《Langueandparole语言和言语的区别于联系》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Langueandparole语言和言语的区别于联系（18页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、The Influences of Langue and Parole on LinguisticsYan Xudong2021/3/101讲解：XXLangue and ParoleThe ProposalDefinitionThe InfluencesConclusion2021/3/102讲解：XXProposal“Langue” and “parole” are put forward by Saussure who actually started a revolution in Linguistics. Before Saussure, although Linguistics h
2、ad been long-term studied by many scholars, it was still in traditional way and almost had no advance; Linguistics had been in a disorder. Saussure lived in the period that Historical Comparative Linguistics was in its heat. But he did not follow the herd. At that time, he sensitively pointed out th
3、e weakness of Linguistics in his Course in General Linguistics (普通语言学教程）that the subject of Linguistics is something curious and without any relationship. In order to explain what is the subject of Linguistics, Saussure put forward the concept “langue” and “parole”.2021/3/103讲解：XXDefinitionlangue re
4、fers to the abstract system of rules and conventions of a signifying system-it is independent of, and pre-exists, individual users. Parole refers to concrete instances of its use. - Encyclopedia of Linguistics2021/3/104讲解：XXInfluencesInfluencesLinguistics as anIndependentscienceFuture linguistic sch
5、oolsConnection of Linguistics andphilosophyFLT2021/3/105讲解：XXThe influence on linguistics as an independent scienceThe distinction of the two terms started a new leaf in Linguistics. The subject of Linguistics study became more clear. The situation that speech acts being as the study subject of Ling
6、uistics was changed. Saussure believed that speech is personal random that Linguistics can not perfectly deal with. He insisted that scientific Linguistics should study the stable language not the speech. Linguists are always faced with indefinite speech acts. In order to study this facts systematic
7、ally, linguists must abstract a language system to justify those facts. The distinction of langue and parole helps linguists to determine the study field and find the general rules behind the mass language phenomenon. From this point of view, the distinction of langue and parole makes Linguistics mo
8、re scientific, and improves the disordered linguistics study before. It helps to generalize language systems from concrete speeches, so it brings convenience to language study. Thus Linguistics has become an independent science since the distinction.2021/3/106讲解：XXThe influence on linguistics as an
9、independent science将语言和言语区分开来至少有两方面的意义 一、有助于语言科学的精密化，有助于从具体个别的言语中概括出一般的语言体系 二、可以带来研究和论述上的方便 -潘庆云只有再言语体系中区分了语言和言语，才有可能建立真正的语言学理论，语言学才能成为一门独立的科学 -裴文2021/3/107讲解：XXThe influence on future linguistic schools The Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics which is started by Saussu
10、res idea of synchrony and diachrony.Chomskys proposal of linguistic competence and performance are influenced by Saussures langue and parole. 2021/3/108讲解：XXThe influence on future linguistic schoolsThe influence on Chomskys theory (1) The distinction of competence and performance Competence refers
11、to the ideal users knowledge of the language: that is the abilities all native speakers have of being able to understand and produce sentences. Performance refers to the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence and performance are quite similar with Saussures lang
12、ue and parole. They differ in different perspectives of studying languages. Saussure took a social linguistically view of language. Language is a matter of social conventions. Chomsky looked at language from a psychological point of view, and competence is a property of the mind of each individual.2
13、021/3/109讲解：XXThe influence on future linguistic schoolsThe influence on Chomskys theory (2)Chomskys innateness hypotheses and LAD theory They two are certain getting the thoughts from Saussure langue and parole. Chomsky believes that children are born with a language acquisition device and with kno
14、wledge of this basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. He named it universal grammar. Langue, as the abstract system of rules, actually exists in peoples mind since they were born, which can be explained in an alternative view in Chomskys term the LAD.2021/3/1010
15、讲解：XXThe influence on the closely connection of Linguistics and PhilosophySaussures proposal of langue and parole connected Linguistics with philosophy. Modern western philosophy study involves the metaphysics. The cause of metaphysics in philosophy is believed not the philosophy itself but the lang
16、uage problem. Because of the ill expression of philosophy language, the philosophy problems are in a mass. The problem should be solved through the explanation of language. The distinction of langue and parole stimulate the production of linguistic philosophy. Linguistics has gradually become an int
17、erdisciplinary subject.2021/3/1011讲解：XXThe influences on the FLTFLT is the short form of the foreign language teaching. The distinction of langue and parole gives foreign language teachers some inspiration on second language teaching. In classroom teaching both the “langue” and “parole” should be ta
18、ught to students. On the one hand, foreign language teaching must teach students “language” that is: phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and meaning. The abstract systems of rules which is correspondence to Saussures langue must be known to students. On the other hand, langue exists in the concrete “paro
19、le”, in order to study a language well; the utterance must be often practiced. That is to speak more. 2021/3/1012讲解：XXThe influences on the FLTThe western culture study and the situation-based teaching method got the theory from Saussures distinction of langue and parole, which helps to continually
20、improve the FLTM (foreign language teaching methodology)Take the communicative approach as an example, the learning theories are: 1、follow the natural acquisition2、language is best learned through use in social context; 3、learning is a process of meaning negotiation. 2021/3/1013讲解：XXThe influences o
21、n the FLTThe communicative approach In terms of the three theories, it is clear that Saussures langue and parole are through them. The emphasis on the natural acquisition refers to the importance of the langue which is to learn the abstract linguistic system. The use of social context has some relat
22、ionship on parole which is the realization of language in actual use. 2021/3/1014讲解：XXThe influences on the FLTTeaching syllabus The teaching syllabus will be well arranged according to the distinction of langue and parole. Thus the teacher will separate as well as relate the theory and the practice
23、 at the right time to achieve the best goal to teach students. It makes the second langue teaching more scientific and systematic.2021/3/1015讲解：XXConclusionThe distinction of langue and parole has contributed a lot on the further linguistics study. The influences on linguistics, on the development of linguistics schools, on the philosophy linguistics and on FLTM are huge and obvious. Of course, the influences are not only limited on these subjects. It still needs further exploration in the long run.2021/3/1016讲解：XXThank you!Bye2021/3/1017讲解：XX感谢您的阅读收藏，谢谢！2021/3/1018
