新视野大学英语(第二版)听说教程3听力原文

新视野大学英语（ 第二版）听说教程3原文听力原文•说明：本原文包含warning up, listening和 homework部分Unit 1 Live and love一、warming upW: Did the doctor call? Did he say I'm pregnant?M: \bah, I just talked to him.W: What did he say? Are we going to have a baby?M: Vbu're really excited about this, aren't you?W: Vbu know I am! It's my dream to have a baby that I can teach how to be a loving person. Ithouaht vou were excited too.M: Sure, I am. I am. I'm excited for the same reason as you are. I think we can do what yousaid — we can teach this baby how to grow up and become a loving person.W: So... is there a baby? What did the doctor say?M: It's exactly what we wanted. We're going to have a baby! Let's start off by calling ourfamilies and telling them the good news. I believe our parents are going to be as thrilledas we are.二、short conversations1W: I don't know what to say about your new girlfriend - she seems so cold, so distant.M: Deep down, she's a loving person. The problem is that she didn't have a loving family likeours. So she doesn't know how to express love.Q: According to the man, what's wrong with his new girlfriend?2W: Vbu look at my father and see a tough man with a gun and blood on his hands. But I seehim as a man who always provides for his family.M: Whoa, wait a minute. I didn't say anything of the sort. I admire your father a lot.Q: What does the man think about the woman's father?W: Vbu know, I never understood why my parents kept giving second chances to my brother.He never does right by them.M: Then you don't understand the nature of love. Love means never quitting on the one you3 love.Q: What does the woman NOT understand?4W: If only I had more money, I would buy my parents everything they wanted.M: That's a very nice thought, but it's really not necessary. Visit them more. That should beenough for them.Q: What should the woman do for her parents?5W: Excuse me! Have you already started class? Or am I on time?M: I've already begun the lesson. We're talking about the meaning of love. Please take yourseat.Q: What is the topic for the class?6W: Some learn from their parents, some from their friends... but if a person has never learnedabout love, his life is a waste.M: I agree whole-heartedly. Thankfully, I learned about love from my parents at an eariy age.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7W: It's 10 o'clock! You're late again! I just don't know what to say anymore.M: Sweetheart, love, darling, you should know that my being late has nothing to do with mylove for you. Try to understand me.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?8W: Sometimes I'm glad our mother isn't alive. I think if she could see the person I've become,she'd really be disappointed.M: Mom had a lot of love for you. If she were here now, she wouldn't judge you that way. Shejust would've been happy to see her kids and help them when she could.Q: According to the man, what would their mother NOT have done if she were alive?9M: Pardon me. Um, why don't you teach us anything about love in class?W: Well, love is important, but it's not a good topic for the classroom.论u should learn aboutlove from your parents or grandparents.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?10W: I've been thinking about how I could teach my children to be more loving.M: Sounds like a job for you and your husband. How about I give you some vacation time?Ybu could take a family trip and talk more with your kids.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?三、long conversationM: Sometimes I really don't understand you. You are often rude to our children, you neverplay with them, and you rarely say you love them. This isn't how parents are supposed toact. Where did you learn such behavior?W: Hey! I don't think I've treated them any differently than my parents treated me and mysisters!M: So that's where you learned it... from your parents?W: My parents were good. They raised three children.M: From what I can see, they didn't teach you howto be a loving person. What is going tohappen to our kids? If you keep treating them poorly, they're going to grow up to be justlike you.W: Listen, there's a lot that I can learn about being a good mother, but I still think I'm doing agood job. Look at our kids. They're already kind and loving people. And I don't think youhave any reason to worry.1. What are the two speakers talking about?2. According to the man, what is wrong with the way the woman treatsher children?3. According to the man, what didn't the woman's parents teach her?4. What does the woman think?5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?四、passageAll parents want to raise a happy, successful and loving child, but there is little agreementabout how best to reach this goal. Over the years, parents have tried dramatically differentways. They have put their baby on a schedule, or they have fed on demand; they have lettheir baby cry himself to sleep, or they have picked him up as soon as he cried; they havegiven their child whatever he wants, or they have taught him to get everything through his ownefforts. These contrasting parenting strategies arise from quite different views of the natureof children and childhood and the roles of parents. Some parents view their child as naturallysocial. 1b them, their job is to allow him the space to succeed. Others think that their childshould be taught how to act. There are probably positives and negatives to each method.None of them guarantees that your child will become the loving individual you want him to be.But some things are certain - a child will be more likely to be loving if you show him love,more successful if you give him examples of success, and happier if you are happy.1. What is this passage about?2. What do parents NOT agree upon?3. Why do parents have different methods for raising children?4. How w川 a father raise his child if he believes his child is naturallysocial?5. What can we be certain of?五、radio programOur "This I Believe" essay today comes from Corinne Colbert, a listener in Athens, Ohio.Colbert is a mother of two. She writes the newsletter for a business organization, and she ispresident of a parent-teacher's organization. Here's Corinne Colbert with her essay for "ThisI Believe".My husband is not my best friend. He doesn't complete me. In fact, he can be a self­absorbed jerk. We're nearly polar opposites: He's a lifetime member of the NRA whodoesn't care for journalists, and I'm a lifelong liberal with a journalism degree. On the otherhand, he doesn't beat or emotionally abuse me. He doesn't drink or chase other women.He's a good provider. So I'm sticking with him. Some people would call that "settling", likeit's a bad thing. But I believe in settling.Alas, to many of us, the grass is greener on the other side of the fence. From movies tomagazines to commercials, we're told that we should demand more from lives that are, formany of us, pretty good. We suppose to look better, eat better, find better jobs, be betterlovers and parents and workers. A stable marriage isn't enough. It's supposed to be a fairytale. Perfection is the goal.Settling in my sense, is about acceptance. Fm a pretty happy person, in large partbecause I'm honest with myself about what I have.Of course, some situations are worth improving. If your weight jeopardizes your health,exercise and change your eating habits; if your job makes you truly miserable, find a newone. If your marriage is toxic, end it Chances are, though, you probably have what youneed. If you're unhappy, ask yourself: Am I unhappy because I really don't have what I need,or because I just want more?So, yes, I'm settling. I'm happy with my husband who, despite his flaws, is a caring father,capable of acts of stunning generosity and fiercely protective of his family. Thinking abouthim may not set me on fire as it used to, but after 17 years and two kids, our love is stillwarm. And I believe that's good enough.HomeworkTasklM: Hello? Yfes. Um, can I get some help over here?W: Sure thing, handsome. What'll it be?M: A menu, please.W: We don't serve food - just the beers you see on the wall.M: All right. What about that one? It's German, right?W: nah, it is. Is that what you'd like?M: That'll do. But Fd like a cold one if you got one.W: Sure thing, sweetie. That'll be $6.25.M: Say, you're kinda friendly, aren't you?W: Suppose it comes with the job. It pays to be nice to people, don't you think?M: I suppose it does. That's what my mother said to me anyway. Oh, wait. Waita second. Oh no. I can't believe this.W: What's wrong?M: I think I left my wallet somewhere.W: Quick, look around. It's gotta be around here. Maybe on the floor.M: No... it's not there. I don't know where it could be. Any chance you can benice and give me the beer for free?W: No chance of that happening. No, if no one's paying, I'm not nice.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What is the man doing in this conversation?2. Where does this conversation take place?3. What does the man want?4. What did the man's mother teach him?|5. When is the woman friendly?Task2It's difficult to know what is truly happening inside a relationship. Though awoman might appear to be happy, she may be a victim of violence. And thougha man may appear to be gentle, he might not actually be. Every year estimatesrange from 3.4 million acts of violence against a wife or girlfriend to 3.9 millionin this small country.This is bad news. Unfortunately, there is more. Nearly one-third of womenreported being beaten by a husband or boyfriend at some point in their lives.Some of this violence resulted in injuries that required a doctor's care. Thirty­seven percent of women who sought emergency room treatment for violence-related injuries in 2005 were injured by their own husbands or boyfriends.What's more, twenty-six percent of all female murder victims in 2006 were killedby their partners.What this means is that we as a society must look for the signs of violence.Do you know someone who often gives poor excuses for being hurt? Maybeyou should talk with her about violence. Often a woman will stay in a violentrelationship because she believes her husband or boyfriend loves her. But sheshould know that violence does not equal love.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. According to the passage, what is difficult?2. How many women are beaten by a husband or boyfriend per year?3. What can we infer from this passage?4. What percentage of female murder victims were killed by a partner in 2006?)5. Why does a woman often choose to stay in a violent relationship?Task3Who doesn't love being in love? A true love listens to you talk about work,lets you have that last slice of pie, and (usually) remembers to take out the trash.He is ready to forget all kinds of misunderstandings. And he always thinksyou're beautiful, even without makeup.Scientists have long been keen to prove that love gives us health benefitstoo. Researchers can't say for sure that a lover is more important than a lovingfamily or warm friendship when it comes to wellness. But they are learningmore about how a romantic partner makes us stronger, with health gains thatrange from faster healing and better control over illnesses to living longer.The benefits of love are explicit and measurable. A study last year from theUniversity of Pittsburgh found that women in good marriages have a much lowerrisk of heart disease than those in high-stress relationships. The National Loveand Health Study has been tracking more than a million subjects since 1979.The study shows that married people live longer, have fewer heart attacks andlower cancer rates, and even get pneumonia less frequently than singles. A newstudy from the University of Iowa also found that cancer patients with a strongsense of connection to others and in satisfying relationships were better able tofight off cancer. It seems that love helps people strengthen their immuneUnit2 Step up to better health一、warming upW: Thank you for agreeing to take this interview. I know you're quite a busy man.M: I'm always happy to talk to people and answer questions from the audience.W: That's very nice to hear. People are calling you the world's healthiest man. What do youthink about that?M: What do I think? I think people are being very kind to me by saying so. I don't think I'm thehealthiest man in the worid, but I do take my health seriously. I exercise every day,running, swimming, and lifting weights.W: You certainly look great!M: Thanks. Better than that, though, I feel great. Exercise makes me happy, keeps my stresslevel down, and gives me all sorts of energy for my work and family.W: Do you have any special words for the audience?M: Yes. Start exercising today, and start living a better life.二、short conversations1.W: Wow! Ybu look great! What have you been doing to look so good?M: I've been lifting weights. I really feel great. Strange, but it hardly took any time at all beforeI started seeing improvements in my body.Q: What has been happening?2.M: Can you help me open this bottle? Someone put the cap on too tight.W: Sure thing! Umm... there! Hey, that wasn't tight at all! Vbu really need to work out a littlemore and build up your strength!Q: According to the woman, what is the man's problem?3.M: I just don't know what I'm going to do about my energy level! No matter what I do, I alwaysfeel tired!W: Here's an idea: Since you've already been exercising a lot with no result, maybe you canchange your diet.Q: According to the woman, what should the man do?4.M: Fd really like to begin an exercise program, but I simply don't know how to begin.W: Fve spoken to a doctor about it. I'll tell you what he told me: Start off with a little bit ofrunning and then do more and more every day.Q: What does the woman recommend?5.M: Cve been feeling terrible lately. Do you think exercise could help me?W: I can't say for sure. It probably wouldn't hurt, but exercise can't cure all of your problems.Q: What does the woman mean?6.W: Ybu always do so well in your classes! How do you make it?M: Running gives me energy to stay up late into the night. This allows me to study more. Dothe same and run with me tomorrow!Q: What does the man recommend?7.M: There's a strange limp in your walk. Did you pull a muscle or something?W: Nah. I just feel a bit tired from all of the exercise I've been doing at the gym. I'll return tonormal in just a moment.Q: What is wrong with the woman?8.M: Have you seen how much weight Angela's put on? Why do you think she stoppedexercising and started eating such unhealthy foods?W: It's a sad story. Her parents got divorced, and now she's totally ignored her health.Q: What is the conversation about?9.W: Hello? Are you the person I talked to on the phone about checking in for an appointment?M: Ybs. Just sign your name on this piece of paper, and the doctor will see you as soon as heis free.Q: Where does the conversation possibly take place?io.W: I've been so very worried, and I don't have a clue as to why I've been so sick.M: Try not to worry too much. Do some running, see me in a week, and let me know if thingschange. I'll run some tests on you if you're still not feeling well.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?三、long conversationM: Hey! Hold up! Can you spare a minute?W: Ugh, do you think you can make it quick?M: I'll only need a minute, and then you can return to your run.W: Fine, what's up?M: Ma and Pa asked me to talk to you about all the exercising you've been doing. They toldme I could find you here at the school track.W: So what of it?M: They think you've been doing a bit too much.W: Ybu know what the doctor said - if I don't get active, I could die of a heart attack.M: Yfeah, but I don't think he meant for you to do so much. YDU should take it slowly. Maybeyou could build an exercise program that becomes more and more difficult as time goesby.W: Is that what your doctor said?M: No. It's just common sense. Everyone knows you shouldn't overwork yourself when youstart exercising.W: Thanks for the concern. But tell Ma and Pa that I'll be fine with what Fm doing.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What is the woman doing when the man calls out to her?3. What are the woman's parents concerned about?4. How can the man be so sure of his opinion about exercise?5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?四、passageIt is very important to exercise. Many studies have shown that regular activity andexercise can improve overall health substantially. Exercise reduces the risk of heart diseaseby up to 35%, stroke by about 28%, certain cancers by 20% and more, and high bloodpressure by an amazing 52%. Exercise can also help you to build healthy bones andmuscles. Athletes must do physical training on a regular basis to increase their level ofperformance. Exercising includes walking, running, biking, and plenty of other activities aswell. My advice would be to pick something you enjoy doing and wouldn't mind pursuing on aregular basis. Then, you must stick to a schedule. Ybu can even pick a few differentactivities to mix things up and keep it interesting. Also, always stretch before physicalactivity! This is very important as you do not want to pull muscles. Most importantly, to keepa healthy body you must stay ACTIVE!1. What is this passage about?2. What effect does exercise have on preventing heart disease?3. Why must athletes exercise?4. What does the speaker recommend?5. Why is stretching necessary before you start exercising?五、radio programHere at this Chicago High School and others, there has been so much emphasis on thequality of school menus, but this new study says that none of that really matters when fastfood is just a short walk away.How can a cafeteria ever hope to compete with this? A new Harvard study says more andmore schools now have to. Eighty percent of schools in Chicago with a fast food restaurantless than half a mile away, raising concerns about how easy it is for kids to eat poorty, andwhether fast food companies are moving into the neighborhood on purpose."They take into account the demographics of neighborhoods, the roadways inneighborhoods, and where the access is to the consumer base."Doctor Bryn Austin is the study's lead author and says on a typical day, nearly a third ofAmerican kids eat fastfood. When they do, they consume more fat and calories, fewervegetables and fruits than on days when they don't.Overall, nearly nine million children in the US are overweight or obese, more than one inevery seven kids, a number that has tripled since 1980. McDonald's criticized the Chicagostudy saying most restaurants are in heavily trafficked areas. Schools said their spokesmenhave nothing to do with it. But child health advocates like Doctor Matte Longjohn say thestudy shows how recent attempts to improve school menus, even remove soda vendingmachines, may not be enough to improve children's eating habits.HomeworkTasklM: I thought Susan would live forever.W: No one lives forever.M: Yeah, I know. What I meant was that I didn't think she'd die so soon.W: What happened?M: Sad, really. \t)u know how she was always exercising, right?W: Sure. I saw her running every day in front of my house and around the blockseveral times while I was eating breakfast and getting ready for work in themorning.M: That was Susan. Always active. She ate well, and ran, ran, ran.W: So how did she die?M: Well, she did more than just running. She also liked to climb mountains. Shesaid that the fresh air and the exercise were good for her.W: Did she fall off the mountain?M: Nah. Turns out she was attacked by a bear. Guess she wasn't fast enough torun away.W: That's horrible. But it's lucky that I stayed in my home and just watched othersstay active.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What did the woman see while she was eating her breakfast?3. What does the man say about Susan?4. What happened to Susan?)5. Why does the woman say she is fortunate? «Task2Keeping healthy requires a conscious effort. Ybu make choices about thefoods you eat, just as you make choices about getting fresh air, exercise, andrest. And if you are like most people, you are making bad choices, particularlyin your diet. I'd like to offer some suggestions here.Nowadays, health experts are warning against fats and proteins. Thoughthese experts are right in telling you to be careful about the foods you eat, theyare wrong in advising you to stay away from fats and proteins. Both of thesethings serve important functions in the body. Fats provide energy. And they areespecially useful because they can be stored in the body for future use.Proteins are required for growth needs and for defending the body againstdisease. It is equally important that they are included in your diet too.A good diet is one that includes some fats and proteins - but not too much.You should already be eating five servings of vegetables and four servings offruits every day. So be sure to include two servings of something high in proteinand one or two servings of something rich in fat into your diet. Then you will beon the road to great health!Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is this passage about?2. What can be inferred from the passage?3. According to the passage, what is wrong?4. According to the passage, which of the following can help in protecting thebody from disease?)5. How many servings of vegetables should a person consume daily?Task3Today I would like to tell you about the effects of old age on health. Actuallytoday a lot of advancements have taken place in the care of old people. And oldpeople's physical health is not nearly as bad as it used to be.Probably the most ignored disorder among old people is depression.About 15% of old people suffer from this condition. Depression is often broughton by the problems which we have just mentioned.Although it is better now for old people, we have to admit that the bodydoes change as we grow older. There are changes in the lungs, the senses, thebrain and the skin.So what should old people do to combat these changes?They should eat a balanced diet - not too much fat - and chicken or fishshould be eaten rather than eggs or beef. We all know this. But also, old peopleshould eat more high-fiber and vitamin-rich foods, such as vegetables andfruits.Old people should give up smoking if they haven't already done so. Theyshould also exercise regularly - at least half an hour a time, three times a week.No section of the population can benefit more from exercise than the elderiy.Unit3 Ways to win一、warming uplam nearly 60 years old, and Hike to do things the way I have always done them, followingthe same methods I have used for years. After all, these methods have made me successful.However, I like to think I'm smarter than this. I'm too smart to think my ways of doing thingsare always the best This is why I like to see what others are doing. How do Koreanmanagement teams train their staff members? What methods are used by German schoolsin teaching languages? What approaches do American high school teachers take inteaching about confidence? Looking at these things, I discover new ways of doing things.二、short conversations1W: The President has decided that the current education system must be changed.M: \feah. But the question is what to change and how to change it. I'd like a leader who hasreal ideas for how things could be done!Q: What can we infer from the conversation?2W: A new language school from England has gotten a lot of attention because of its successin teaching students English.M: I saw something on the news about it. I should ask my teacher what he thinks.Q: How does the man know of the English language school?3W: My daughter's college entrance exam is coming up, and I don't think she's ready.M: Ybu might want to send her to a test preparation school, modeled on the schools in Japan.Students there do quite well.Q: Why does the man recommend the test preparation school?4W: Our school has started offering classes in Chinese philosophy and religions.M: I've actually taken some of these classes, as well as a Chinese cooking class. And now Iwant to visit China to see how the people live.Q: What does the man want to learn about when he travels to China?5W: Do you have any ideas for how I could improve my study skills?M: There are lots of special techniques and even classes on the subject of study skills, but Ithink you should forget about all of that. Just study more!Q: What should the woman do?6W: I've been thinking a lot about how I could become happier. But I don't know what to do.M: Well, I think you should give up on the idea that money brings happiness. Try learningfrom poor, simple farmers. They always seem happy.Q: What does the man think of farmers?7W: Well, I can't see why you are traveling to Germany.M: I know you want me to stay here, but my boss is sending me. I'm supposed to have a lookat a factory there and learn something from itQ: Why is the man traveling to Germany?8W: When the meeting begins, Td like you to introduce the methods of negotiation you learnedwhile you were in Japan.M: OK. Do you have plans to discuss how these methods can be used, or can Ido that?Q: What are the speakers talking about?9W: While you're away in Australia, I'd like you to learn all you can about Australian business,anything we can use to make our own company better.M: OK, I will. HI work hard and make the best of this opportunity.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?ioW: After trying new education methods from Germany, Japan, and India, I'm still shocked tofind that nothing is helping our students here improve.M: Maybe methods aren't successful outside of their own countries and we should stick toour local British ways.Q: Where are the speakers?三、long conversationM: Mandy has been working really hard to get into a good college. I wonder whether there'sanything we can do to help.W: Well, we could send her to a juku.M: A what? That sounds Japanese.W: It is Japanese. Ajuku is a Japanese school that prepares students for the collegeentrance examination.M: There are Japanese schools here in the United States?W: Not quite. There are schools here that are in the style of the Japanese ones. And they'revery successful in preparing students for big exams.M: That sounds good, but I don't think Mandy would want to leave the school she's at now.W: She wouldn't leave. Jukus are attended in addition to regular schools. She'd go thereevery day in the evening. And she'd also attend on weekends.M: Ybu think Mandy would do that? It'd take a lot of her free time away.W: Our daughter is a good student, and she wouldn't mind the extra work involved.M: OK, maybe we can go and visit one first before we make any decisions. How abouttomorrow?1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What do juku schools prepare students for?3. What can we infer from the conversation?4. How does the woman feel about Mandy?5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?四、passage\bung people go to school to gather information, become respectable members ofsociety, and prepare themselves either for university studies or for employment. And it is ateacher's job to help students accomplish these goals. But are public school teachers doinga good job?A recent report has an answer - NO. And the details are disturbing. For one,researchers claim that 57% of all class time is wasted. During this time, no teaching orlearning is actually taking place, as teachers have given this time to students to do whateverthey wish. If students want to talk to friends or play computer games, that is what they do.Secondly, teachers are nealectina their classes bv sometimes not even beina in the roomwith their students. According to the report, teachers spend 33% of the time outside of theclassroom where their students can't see them. Thirdly, and probably most disturbing of all,10% to 12% of teachers are drunk when they are giving their lessons.It is clear that something must change if public schools wish to help students accomplishtheir goals. And it seems that teachers should be supervised if improvements are to bemade.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. According to the report, what happens during over half of the classtime?3. How much of class time do teachers spend out of the sight of theirstudents?4. What does the speaker find most disturbing?5. What is the first step toward improving schools?五、radio programI believe in mystery.I believe in family.I believe in being who I am.I believe in the power of failure.And I believe normal life is extraordinary.This I Believe.Now an essay from our series "This I Believe1*. Maria Mayo Robbins is getting adoctorate in religion at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Her life is takingunexpected turns, good and bad, that helped her find meaning, and go forward.I believe in chance. Strings of unexpected encounters mark my life. I believe that chancehas guided me, jolted me sometimes, onto paths I wouldn't have chosen but needed to follow,whether I knew it or not. Chance encounters have led me across continents and intounanticipated worlds.At 21,1 first visited Italy. As I struggled with a mouthful of college Italian to find the word for"tower in a hostel one morning, an older woman laughed, straightened out my garbledattempts and invited me to her home. Chance gently pushed me and led me to a lifelongconnection to her family, their small town of Castelfranco Veneto and, several years later, theopportunity to live there.But chance is not always kind. When I was 25 years old, chance led an intruder to breakinto my home in the middle of a quiet spring night. The violence of that night and months ofrehabilitation left me questioning how I could ever find meaning in such a vicious stroke offortune. But in the years that followed, I drew even closer to my family and became a moreempathetic friend. I relished the ability to walk, or even run, on my own. I did all the things Ihad always wanted to do; I pierced my nose, flew to Israel and hauled a rented grand pianoup to my eighth-floor apartment. I lived a life in vivid moments. I followed the questions raisedby the attack into graduate school, where today I continue to study and work for justice forvictims of violence. I kept going, and meaning took hold in unexpected places.HomeworkTasklM: Vbu have a foreign roommate, don't you?W: No. But you have one, right?M: That's right - Leo. He's from France, and he's told me a lot about life in hiscountry.W: I hope Leo's not teaching you how to find a new girlfriend! Vbu've got yourhands full with me!M: Hey, don't worry about that; I'm not going to replace you! He doesn't teachme about finding new toves or anything like that. You can relax about that.W: But being romantic is what the French are famous for, isn't it?M: Come on, you should know better than that. The French are famous for manythings, so stop stereotyping them! Leo has opened my eyes to a lot ofdifferent things.W: Like what?M: Well, art, music, literature... the things the French are so accomplished in.W: How about food? The French are famous fortheir food.M: They are, but Leo hasn't taught me anything about French food. I plan tolearn about that when I go to France.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. Who is Leo?3. What does the woman know?4. What does the man plan to learn about in France?5. What is the relationship between the two speakers?Task2No doubt, college can teach you many things that will make you successfulin life. Still, there is something you must take care of if you want to continue inschool. I'm talking about paying for it. Paying for college is about to get harder.Starting in July, interest rates on new student loans will rise to 6.8 percent fromtoday's rate of 4.7 percent. In the future, they may reach 7.5 percent or even 10percent. Here, we see that getting a degree is becoming even more expensiveOn a $20,000 loan, students will be paying about $2,500 more just ininterest payments over the life of the loan.The cost of getting an education is going to prevent a lot of young adultsfrom living alone. Parents are also going to face more difficulties, for they willhave to support their children while their children are living at home.If you are a student, you should do what you can to reduce the amount ofmoney you spend while in college. Try to borrow as little as possible, and try topay off your debt as soon as you can in order to reduce interest rate payments.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is this passage about?2. What is today's interest rate on student loans?3. What is the result of the rise in interest rates for student loans?4. What causes problems for parents?)5. What does the speaker advise?Task3Why is it important to set goals? Because goals can help you do, be, andexperience anything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you,you can use goals to indicate your direction.Here, we can distinguish between two different types of people.Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be. They setlots of goals, both short-term and long-term, to help them reach their vision. Bysetting goals, your desired achievements in life, you are taking control of yourlife. It's like having a map to show you where you want to go.In most cases, winners in life set goals and follow through on them. Peoplewho win decide what they want in life, and then get there by making plans andsetting goals. But in contrast to successful people, unsuccessful people just letlife happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set - and they aren't difficult forpeople to attain. It's up to you to find out what your goals, ideals, and visionsreally are. Ybu are the one who can decide what to go after and in whatdirection to aim your life. So, if you're not a goal-setter, it's time to get busy.Unit4 Symbol of America一、warming upWelcome! Thank you for joining us on our tour of America. Vbu probably know a lotabout America already, but now you're going to learn a whole lot more! Maybe you've heardabout some of America's famous writers, like Jack Kerouac, from Americans you've met inyour own country. And maybe Americans traveling abroad have also filled you in on some ofour great artists, like Jackson Pollock. On this tour, we're going to visit the homes they oncelived in. It could also be that you've learned about great American musicians, like LouisArmstrong, and symbols of America, like the Statue of Liberty, in your history classes. Well,you'll be interested to know then that we'll be visiting some different museums dedicated tothese people. Once again, Fm glad you've chosen to travel with us. If you need any help,please call on me! I'm going to be your tour guide for the next few days.二、short conversations1W: It used to be that pictures of Uncle Sam were used just to encourage men to join the army.But now you can see his image in many other places as well.M: \feah. There are pictures of him all over the place, especially in advertisements.Q: What are the speakers talking about?2W: The Statue of Liberty represents a welcoming spirit toward immigrants, right?M: Well, mostly. But at first, it represented freedom from slavery. Then, it stood for thefriendship between France and the US. And then even more.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?3W: In the painting, American Gothic, a farmer is holding a weapon. Why? Is he going to war?M: No! That's not a weapon! He's holding a tool for doing farm work!Q: What mistake did the woman make?4W: I've traveled around the US, but I haven't discovered anything that seems to represent it.M: You haven't been to Washington D.C. then. If you had, you would've seen a lot of buildingsand statues that have come to represent the US.Q: Why should the woman travel to Washington D.C.?5W: What do you think comes to mind when foreigners think of the US?M: I'm not sure. But I hope they think of our beautiful forests and natural wonders. After all,this is what I think of.Q: What does the man wish for?6W: I had no idea that America was so famous for its painters.M: Well, there have been more than a few great American painters. However, I don't think theUS values them as much as it should do.Q: According to the man, what is wrong with the US?7W: I have to write a report on America's greatest symbol, but I don't know what it is.M: Well, you have a lot to choose from. There's the Golden Gate Bridge, the White House,the Statue of Liberty and so on... but if you ask me, I think it's the painting American Gothic.Q: According to the man, what is America's greatest symbol?8W: I don't think America has a symbol that compares with either the Eiffel Tower in Paris orthe Great Wall of China.M: What are you talking about? There are many symbols in this country. Take the WashingtonMonument for example, it holds a lot of importance for people here.Q: What does the man think of the Washington Monument?9W: Let's see... so far we've been to Ybsemite National Park, the Black Hills, and the HooverDam. What's the next stop on this tour? I'm getting kinda tired of sitting.M: Fm not exactly sure. Give me a moment and I'll ask the bus driver.Q: Where are the speakers?10M: Fm not sure why Mom and Dad took us on this tour of great American symbols.W: Seeing these things up close is so much better than learning about them in school. I thinkthey just wanted us to enjoy ourselves.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?三、long conversationW: Please be careful as you board the ship. We've had a bit of rain today, and the deck isslippery. There, now as you settle into your seats, let me share some information aboutthe Statue of Liberty. But first, does anyone have any questions?M: I have some questions about the Statue.W: Could you please speak up?M: I said, I have some questions about the Statue!W: Well then, let me hear them.M: Well, you see, Pm writing a report for school. So I need some details, such as how big theStatue is, when it was built, and so on. Mostly, I just need general information.W: OK. Ybu know that the Statue was built in France, right?M: Sure.W: Well, the French originally wanted to complete the Statue by 1876, but they had troublegathering funds for it. So, it wasn't finished until 1884. It was then transported to the US.It's worth mentioning that the Statue was sent in pieces, which were reassembled afterarriving in New York.M: When was that?W: In 1885.M: How tall is the Statue of Liberty?W: Altogether, from the ground to the tip of the torch, the Statue is about 93 meters tall.M: That's a bit taller than I thought.W: My number includes the base size. But subtracting the height of the base, the Statue isabout 46 meters.1. Where are the speakers?2. Why does the man want information about the Statue of Liberty?3. When did the French finish building the Statue?4. What surprises the man?5. What can we infer from the conversation?四、passageI am not only a painter, but a student of art. Sometimes, I don't quite understand why apiece of art is so popular, or why it means what it does to people. Such was the case when Ifirst thought about American Gothic, Grant Wood's famous painting of two farmers.American Gothic was inspired by a trip that Wood made in 1930. He saw a house thatwas built in the 1870s or 1880s, and he was very attracted to its strong design. He thenmade a quick sketch, went back to his studio, and began his painting immediately. Inaddition to his sketch made that year, he used an 1890 photograph to help him.The painting was strongly criticized by people who thought it made fun of simple farmers.I admit, I once thought the same thing, lb me, great paintings are ones that try to understandpeople, not to laugh at them. And I didn't like American Gothic. When I saw the painting inperson, I recognized the strength in the faces of the farmers. I started to see that the artistwas expressing the strength of simple American farmers. This is why so many people seethe painting as a symbol of the US.1. What does the speaker have trouble understanding?2. By the time Wood started American Gothic, how old was thephotograph he used?3. Why didn't some people like American Gothic?4. What did the speaker see when she saw the painting in person?5. What can be inferred from the passage?五、radio programOn this week's Fortune First, Coke or Pepsi.It is the question that has fueled the rivalry known as the "cola wars" for decades, but thefight is no longer just about the cola.Americans are drinking less carbonated sodas and they want healthier things. CocaCola launched Coke Zero, a calorie-free drink sweeter than Diet Coke and recentlypurchased Vitamin Water. The company also created "Make Every Drop Count", aninteractive program which encourages coke drinkers to live healthy and active lifestyles.Pepsi is not missing a beat either.They've been buying healthier brands, Naked Juice, Star Foods. One of their keydivisions is Quicker Foods which of course makes a variety of healthier alternatives. Theyhad a whole chain of fast food restaurants; they don't own those any more. One of the thingsthat they've done which is kind of innovative is they put together a theatre group. Basically it'san alternative to the focus group.These plays don't promote Pepsi so much as healthy lifestyles to the audience of retailexecutives and Pepsi sales teams.Coke and Pepsi are not the only companies struggling to meet consumer demands.Many fast food giants have added healthier options to their menus.Rivalries are ultimately always a good thing for the consumer at least because they spurcompetitiveness.HomeworkTasklW: YDU look like you're hard at work. Do you have a test coming up?M: No. I have a report that's due next week. I have to write five pages on theStatue of Liberty. I'm still gathering information on it. What Tve learned isreally quite interesting.W: It's kinda embarrassing, but I don't know much about it.M: Mind if I educate you?W: Mind? Heck, Fd appreciate itM: OK. So, here are some facts that I learned from my research. The Statuestands 46 meters high and weighs 225 tons. It was first constructed inFrance. 1b travel from Paris to New York Harbor, the Statue had to bedisassembled into 300 pieces and shipped in more than 200 woodenboxes.W: When was it first displayed?M: On October 28th, 1886, President Grover Cleveland delivered an address atthe Statue's dedication ceremony, during which she was ultimately unveiledto the American people.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. Why is the man gathering information about the Statue?3. What is the woman embarrassed about?4. How many boxes were used in sending the Statue from Paris to New Ybrk?5. What happened in October of 1886?Task2Violent computer games might be teaching children to be violent. Adultmovies may be teaching children to use unacceptable language. But what isbeing taught by Barbie dolls? Many people throughout the years havecomplained about Barbie dolls. Here are a couple of their complaints.For one, people say that Barbie encourages an unrealistic image. Thedoll's waist is too thin, her neck is too long, and her breasts are too big. Someparents and doctors are concerned about the ideas this gives to young girls.They say that young girls grow up with an idea of beauty that is simplyimpossible. Ybung girls will stop from eating, exercise too much, and still theycannot match up with Barbie.Barbie also seems to be living in a mostly white world. Barbie is white andher boyfriend is white. Defenders of Barbie say this complaint is not fair, andthey point to the many Barbies of different races. In 1978, Mattel, the companythat makes Barbie, came out with a Hawaiian Barbie. Then they followed thisup with a Black Barbie in 1979, anAsian Barbie in 1981, and an Indian Barbiein 1982.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. What might adult movies teach to children?3. What message does Barbie convey to young girls?4. What do people say in support of Barbie?i5. When was the Asian Barbie released?Task3When people think of American films, they generally think of Hollywood.However, some films are independent of Hollywood studios. Films madeindependently from Hollywood are known as independent films. They are madewith smaller budgets than their Hollywood counterparts. Movies made in thismanner typically emphasize high professional quality in terms of acting,directing, screenwriting, and other elements associated with production. Theyare also known for creativity and innovation. These movies usually rely uponcritical praise or specialized marketing to obtain an audience.American independent cinema was energized in the late 1980s and eariy1990s. This occurred as another new generation of filmmakers made films. Interms of directing, screenwriting, editing, and other elements, these movieswere innovative and often irreverent. They began playing with and contradictingthe conventions of Hollywood movies, which audiences seemed to enjoy.Furthermore, their considerable financial successes and crossover into popularculture made them even more profitable. Independent films became bigbusiness with a large following. Some people have taken advantage of this risein popularity, making more and more independent films.Unit5 Death's lessons for life一、warming upW: We are going to die. This is a sad fact of life - one that we all must accept. Usually, deathinvolves losing the stories we've collected in our memories. David Isay is here to tell ushow we can save all of this information. Thank you for joining us.M: Thank you for having me. I've started an oral-history project called StoryCorps to preservestories that would be lost. I visit homes and I record people as they talk about theimportant things they've experienced in their lives.W: What are some of the best stories you've come across through this project?M: I've heard all sorts of adventure stories, mountain climbing and this sort of thing, but whatreally gets me, what really touches me, are stories with a special message of love andhope.二、short conversationsW: I'll never forgive myself for not being there at Mom's side when she died.M: Don't beat yourself up about this. Ybu were there with her during so much of her life, soyou have nothing to be ashamed of.(Q: Why shouldn't the woman feel bad about not being there when her mother died?2W: Before his death, Grandpa said we should always be generous with each other.M: That's Grandpa, always telling others what to do. But I'm not so sure he followed his ownadvice. I, for one, never saw him share with anyone.Q: According to the man, what kind of person was Grandpa?3W: Now that Dad has passed away, we need to prepare some words to say about his life.M: We should tell others what he told us - to make the world a better place by being lovingpeople. Fm sure the rest of the family would appreciate this.Q: What does the man think that they should talk about?4W: My father keeps asking me to take him to a suicide doctor. He says he's ready to die.M: Since his illness is beyond cure, maybe you should respect his wishes. I know you don'tagree, but it's his life and his choice.Q: What does the man think?5W: Though she didn't say so, I think Mom would want me to have some of her money now thatshe has passed away.M: Ybu can have all of it! I don't care about the money; I only care about honoring her memory.Q: What does the man care about?6W: I don't know why Grandma didn't want us to be in the hospital with her when she passedaway.M: Well, you know, she was a nurse. So she saw a lot of death. It's an ugly thing, and shedidn't want us to see it.Q: Why did Grandma want the speakers to stay away from her when she passed away?7W: Do you ever wonder what will happen after death? I mean, is there a heaven, or...M: Ah, don't be sillyl When you're dead, you're dead! And that's all there is to it! Nothing canconvince me otherwise!Q: What are the speakers talking about?W: I hear you perform assisted suicides for old people. Is that right? Maybe you can end mypain?M: I'm afraid you have me confused with a different doctor. And if you're thinking of killing8 yourself, you should talk to a family member, your husband perhaps.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?9W: I feel terrible that I couldn't make it to the hospital when Mom was dying.M: \bu should. She kept asking where you were. Our mother was so good to you. Youshould've been there.Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?10W: When winter hits, old people die at a surprising rate here. Maybe 60 or 70 people will goin the first month.M: Actually, the first month of last winter took 85 in our town. And with Dad being 86 now, I'mpraying that he can survive the winter.Q: How old is their father?三、long conversationM: How's your mother?W: She didn't pull through.M: What?W: Yfeah, she passed away. It happened last night, at just after eleven o'clock. But I'd beenexpecting it for a long time.M: Oh, Fm so sorry.W: Thanks. I'll be OK. Mom left me with some wisdom just before she passed away.M: What did she say?W: Minutes before she went, she said that there were 20 good things in life. And if a persondid at least 15 of these things, that person would be happy.M: Would you mind telling me what these things are?W: Sure. One was that a person should have children. Having children can teach you aboutsharing, love, and so much more. Mom said it was the best thing she had ever done.M: And the others?W: She said that a person should give money to charity, write a book, travel around the world,and make peace with one's enemies.M: That's five things altogether. What about the others?W: She closed her eyes then. And that was it.M: That's so sad!W: Not really. I think I could guess the rest. Essentially, Mom was telling me to have anexciting and loving life, without hatred or anger.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. According to the woman's mother, how many things should a persondo at least in order to be happy?3. What can one learn from having children?4. What can we infer from the conversation?5. Why did the daughter feel all right even though her mother failed tolist all of the good things?四、passageAre you afraid to die? We asked over 57,000 adults this question and others in a poll.Before we conducted the poll, we had an idea of what sort of answers we would receive. Weexpected around 90 percent of the people to admit a great fear of death, and most of them,up to 70 percent, to say they were afraid of what comes after death. But it wasn't the case,not at all.A surprising 80 percent of people responding to the poll said they didn't fear death at all.Twelve percent said they feared death only a little, and only eight percent reported great fearassociated with death.However, people are not without worries. The people we polled answered the otherquestions, saying, though they didn't fear death, they feared the problems leading up todeath. The biggest of these problems had to do with close family members. Adults withchildren overwhelmingly said they worried about children who would have to watch them die.The process of watching someone die is incredibly difficult, and parents didn't want theirchildren to see them go through it. Interestingly enough, however, most of the people whosaid this also said they wanted to care fortheir own parents as their parents became elderiy.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. What did researchers expect?3. What percentage of people fear death only a little?4. What is the biggest concern about death?5. According to the passage, which of the following statements isTRUE?五、radio programD I give you some advice about life. Eat more roughage. Do more than others expect youto do and do it at pains. Remember what life tells you. Don't take to heart every thing youhear. Don't spend all that you have. Don't sleep as long as you want. Whenever you say "Ilove you", please say it honestly. Whenever you say "I'm sorry", please look into the otherperson's eyes. Fall in love at first sight. Love deeply and ardently, even if there is pain, butthis is the way to make your life complete. Find a way to settle, not to dispute. Never judgepeople by their appearance. Speak slowly, but think quickly. When someone asks you aquestion you don't want to answer, smile and say, "Why do you want to know?" Rememberthat the man who can shoulder the most risk will gain the deepest love and the supremeaccomplishment Call your mother on the phone. If you can't, you may think of her in yourheart. When someone sneezes, say, "God bless you." If you fail, don't forget to learn yourlesson.HomeworkTasklW: I would like to live forever.M: That's impossible!W: Ybah, I know. But still, it'd be nice. Don't you think so?M: Hardly.W: What do you mean?M: People are living longer and longer nowadays. Only a few generations agoit was uncommon for people to live into their 70s or 80s. The governmentoffered to make payments to people older than 65, because not so manypeople lived to be older than that.W: Yeah?M: Ybah. But now, people are regularly living to be 90, 95... My great­grandmother turned 100 last week.W: So why is this a problem?M: Ybu should see my great-grandmother! She's miserable. She says sheWANTS to die.W: Why?M: "Life is too painful when all your organs are weak," she says.W: Yeah, I can understand that. But think of all the good things a person wouldmiss if he or she were dead!M: But the dead don't worry about this. When you're dead, there are no cares atall!Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What can be inferred from the conversation?2. According to the conversation, what is common now?3. How old is the man's great-grandmother?4. Why does the great-grandmother want to die?)5. What does the man think?Task2There's a care center for old people near my university. It's a place whereold people go to live out the last years or months of their lives. Doctors andnurses care for them and make them as comfortable as possible. I know thisplace well, because I go there as a volunteer almost every day.Some people might find this place depressing. And I have to admit,sometimes it is. Still, I learn a lot from the experience, and I find it mostlyuplifting. Here, among the elderly, I make friends that are unlike any of myfriends at school. These people have experienced so much. One man told meabout his adventures in Africa. A woman told me about her children. She has19!Care centers for the elderly are often visited by people like me. Still, morepeople are needed to offer warmth and attention. Some care centers advertisefor more volunteers to come. They are especially interested in people who canplay the piano. But everyone is welcome to visit, as long as they are friendlyand ready to listen.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. What does the speaker do?3. What did the speaker learn from the people at the care center?4. What did one woman tell the speaker about?5. Who are greatly needed in some care centers?Task3Dad was the kindest man I ever met. Ybt I was never able to know him aswell as I wanted to. He never elaborated upon the things close to his heart. Iknow he loved all his children. But because outward signs of affection werenever shown in our family, I was never able to express my love for him.I was with Dad on the night he passed away. I longed to be able to kneel byhis bedside and say, "I love you, Dad." I tried to, but I was embarrassed. Evenat that time I felt he would consider it wrong for me to try to express my feelingsin words.After Dad had passed away, all of the children gathered around Mom. I'dvisit her twice a day and listen to her talk about Dad. At first, listening to thestories was a real chore, but overtime, I started to enjoy them more and more.And then, once, when I had listened to her all afternoon, Mom said, "Now thatI've talked to you, I feel ten years younger." And then she was done. No morestories. When I asked her to tell me another, she said that people shouldn't livetheir lives always thinking about the past People should move on.Unit6 Defending ourselves against disasters一、wanning upThe word from scientists and politicians is to "get ready". Get ready for earthquakes.Get ready for global warming. Get ready for nature, because nature is not your faithful friend.Changing climate patterns and natural disasters bring about real problems and challengesfor every person on this planet. This has always been the case for mankind. However, thesechanges are occurring more rapidly than ever before, and the disasters are becoming moresevere. In order to survive, people must work together to defend themselves. We mustcome up with new ideas for our preservation. We must also develop new technologies, such二、short conversations1W: We were struck by an earthquake last week, storms this week, and reports show atornado is on its way! What did we do to deserve this?M: Deserve has nothing to do with it. It's nature. We've just got to ready ourselves against it.Q: How does the man feel?2W: I'm worried our home won't stand up to an earthquake if one should come.M: Perhaps not. But I built it to withstand a flood, and I think it should do that just fine. After all,floods are our concern in this region, not earthquakes.Q: What was the man thinking about when he built his house?3W: Did you see the news? An earthquake hit Japan today.M: Oh, that's terrible. Just a week ago, there were earthquakes in the US and China. I hopewe can learn to protect ourselves from them.Q: What is the conversation about?4M: Many voters are concerned about the rising costs of fuel.W: I think they,re being a little shortsighted. Rising fuel costs are good for the environmentbecause higher costs force people to consume less resources.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5W: Is it just my imagination, or are the winters not as cold as they used to be?M: I don't think you're imagining it. Many other people are saying the same thing. And someare worried that it's signaling something bad to come.Q: What do some people expect?6M: If anyone knows a better energy source than oil, share your idea with the class.W: I might have an answer. Wind power is renewable, clean, and can be obtained in moreplaces than oil.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7M: You're too young to remember, but in the 1970s there was a terrible energy crisis.W: I've read about it. And if we want to avoid another one, and protect what we have, I thinkwe must learn how to conserve our resources.Q: What has the woman read about?8W: YDu've been standing here all day. What are you doing?M: I'm talking to people about our shrinking forests. It's a very important issue. If forestsaren't protected, we won't have any trees left.Q: What is the man doing?9M: New regulations will require most factories to reduce waste output by 30 to 35 percent.W: Some will only have to cut waste by only two or three percent. But we're going to be hithard by this new law. We're going to get it down by 50 percent.Q: How much will the speakers' factory have to cut waste by?ioW: Can you go upstairs, gather the newspapers in your room, and bring them downstairs,honey? I'm going to make a run to the recycling plantM: Can I do it after school? I'm really in a hurry.Q: Where are the speakers?三、long conversationW: Today we're very lucky to have with us a special guest. So I want you all to say hello toOfficer Mitchell.M: Thank you, Ms. Lewis, fm here to tell you about being safe during an earthquake, lb start,does anybody have any questions? Anybody? Anyone at all? Would anyone like...W: Officer Mitchell, I think the students are a little shy. How about I ask you some questions?M: Sure. That'd be fine.W: What should I do in an earthquake?M: YDU should find a secure location to wait it out, like under a heavy table or desk, or in aninterior hallway where you can brace yourself between two walls. Doorways are thesafest places to stand, thanks to the strong beams overhead. However, watch out forswinging doors. And stay away from windows.W: What if Fm outside?M: In that case, you should get into an open area, away from falling buildings, trees, and otherthings. And if you're in a crowded public area, you should crouch low with your handsprotecting your head and neck.W: That sounds like good advice. But what if Fm driving?M: Then pull over to the side of the road, stop, and wait until the quake has ended.Remember, earthquakes, like so many other things in nature, are dangerous.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. Where is the conversation taking place?3. Where is the best place to stay inside a building during anearthquake?4. Under what circumstance should a person get low and protect his orher head during an earthquake?5. Where should a person stop his or her car during an earthquake?四、passageHow should we feel when told the earth is going to die? Should we feel responsible?Troubled? Upset? I don't think so. I've come to realize that mankind is unable to "kill" theearth. \bs, we can change it. But the earth has been changed before, and has not died yet.For example, during the past 1.65 million years, there have been four major, and manyminor, episodes of global cooling. These episodes resulted in the southward surge of hugefields of glacial ice in both North America and Eurasia. These episodes also caused greatmigrations of animals and plants. And yet, the earth remained.The earth also survived greater changes, ones that caused mass extinctions of animals.During a six-to-eight-million-year time period around 380 million years ago, only 300 speciesgroups were left in existence. And still, the earth remained. It would've survived if only 250 or200 groups had lived, or even 100.So what should we do when we are told that the earth will die? Well, we probablyshouldn't listen. The earth will survive. We, on the other hand, may not. And so, it is in ourbest interest to conserve resources and defend ourselves against natural disasters.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. What caused great migrations of animals and plants?3. How many groups of species were left around 380 million yearsago?4. What should we worry about most?5. What should we defend ourselves against?五、radio programMore than 24 hours after tragedy struck South and Central Asia, the clean-up is alreadyunder way in Islamabad. But this is what actually happened at the same spot, a hundredkilometers away from the epicenter of the 7.6 earthquake, seconds after the earth shook, amassive cloud of dust is all that can be seen of a multi-storey building in Pakistan's capital,Islamabad. But the epicenter was in the Kashmirian Mountains, near here, Muzaffarabad,the capital of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. It's a very mountainous region, remote at thebest of times. Victims were in need in similarly treacherous terrain in the northwesternfrontier province.No one knows how long it will take for rescuers and aid to get to such places. Roadaccess is likely to be limited, if not impossible. Until then, like here in Afghanistan, peopleare using their bare hands to clear debris. Too late for this ten-year-old girl. Pakistan'sPresident, General Pervez Musharraf and his government try to assure the public thateverything is being done to help victims. The earthquake and continuing aftershocks struckin a heavilv militarized reaion. That mav be an advantaae now. There are reoorts ofextraordinary cooperation between the Pakistani and Indian soldiers in disputed Kashmir."In some of the areas, the army was already deployed and they immediately started therescue works and in the other areas, the rescue teams are being flown through thehelicopters."But the need is overwhelming and urgent, unknown numbers of people are sleeping inthe open and they've lost everything.HomeworkTasklW: What's keeping you from joining the environmental movement?M: Ybu're gonna start bothering me about that again? Didn't Mom and Dad tellyou to leave me alone about this talk?W: We're grown people. Mom and Dad can't order me to do anything I don'twant to do.M: Or stop doing something, either, right? But really, I don't want to be botheredwith environmental movements.W: Why not?M: I don't have the time.W: Yau're kidding, right? Ybu played computer games all day yesterday.论uhave time.M: Well, I don't think it's important.W: What? Rising pollution, growing deserts, warming temperatures, shrinkingforests... they aren't important? Hey now, all of these problems are going tolead to the end of human beings on this planet. Not just trouble. But end.Nothing. Zero.M: Stop being boring!\W: I'm not being boring! I'm telling you the facts about the condition of the world!W: I'm not being boring! I'm telling you the facts about the condition of the world!M: OK, OK, OK... Think of it from my perspective. If the world is going to end forpeople, time is even more precious, right?W: Ybah...M: So I don't want to waste my time by joining an environmental movement or bytalking about boring things with you.W: Fm going to tell Mom you said that.M: Mom isn't the boss of me.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What is the relationship between the two speakers?3. How does the woman feel about her parents?4. What did the man do yesterday? ，5. What can be inferred from the conversation? 、Task2Heart-breaking stories of hunger are starting to flow out of the West Africannation of Niger. Though the problem for Niger is great, the broader fact is thatthe country's 2.9 million hungry people are just a fraction of Africa's 31.1 millionpeople without food. Despite progress in boosting democracy, ending wars,and furthering economic growth, Africa is the only region in the world becomingless and less able to feed itself. Reasons include the relentless spread ofdesert, high population growth, bad governance, and the world community'sflawed hunger-response system.Things are moving in the wrong direction. If we look at Africa as a whole,all the projections are that poverty and hunger are going to get worse.In 1970, Africa had 10 million starving children. By 1997 there were 18million. The global trend, meanwhile, moved in the opposite direction: 203million hungry children in 1970 down to 166 million in 1997.Aid is now flowing in. Last Thursday and Friday, 306 tons of beans and oilwere delivered. On Friday, 28 tons of high-energy biscuits were flown in fromItaly. On Saturday, a French aid organization sent 20 tons of milk and food. TheUN now says it will double the number of people it plans to feed, to 2.5 million.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. How many people lack food in Africa today?3. What is one reason for food shortages in Africa?4. What is a trend the speaker mentions?5. What does the UN intend to do?Task3Some parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others. Thisis usually true of mountainous areas, because there the thickness of rocks,which make up the earth's crust, is not even.It is easy to understand why people are so frightened by earthquakes.People used to think that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened,swallowed great numbers of people, and then closed. Those who were killeddisappeared forever, people thought. Now we know this does not happen.What we need to fear most are the after-effects of a serious earthquake:fires, floods, and landslides. But if we're careful, we don't really need to beafraid of the danger. Since the Yfellowstone earthquake, some people have saidthat they would never revisit that area. They said they were afraid of beingcaught in a landslide occurring after the earthquake. This is actually a foolishidea. Such a fear would keep us away from mountains the rest of our lives.Even though earthquakes happen every day, something like the Ybllowstoneearthquake does not happen very often. We can realize gratefully that few of uswill suffer because of such a disaster. At the same time we can understand theneed of being ready to help those who do suffer such trouble.Unit7 Great! Great! Greatness!一、warming upW: I'll take one more question. OK, the gentleman in the blue shirt.M: Thank you very much. You've accomplished a lot, developing new technologies, startingyour own business, and giving money to charity.W: Thanks, but that's not a question.M: No, it's not. I was just getting to that. Could you tell me how you managed to do so much?W: OK. For one thing, I always stay focused on what Fm doing. I don't get distracted easily.M: And another thing?W: I stick to essential values. I think I'd put honesty at the top of my list. Kindness is alsoimportant.M: One more, if you have time.W: I try the impossible. And I recommend this to everyone - listen to what others say. Whenother people say that something is impossible, try it anyway. If you succeed, people willtake notice.二、short conversations1M: What are you doing with two computers on your desk? Ybu can't possibly be using both.W: Sure I can. It's something I learned from reading about Bill Gates. And I've found that I canincrease my productivity like this.Q: Why does the woman use two computers?2W: What? Late again? Vbu know, you'll never become a great person, like Bill Gates, if youdon't learn to be punctual!M: Well, maybe I don't want to be great. In fact, I think I'm OK with the way I am.Q: How does the man feel?3M: When I met Michael Jordan, I could feel his energy. He was so positive and energetic.W: That's what people always say about him. I've tried to duplicate those exact qualities inmy life. And, you know what? I've gotten a better job because of it.Q: What do people always say about Michael Jordan?4M: Some great men, like Martin Luther King, Jr., distinguish themselves by standing up forwhat's right and never giving in.W: \bu're exactly right about great men and about King. He was a real hero.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5M: Martin Luther King, Jr. is often credited for having been a great speaker, but I think he wasalso a great writer. Don't you think so?W: Sure. I've read his book Letters from a Birmingham Jail. It's impressive.Q: Why does the woman mention Letters from a Birmingham Jail?6W: When accepting the Nobel Peace Prize, King said he didn't want to embarrass whitepeople, only to gain freedom for his own people.M: That's very kind. And I think all truly great people have had similar spirits.Q: According to the man, what is common to truly great people?7M: Not all great people are famous - take Jack Kilby as an example.W: Right. Kilby invented the microchip, and received the Nobel Prize. But only a small part ofthe public knows of him. It's very surprising.Q: What is very surprising?8W: What's the greatest invention of the last few hundred years?M: Let's see, the light bulb, the car, the phone? No, I think it's the microchip. Whoeverinvented that changed the world more than anyone else.Q: According to the man, which invention changed the world the most?9M: Ybu've been sitting there at your desk all day. Don't you think you should go outside withthe other students for a while?W: Nah. If I leave this room, even to go home, I might not accomplish my dreams.Q: Where is the conversation taking place?10W: Our daughter is going to be the next Martin Luther King, Jr. Fm sure of it!M: Well, Fm not so sure. But she does spend a lot of time fighting for the rights of others. Andthat's enough to make a parent proud.Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?三、long conversationM: I've been thinking about a hero to model my life upon.W: What's this?M: Well, you see, my teacher asked everyone to write a report on a great person. In thereport, we have to go into what made the person great and how we're going to learn fromthat person.W: I see. Why don't you choose your dad?M: No. Come on, Ma. My subject must be a great person in history, you know, someone likeMartin Luther King, Jr. or Abraham Lincoln.W: Ah. OK, then why not Martin Luther King, Jr.? He shaped the American civil rightsmovement of the 1950s and '60s. In 1963, he organized a march on Washington, D.C.that drew 200,000 people demanding equal rights for minorities. When he won the NobelPeace Prize in 1964, he became the youngest recipient ever. I remember watching himon TV and admiring him then. That was years before I gave birth to you and your sister.M: King would make a good subject. And I can say that I'm going to model myself on him bybeing brave, like he was when he went to prison for his beliefe.1. What did the teacher ask the man to do?2. What is the relationship between the speakers?3. What can be inferred from the conversation?4. When did King organize a march on Washington D.C.?5. Which of King's qualities will the man try to develop in himself?四、passageBill Gates, the head of the software company Microsoft, is one of the world's wealthiestmen. Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in the 1970s, but Allen left the company in1983. Gates oversaw the invention and marketing of the MS-DOS operating system, theWindows operating system, the Internet browser Explorer, and a number of other popularcomputer products. Along the way he gained a reputation for fierce competitiveness andaggressive business methods. During the 1990s rising Microsoft stock prices made Gatesthe world's richest man; his wealth has at times exceeded $75 billion, making Gates apopular symbol of the powerful computer geeks of the late 20th century. In June of 2006,Gates announced that he would quit in the day-to-day involvement in Microsoft by July of2008. He said he would remain chairman of the Microsoft board while focusing on hischaritable foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. When did Paul Allen leave Microsoft?3. What part did Gates play in such products as MS-DOS?4. What made Gates the world's richest man?5. What happened in 2006?五、radio programM1: Back now with The Day to Day. The world's richest man, the founder of Microsoft, plansto gradually step away from his company's everyday operations. The man, of course,Bill Gates. Microsoft's next major goal is to try to go after the online music business.Apple and its popular iPod and iTunes are now the dominant forces there. Joining us totalk about Microsoft's future is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, what aboutMicrosoft's music hooes?M2: Well, overall, Microsoft's had its troubles late with its update for the Windows OperatingSystem, they can't seem to compete with Google and some people say that thecompany has taken its eye off the ball in part because of Bill Gates' success. He's asuperstar in the business world, like you said, the richest man; he does lots of work forcharities, which could mean that he hasn't had the focus to keep the company on thecutting edge of technologies. Industry analyst, Rob Anderly, says Microsoft's musicservice could benefit from Gates' leaving.M3: It's one of those efforts that has been under-funded till now. Er, they just haven't put theemphasis behind it that they needed to compete with a marketing and designpowerhouse that Apple represents. That's been very disappointing to Microsoft partnersand this is one of the things they may actually get fixed by Bill's departure that may in factnow get the funding and focus it needs to really run againstApple and run against Applehard.HomeworkTasklW: What is history?M: Can I answer?W: Well, sure. I didn't expect anyone in the class to have an answer. But, OK,what do you think?M: History is the biography of great men.W: Do you know who said that?M: Ybah. Thomas Carlyle in the 18th century.W: 19th century.M: Oh, yeah. That's right. And if we look at history we can see his point. In the20th century, history was people like Bill Gates. In the 16th and 17thcenturies it was Shakespeare. These men defined their eras and theirstories are what history is all about.W: That's a very good answer. But, you should also know that Carlyle's ideasabout history are no longer in fashion. Historians take a different approachto history nowadays.M: Really? How do they do that?W: They think of history as the development of larger societies.iM: Not of individuals?W: Partly of individuals, but mostly of groups. What tools are people using?What thoughts do people have? These are questions that historianstypically have today.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?3. When did Thomas Carlyle live?4. What was Carlyle's idea?)5. How does the approach of today's historians differ from that of Carlyle?Task2Change is a word that can bring either fear or excitement. It is humannature to oppose change because it requires us to cross into the unknown. Asa result, most people fight harder to keep from losing something they arefamiliar with than in seeking potential benefits from something new.The workplace now is not just changing, but it is changing at an even fasterpace, "technology is the thrust behind the appearance of the new economy. It isopening up new opportunities for business to operate more efficiently andcompetitively.Workers of all backgrounds should pay attention to the changes takingplace throughout the economy. Communication skills, leadership abilities andan ability to work within a team will decide a person's value and ability tosucceed in the new economy. People will be called upon to take ownership oftheir work. This requires new and mature thinking on the part of employees.The sooner we embrace the changing economy, the bigger the jump wecan make.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. What does human nature encourage?3. What is a feature of present-day business that was absent in the past?4. What will help decide a person's value at the workplace?5. What will a person need to take ownership of their work?Task3Change - or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment - isessential to development and progress. The farmer whose land is required forhousing or industry must adapt himself. He can move to another place. Or, hecan change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training. Another option ishe can starve to death. However, the first two options are preferable.However, many farmers do starve when faced with these three options.And we can blame tradition. Because of tradition, they do not move or take upnew occupations. Tradition ties them to their old land. And tradition keeps themat their old job.For farmers, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. Tradition can givepeople a sense of pride and personal meaning. But if we admire tradition morethan we should, it becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change andprogress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly stopourselves from moving forward and invite failure. The best course is to acceptthe help which tradition can bring. We must also be aware of tradition'slimitations in a changing world.Unit 8 Troubling over genetic doubling一、warming upI sat back as scientists discussed the possibilities of cloning. Then I listened impassivelyas scientists actually cloned animals. When Dolly, the first cloned mammal was born, I didnothing other than witness the scene unfold. With this, human cloning became more than apossibility. It became a likelihood. And scientists began taking further steps in that direction,even collecting and experimenting with human eggs.Now, on the eve of this monumental step in science, I cannot be passive anymore.Scientists should not, must not, continue down this road! The implications and results ofcloning people are just too terrible! Experimenting with human beings will involve great painto the subjects. In addition to this, cloning will reduce the unique quality of human life. Thatis, when science can manufacture people, human life becomes a product, not the miracle asit is today.二、short conversationsM: I was thinking that if there's an advancement in cloning, I'd be able to clone mygrandmother. She passed away recently and I really miss her.W: I don't think I like the sound of that. Once a person dies, we should not mess around with1 his or her DNA.Q: What is the woman talking about?2W: I don't get it about cloning. I mean, why would anyone want to clone a human being?M: I think I'd want to do it for my children if they were to die. And I'm guessing that lots of otherparents feel the same way.Q: According to the man, how do many parents feel?3M: Imagine a world of perfect people. That's what's possible with cloning.W: Ybu've got to be kidding!Q: What can be learned from the conversation?4M: I read a book about a man who was replaced by his clone. It was really frightening, and itmade me think twice about cloning.W: Stories like the one you read are just science fiction. Such things wouldn't happen.Q: What does the woman think?5M: Legislators are going to meet with scientists before voting on cloning.W: Well, I think there's little need for that. Politicians should listen to the public instead ofscientists in this matter.Q: According to the woman, what should affect decisions on cloning?6W: I heard Dolly, the cloned sheep, died an early death after picking up a disease.M: Yeah. She got sick because she was aging faster than normal. Scientists finally had to puther to sleep. It was sad really. Now, I don't know what'll happen with cloning.Q: Why did the scientists have to put Dolly to sleep?7M: Cloning might be an option for us when having a child. What do you think?W: Sorry. That doesn't work for me at all. I wouldn't want to handle the process. I've alreadytalked to a doctor about this and it sounds like it would be too much trouble.Q: Why does the woman refuse to choose cloning?8W: I'd like to use cloning to make a perfect child - one who's smart, athletic, and so on.M: Impossible! Intelligence and athleticism depend more on one's upbringing than one'sgenes. Cloning can't make perfect people.Q: What does the man think?9M: What are you telling me? I'm a clone? What about my sisters? Are they clones too?W: No, just you. I'm sorry, but neither your dad nor I thought about how you'd feel then.Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?ioW: Glad to see you at home. Did you go to the clinic today and ask the doctor about cloning?M: Yeah. But we didn't do much more than make an appointment to talk again in his office atthe hospital.Q: Where does the conversation take place?三、long conversationM: Have you finished the draft I ordered?W: You mean the document that will spell out our position on human cloning? Can you waitanother day or two for it? I'm still having problems determining what our position shouldbe.M: I'm afraid this can't wait. We need to get our position out immediately to doctors andpotential parents who need some sort of authoritative advice.W: Maybe it'd help if we talked this out together.M: Fine. What questions do you have?W: Td like to know what you feel about this issue personally. As the head of this committee,you should have the greatest say in our stance.M: Fine. I feel that cloning is completely ethical and should be advanced as a top priority ofmedicine.W: Why?M: Fm extremely concerned about parents who are unable to have children naturally. Cloningwould allow these parents to have children even if they were infertile.W: Anything else?M: That's it for now. Write this up quickly and have it on my desk before you leave for the day.1. What are the speakers talking about?2. What is the relationship between the two speakers?3. Why must a position be decided upon right away?4. How does the woman feel about the man?5. How does the man feel about infertile couples?四、passageDolly, the cloned sheep, was the biggest news story of 1996. Since then rodents, cattle,pigs, and other animals have, like Dolly, also been cloned from adult animals. Despite thesesuccesses, producing cloned mammals is enormously difficult, with most attempts ending infailure. Cloning succeeds four percent of the time in species that have already beensuccessfully cloned. In addition, some studies have indicated that cloned animals are lesshealthy than normally reproduced animals.In 2001, researchers in Massachusetts announced that they were trying to clone humansin an attempt to extract stem cells. The National Academy of Sciences, while announcingsupport for such so-called therapeutic or research cloning in 2001, announced they opposedthe cloning of humans for reproductive purposes in 2002. They said it was unsafe.Ethicists, religious and political leaders, and others have called for a ban on humancloning for any purpose. They were especially worried when South Korean scientistsannounced in 2004 that they had cloned 30 human embryos. However, an investigation in2005 determined that the data had been fabricated.1. According to the passage, which of the following has NOT beencloned?2. How do cloned animals compare with normally reproduced animals?3. When did Massachusetts researchers say they were trying to clonepeople?4. How do people of the National Academy of Sciences feel aboutcloning?5. What was discovered about the announcement made by SouthKorean scientists?五、radio programM1: Believe it or not, identical twins are only a little more alike than the rest of us. That'sbecause all human beings are 99.9% the same, that is genetically. Thomas Turi, directorof genetic technologies for Pfizer is here to explain a little bit more. Good morning.M2: Good morning.M1: So how much the same are you and I?M2: Ybu and I and everyone else are 99.9% identical.M1: Right, and the twins that we are looking at out, especially the guys with the funny hats on,how identical, how... how much the same are they?M2: Well, depends on whether they are maternal twins or fraternal twins. Maternal twins are100% identical.M1: These guys?M2: These guys, 100% identical. Er, that's because after the egg has been fertilized, it splitsand divides, so they actually share the same genetic material for, for very eariy stages.M1: As a researcher, what kind of information does that tell you, what is the, well, how is thathelpful to you?M2: So twin studies are actually very helpful in terms of trying to help identify and localizegenes that cause disease. (Right) Many diseases, not all diseases have a geneticcomponent. (Right) And some diseases have a genetic component as well as anenvironmental component.M1: Sure, sure, sure.HomeworkTasklW: Hello, nice to meet you, Dr. Griffin. I'm Nancy Wang with the China Daily.Thank you for allowing me to come here to your research laboratory. Canyou tell our readers what you do here?M: Well, this is where we conduct studies on cloning experiments. I'm glad youcould come to see our facilities. And it's very nice to meet you, Miss Wang.Fve been to China twice.W: Really? When?M: I visited China first in 1995 and then in 2000. I believe everyone who hasbeen to China must be impressed with how dramatically the country haschanged.W: Thank you, Dr. Griffin. I heard it was your institute that first cloned an adultmammal - Dolly the sheep. Vbur institute did that in July 1996, right?M: That's right. Ever since it was born, Dolly has been the center of attention. Itsappearance marked the beginning of an era.W: It's reported that Dolly gave birth to a lamb in April 1999. How are Dolly andthe little lamb doing?M: The lamb is called Bonnie. They,re both doing well. This proves that Dolly, ai cloned animal, is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.W: I wish you further success, Dr. Griffin.M: Thank you, Miss Wang.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. Where is the conversation taking place?2. What can we infer from the conversation?3. When was Bonnie born?4. What was proven by Dr. Griffin's experiments?5. What is this conversation about?Task2Human cloning is unsafe. The process that led to Dolly began with thetransfer of the nucleus of an adult cell to an unfertilized egg by a process knownas cell fusion. The "reconstructed" embryo was cultured and eventuallyimplanted into female sheep and brought to term.From more than 430 attempted 而sions, 277 reconstructed embryos weremade in this way; of these, only 29 survived to the stage that they could beimplanted into female sheep, and only one survived to term. Just think of thehuge waste of material and human suffering such a low success rate wouldimply.And we believe that as we get older, our cellular DNA suffers changes,which account for why we are increasingly likely to develop cancer as we getolder. A person cloned from an adult cell might have a higher risk of cancerbecause of premature aging, but we wouldn't know that for years. Is our societyprepared to take that risk?So human cloning should continue to be considered unethical.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What is the speaker talking about?2. How many reconstructed embryos were created through cell fusion in theDolly experiment?3. According to the speaker, why are we more likely to have cancer as we age?4. According to the speaker, what kind of problem may clones suffer?5. What can be inferred from the passage about human clones?Task3Headless human clones will be used to grow organs and tissues fortransplant surgery in the next five to ten years. This was said by a leadingauthority on the ethics of human cloning.Dr. Patrick Dixon, author of Genetic Revolution, gained fame byforecasting the cloning of animals. Now, he is making this new prediction afternewspapers reported that British scientists had created a frog embryo without thead.Scientists believed the technique used to create the headless frogs couldbe adapted to grow human organs. These organs could include hearts andlivers in an artificial womb.Dixon called for an urgent global biotechnology summit to examine everyaspect of genetics, and provided the foundations for international agreements.International inconsistencies on various aspects of genetic engineering,including human cloning, urgently needed to be removed, he said."Genetic engineering is a very exciting and important technology," Dixontold reporters. "It has the power to feed the world and cure disease but youhave to ask fundamental questions before it is too late.""The headless frog embryo is another example of the way the technologyis racing far ahead of public understanding," he said. It's hard to say what willhappen next.。