、cates are aimingt, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles mayeem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regardeds normal.70 . With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is ratherifficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting thathe theory on w
85、hich it is based may be right- it can hardly belassed as Literature.71. B ut it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatoryotes that a certain 1 ine describes a fight between a Turkish andB ulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into theiver and then to find that the line consist
86、s of the noise ofheir falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff ! Pluff ! Aundred and eighty-five kilograms.72 . The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry ofomen into the male- domiated job market have 1imited thepportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavyerso
87、nal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid socialadder to good schools and jobs.73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then educationinister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reformsntroduced by the A merican occupation authorities after World WarI had weakened the Japanese morality
88、 of respect for parentso74. With economic growth has come centralization:fully 76ercent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities whereommunity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor ofsolated, tow-generation households.75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it muste
89、 widely shared;and it especially must be highly regarded byeople who are themselves admired, the educated not least amonghem.76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success andts signs now than formerly. Summer homes, Europeanravel, B MWs- the locations, place names and name brands mayha
90、nge, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decader two years ago. 77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocriticalpectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply : theritic of A merican materialism with a Southampton summer home; theublisher of radical books who takes his m
91、eals in three-starestaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in11 phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in privatechools.78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionalnd amateurs in science : exceptions can be found to any rule,evertheless, the word amate
92、ur does carry a connotation that persononcerned is not fully integrated into the scientific communitynd, in particular, may not share its values.79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas ofcience based especially on a mathematical or laboratoryraining, and can be illustrated in terms o
93、f the development ofeology in the United kingdom.80 . A comparison of B ritish geological publications over theast century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasisn the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of whatonstitutes an acceptable research paper.翻译41.很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一
94、点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世帝经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历N 关联为基础的旧的经济模式。42 . 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃3以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋E的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。43 . 企业重组的新方法所有那些重新设计、 缩小规模的做法三是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多 他因素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育口培训上的投资。44 . 他的同事迈克尔比尔说， 有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式匚行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期
95、赢利的能力下削减了成45 . 科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比 如 1995年在纽约亍举行的“ 逃离科学与理性”会议，以及去年6 月在布法罗附近召开的“ （ 错误）信息时代的科学”会议。46 . 一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴E许多其他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到支吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人（ 都被贴上了反科学的标签）。47 . 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗厄尔里西认为，科学真正勺敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的E据提出置疑的人。48 . 这种发展以及其对美国政治、 经济在未来几年的潜在的强有2的影响
96、使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最子集的地区。49 . 他们常常选择现在依然这样选择居住在那些气候较为旻冷的地区，比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、日菲，以 及 “ 金州” （ 加利福尼亚）城市化进程中的其他问题。50 . 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在2 0 世纪70年代时下降到了8. 5% 稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。51 . 跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它 们 （ 热点）并不总是在由构它地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现； 相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。52 . 携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来
97、， 但是Z些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球1部的运动。53 . 系好安全带能够挽救性命， 它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以O54 . 尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的比如对于药物相互作用的郢佥提出警告许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而（ 我们）并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时一，这些警告是不是确实可以使争生产者和销售者豁免责任。5 5 . 与此同时，美国法律研究所由一群法官、 律师和理论专家组L 他们的建议分量极重发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称， 司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他 注意一些可能会出现的危险。5 6 . 但是，在过
98、去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可人直接将信息“ 推出”给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。5 7 . 像 V irtualV ineyards, A mazon, com这样的先驱网站表明，一个至交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸I 网上客户注意的。5 8 . 有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩， 有些人为教学的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间一条无形的界线。5 9 . 我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念， 这个公民人物如W 不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的乡响，那么其公民特征就是不
99、完整的。6 0 . 另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到习么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大6 1 . 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因I 在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。6 2 . 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类,f下令。不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验尽管还没有人建议这么女 他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得夏皮罗为首的独立的专R 组在 9 0 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。6 3 . 在 5月 1 7 日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮3 提
100、出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那 就 是 “ 试图通过成人细胞核克隆七制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”6 4 . 因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎（ 人类后裔E 出生前的最早阶段）用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，N B A C 在胚台研究上将保持沉默。6 5 . 如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规力和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量勺结果是完全合理的。6 6 . 审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家: 应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机， 一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。6 7 . 如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一
101、的要求就像他论文的写作所2映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“ 思维与众不同的、 ”，喜欢其中较为传统的“ 善于团队合作”的思想者而受到指责了。6 8 .当今人与人在很大程度上的平等即面对自然淘汰法则人人I会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样意味着和在印度土著部落中的号况相比，印度中上层阶级中已丧失了 8 0 %的自然选择中的优势。6 9 .当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时， 最好应该弄清忑场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵壬无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。7 0 . 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来三义诗歌是什么就算承
102、认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的这中形式也很难被归入文学。7 1 . 但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一、 保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中: 过只充斥着“ 扑通，扑通，1 8 5公斤重”这类对他们落水时的动静以） 对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。7 2 .战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市。 使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬二日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大勺个人牺牲。7 3 . 去年， 当担任教育部长职务的源户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领彳局引入的自由主义革
103、新削弱了日本民族“ 尊敬父母的道德品质”的时总舆论哗然。7 4 . 随着经济的增长，出现了集中化： 全 国 1 . 1 9 亿公民，其中整整6%的人口定居城市： 在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒尹 ，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。7 5 . 如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享； 尤专会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可工占少数。7 6 . 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。与夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，3 这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。7 7
104、. 相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以正的任何时候都更供应充足： 美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安亭顿的避暑山庄： 激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐； 倡? 在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。7 8 . 科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：M 为任何规则都有例外。然而， “ 业余”一词的确意味着相关人员不能已分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。79. 很自然， 这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科页域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。80 . 将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域
105、的出版物做一下比较， （ 我们）方会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科耳论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。81. The overall result has been to make entrance torofessional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a resulthat has been reinforced by the widespread introduction ofefereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and the
106、ny several local geological journals in the 2 0 th century.82 . A rather similar process of differentiation has led torofessional geologists coming together nationally within one orwo specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either toemain in local societies or to come together nationall
107、y in aifferent way.83. Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostlyow- level findings about factual errors and spelling andrammar mistakes, combined with lots of head- scratchinguzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.84. I believe that the most important forces behind the
108、 massive&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process :ailing transportation and communication costs, lower trade andnvestment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlargedperations capable of meeting customers demands.85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked myrofessio
109、nal progress promoted me to abandon my relatively highrofile career although, in the manner of a disgraced governmentinister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more timeith my family.86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after heruch-publicized resignation from the editorship o
110、f She after auild-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling yourife, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings witht far greater rewards than financial success and social status.87. While in A merica the trend started as a reaction to theconomic deciine-after the mass red
111、undancies caused by downsizingn the late 80 sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, inritain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of mycquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify ourives.88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keepuggling through the
112、 80s, down-shifting in the mid, 90s is not souch a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organicegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognitionf your limitations.89 .If you are part of the group which you are addressing, youill be in a position to know the experiences
113、and problems whichre common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to makepassing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman) ( sotorious bad taste in ties.90. There are already robot systems that can perform some kindsf brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far grea
114、terrecision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with theirandsaone91. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsavingtility, they will have to operate with less human supervision ande able to make at least, a few decisions for themselves-goals thatose a real challenge.92. But the hum
115、an mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene andmmediately disregard the 98 percent that isrrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side ofwinding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.93. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, ifil prices averaged
116、 $2 2 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13n 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economiesy only 0 . 2 5- 0 . 5% of GDP.94. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil pricess that, unlike the rises in the 1970 s, it has not occurred againsthe background of general
117、 commodity-price inflation and globalxcess demand.95. A lthough it ruled that there is no constitutional right tohysician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported theedical principle of double effect, a centuries-old moralrinciple holding that an action having two effects- a good onehat is in
118、tended and a harmful one that is foreseen- isermissible if the actor intends only the good effect.96. Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medicalenter, contends that the principle will shield doctors who untilow have very, very strongly insisted that they could not giveatients sufficient mediation t
119、o control their pain if that mightasten death.97. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledgehat the assisted一suicide debate has been fueled in part by theespair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged thehysical agony of dying.98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain
120、and the aggressivese of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolongnd even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems ofnd- of- life care.99. In other words, there is a conventional story line in theewsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-madearrative structure for otherwise confusing new.10 0 . If it did, it would open up its diversity program, nowocused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters whoiffer broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.钟 平【 关 闭 窗 口 】
