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1、Natural Cellulosic FibersNatural Cellulosic Fibers天然纤维素纤维天然纤维素纤维2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberFibrous materials are found in nearly all plant life, but some plants in particular have proved to be important sources of textile fibers for the ma
2、nufacture of yarns, cord, and fabrics. these plant fibers comsist largely of cellulose and, therefore, are classified as natural cellulosic fibers.fibrous 纤维的textile 纺织品yarns 纱、线cord 绳、索fabric 织物2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberFibrous materials
3、 are found in nearly all plant life, but some plants in particular have proved to be important sources of textile fibers for the manufacture of yarns, cord, and fabrics. these plant fibers comsist largely of cellulose and, therefore, are classified as natural cellulosic fibers.纤维的原料几乎在所有植物中都能被找到，但部分
4、植物纤维的原料几乎在所有植物中都能被找到，但部分植物却被证明是制造纱线、绳索等织物的纺织品纤维的重要却被证明是制造纱线、绳索等织物的纺织品纤维的重要来源。这些植物纤维大部分由纤维素组成，因此，被分来源。这些植物纤维大部分由纤维素组成，因此，被分为天然纤维素纤维一类。为天然纤维素纤维一类。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberThis term indicates the simple chemistry of the substances and provi
5、des a scientific method for comparing natural cellulose with man-made cellulose fibers. The natural cellulose fibers commonly encountered in consumer goods include cotton, flax (linen fabric), jute, and hemp.flax 亚麻linen 亚麻布jute 黄麻hemp 大麻2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction o
6、f natural cellulosic fiberThis term indicates the simple chemistry of the substances and provides a scientific method for comparing natural cellulose with man-made cellulose fibers. The natural cellulose fibers commonly encountered in consumer goods include cotton, flax (linen fabric), jute, and hem
7、p.这学期指出物质的简单的化学性质，为天然纤维素纤这学期指出物质的简单的化学性质，为天然纤维素纤维和人造纤维素纤维的比较提供一个科学的方法。在维和人造纤维素纤维的比较提供一个科学的方法。在消费商品中通常遇到的天然纤维素纤维有棉、亚麻消费商品中通常遇到的天然纤维素纤维有棉、亚麻（亚麻布织物）、黄麻和大麻（亚麻布织物）、黄麻和大麻。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberOther natural cellulose fibers may be found in
8、textile products imported from other countries.其它纤维素纤维可能从国外进口的纺织产品中找到。其它纤维素纤维可能从国外进口的纺织产品中找到。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber The following discussion summarizes the general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers and rayon as a class or g
9、roup.Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are chemical variants of cellulose and, as such, do not share in many of the “family characteristics.” rayon 人造丝acetate 醋酸盐triacetate 三醋酸盐2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber The following discussion
10、summarizes the general characteristics of natural cellulosic fibers and rayon as a class or group.Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are chemical variants of cellulose and, as such, do not share in many of the “family characteristics.” 接下来的讨论一组一组的概括了天然纤维素纤维和人造接下来的讨论一组一组的概括了天然纤维素纤维和人造丝的一般特性。醋
11、酸纤维素和三醋酸纤维素是不同的化丝的一般特性。醋酸纤维素和三醋酸纤维素是不同的化学纤维素，同样的，它们有很多不同的特性。学纤维素，同样的，它们有很多不同的特性。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberThe density of cellulosic fibers tends to be relatively high, making fabrics woven from yarns of these fibers feel comparatively hea
12、vy. Cellulosic fibers have relatively low elasticity and resilience. As a result, they wrinkle easily and do not recover from wrinkling readily. woven 无纺布elasticity 弹性resilience 弹性wrinkle 起皱2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberThe density of cellulo
13、sic fibers tends to be relatively high, making fabrics woven from yarns of these fibers feel comparatively heavy. Cellulosic fibers have relatively low elasticity and resilience. As a result, they wrinkle easily and do not recover from wrinkling readily. 纤维素纤维的密度倾向于相对高些，用纤维制的纱线来纤维素纤维的密度倾向于相对高些，用纤维制的
14、纱线来制造无纺布就相对困难些。纤维素纤维的弹性相对低些。制造无纺布就相对困难些。纤维素纤维的弹性相对低些。因此，它们更容易起皱并且不容易从轻易地起皱中恢复。因此，它们更容易起皱并且不容易从轻易地起皱中恢复。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberAbsorbency and moisture regain are generally good. Most cellulosic fibers are, therefore, slow to dry after w
15、etting, comfortable to wear, and easy to dye.moisture 水分wetting 变湿dye 染色absorbency 吸收性吸收能力和水分恢复能力一般很好。大部分的纤维素纤吸收能力和水分恢复能力一般很好。大部分的纤维素纤维是这样的，因此，它们变湿后干的很慢，穿着很舒适，维是这样的，因此，它们变湿后干的很慢，穿着很舒适，很容易染色。很容易染色。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber Cellulosic fibe
16、rs are good conductors of heat and electricity. As good conductors of heat, they carry warmth away from the body, and are favored for use in hot weather and warm climates.Since they conduct electricity, cellulosic fibers do not build up static electricity, which produces shocks when garments are wor
17、n.纤维素纤维是热和电的良导体。作为热的良导体，它们从纤维素纤维是热和电的良导体。作为热的良导体，它们从身体带走热量，大量用于炎热的天气很温暖的气候中。因身体带走热量，大量用于炎热的天气很温暖的气候中。因为它们是电的良导体，纤维素纤维不会增加使穿衣服时产为它们是电的良导体，纤维素纤维不会增加使穿衣服时产生电击的静电。生电击的静电。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberCellulosic fibers tend to burn easily, with a
18、quick, yellow flame, much as paper (which is also cellulose). Most cellulosic fibers can, however, withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch. On an electric iron, cotton and linen setting are the highest settings on the dial.ironing 熨平衣服scorch 烧焦iron 熨斗dial 刻度盘2.1 Int
19、orduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberCellulosic fibers tend to burn easily, with a quick, yellow flame, much as paper (which is also cellulose). Most cellulosic fibers can, however, withstand fairly high dry heat or ironing temperatures before they scorch.
20、 On an electric iron, cotton and linen setting are the highest settings on the dial.纤维素纤维易于燃烧，燃烧迅速，火焰呈黄色，很像纸纤维素纤维易于燃烧，燃烧迅速，火焰呈黄色，很像纸的燃烧（纸也是纤维素）。大部分纤维素能够抵抗相当的燃烧（纸也是纤维素）。大部分纤维素能够抵抗相当高的干燥度很高温或者在不烤焦的情况下熨平的温度。高的干燥度很高温或者在不烤焦的情况下熨平的温度。对于一个上电的熨斗，棉和亚麻布都能抵抗最高温。对于一个上电的熨斗，棉和亚麻布都能抵抗最高温。2.1 Intorduction of natura
21、l cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber Chemical properties of cellulosic fibers include good resistance to alkalis. Excessive bleaching will harm cellulosic fibers, although carefully controlled bleaching is less detrimental. Strong mineral acids are quite damaging, and most
22、natural cellulosic fibers will withstand high water temperatures.properties 属性alkalis 碱bleaching 漂白mineral 矿物acid 酸2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber Chemical properties of cellulosic fibers include good resistance to alkalis. Excessive bleaching
23、 will harm cellulosic fibers, although carefully controlled bleaching is less detrimental. Strong mineral acids are quite damaging, and most natural cellulosic fibers will withstand high water temperatures.纤维素纤维的化学属性包括对碱的强抵抗力。过度的漂纤维素纤维的化学属性包括对碱的强抵抗力。过度的漂白会伤害纤维素纤维，尽管小心的控制漂白会减少伤害。白会伤害纤维素纤维，尽管小心的控制漂白会减
24、少伤害。强无机酸伤害性很大，大部分的天然纤维素纤维能抵抗强无机酸伤害性很大，大部分的天然纤维素纤维能抵抗水的高温。水的高温。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberSuch properties permit laundering of cellulosic fibers with strong detergents, controlled bleaching, and hot water temperatures. Regenerated cellulosi
25、c fibers are more sensitive to chemicals and require more careful handling and gentle agitation with lower water temperature.laundering 洗烫detergent 洗洁剂2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiberSuch properties permit laundering of cellulosic fibers with s
26、trong detergents, controlled bleaching, and hot water temperatures. Regenerated cellulosic fibers are more sensitive to chemicals and require more careful handling and gentle agitation with lower water temperature.这些属性允许纤维素纤维用强效洗洁剂，控制漂白高水温这些属性允许纤维素纤维用强效洗洁剂，控制漂白高水温的洗烫。再生的纤维素纤维对化学物质更敏感，需要更细的洗烫。再生的纤维素纤
27、维对化学物质更敏感，需要更细心的处理和温柔的搅拌较低的水温。心的处理和温柔的搅拌较低的水温。2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber Most insects do not attack cellulosic fibers. However, silverfish are likely to attack heavily starched cellulosic fabrics. Most cellulosic fabrics are susceptible t
28、o attack by fungi, especially mildew. Extended exposure to sunlight tends to damage the fiberssilverfish 蠹虫starched 淀粉fungi 真菌mildew 发霉2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber2.1 Intorduction of natural cellulosic fiber Most insects do not attack cellulosic fibers. However, silverfish are likely
29、 to attack heavily starched cellulosic fabrics. Most cellulosic fabrics are susceptible to attack by fungi, especially mildew. Extended exposure to sunlight tends to damage the fibers大部分的昆虫都不袭击纤维素纤维。然而，蠹虫就喜欢吃大部分的昆虫都不袭击纤维素纤维。然而，蠹虫就喜欢吃淀粉含量高的纤维素纤维。大部分纤维素纤维都易受真菌淀粉含量高的纤维素纤维。大部分纤维素纤维都易受真菌侵袭的影响，特别是霉菌。长期暴露在阳光下往往会破坏侵袭的影响，特别是霉菌。长期暴露在阳光下往往会破坏纤维。纤维。
