2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)

上传人:博****1 文档编号:577008980 上传时间:2024-08-21 格式:PDF 页数:170 大小:16.16MB
返回 下载 相关 举报
2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)_第1页
第1页 / 共170页
2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)_第2页
第2页 / 共170页
2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)_第3页
第3页 / 共170页
2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)_第4页
第4页 / 共170页
2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)_第5页
第5页 / 共170页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一(代词)(170页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、文安联衡中学初三专项复习一( 代 词 )代词的分类及专项提能选择题一、代词的分类:代词可分为十类. :- ) 、人称代词 ) 、物主代词三 ) 、反身代词四 ) 、相互代词五 ) 、指示代词六 ) 、疑问代词七 ) 、关系代词八 ) 、不定代词九 ) 、连接代词十 ) 、替代词二 . 例 词 : ) 人称代词:主 格 :I我you你he他she她they他们we我们宾 格 :me我you你him他her她them他 们us我们二 ) 物主代词:my我 的his他 的your你的(your你 们 的)their他 们 的her她的三)指示代词:this这that那these这 些those那些四

2、)反身代词:myself我 自 己himself他 自 己themselves他 们 自 己yourself你( 们) 自己herself她自己五)疑问代词:who谁what什 么which哪个六 不 定 代 词 :some 一些many许 多both两个 两 个 都any许多七)关系代词:which.的 物who.的 人that.的人或 物who谁that引导定语从句八)相互代词:each other互 相one another互相九 ) 连 接 代 词 :who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever十)替 代 词

3、 :one (单 数),ones ( 复 数)三 , 用法详解-) 人称代词:人称代词是表示 我 、 你 、 他 、 她 、 它 、 我们 、 你们 、 他们 的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化, 见下表:如 :He is my frie n d .他是我的朋友。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称1meweU S第二人称you他hehim她theythemsheher它it不定oneonesIts m e .是我。人称代词可用作主语, 表 语 , 宾语以及介词宾语。I am a worker,! work in the factory.我 是 一 个 工 人 , 我在工厂

4、工 作 。Y ou are a good teacher.你 是 一 位 优 秀 教 师 。She is a little girl.她 是 一b小 女 孩 。Its a heavy box,I cant carry让. 这是一个重盒子,我搬不动。Its me. Open the door quickly.是 我 , 快 开 门 。Dont tell him about it.不 要 告 诉 他 这 件 事 情 。She is always ready to help us.她 随 时 都 在 准 备 帮 助 我 们 。Our teacher is very strict with us.我

5、们的老师对我们很严格。人 称 代 词 中 几 个 注 意 的 情 况 :1 . 第 一 人 称 单 数 代 词 I (我 ) 不 论 在 什 么 地 方 都 要 大 写 。I study English every day.我 天 天 学 习 英 语 。 we 常常代替 I表 示 一 种 同 读 者,听众或观众之间的亲密 关 系 。We shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。2 . she 常 常 代 替 国 家,城 市,宠 物 等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的 感 情 。I live in Chinao She is a great count

6、ry.我住在中国. 她是一个伟大的国家。3 . i t 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。Its me. Open the door,please.是 我 , 请开门。 they有时代替一般人.They say you are good at computer,他们说你精通计算机。4 . 人称代词做主语用 主 格 , 做宾语、表语用 宾 格 , 但应注意以下情况:在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如 :He is taller than me,但在下列句子中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=l like bot

7、h Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=l like Jack and she likeshim,too.5 . 两个以上的人称代词并列, 其次序排列原则:1 ) 、在并列主语中,T总是放在最后, 排列顺序为: 二三一( 人 称 )。宾 格me也一样。Y ou,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.2 )、第三人称, 男女两性并用, 男先女后。He and she stilldont agree to the plan.6 )

8、. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语 补 语 , 例 如 :John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿, 最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed itwas she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽, 还真是她。说 明 : 在复合句中, 如果主句和从句主语 相 同 , 代词主语要用在从句中, 名词主语用在主句中, 例 如 :When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。7 ) . 人称代词的

9、宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语, 但在口语中也能作主语 补 语 , 第一人称在省略句中, 还可以作主语, 例 如 :I saw her with them,at least.l thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起, 至少我认为是她。 (her做 宾 语 ,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)A: - Who broke the va se ?- - 谁打碎了 花 瓶?B: - M e .- - 我。(me 做主语补语=Its me.)8)说 明 : 在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用 宾 格 , 在正式文体中这里应为she和Io主宾替换(1 )宾

10、格代替主格在简短对话中, 当人称代词单独使用或在n o t后 , 多用宾语。- -1 like English,- - 我喜欢英语。- -Me to o .- - 我也喜欢。- -Have more w in e ?- - 再来点酒喝吗?- -Not m e .- - 我可不要了。在表示比较的非正式的文体中, 常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留, 则主语只能用主格。He is taller than l/me.He is taller than I am.( 2 )主格代替宾格 . 在介词but , except后 , 有时可用主格代替宾格。. 在电话用语中常用主格。-1 wish t

11、o speak to Mary.-我想和玛丽通话。- - This is s h e .- - 我就是玛丽。注 意 : 在动词b e或to b e后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was s h e .我以为是她。 ( 主格- - - - - - 主 格 )I thought it to be h e r . (宾格- - - - - - 宾 格)I was taken to be s h e .我被当成了她。 ( 主格- - - - - - - 主格 )They took me to be h e r.他们把我当成了她。 ( 宾格一- - - - 宾 格 )二)

12、 物主代词:1 )、概 念 : 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mine yourshersoursyourstheirs我你的他她它我们你们他们的的的的的的的2 )、物主代词的用法:(1 )、形容词性物主代词可用作定语, 例 如 :I love my country.我热爱我的国家。Is this your car?这是你的汽车吗?(2 ) 、 名词性的物主代词可用作主语, 宾 语 , 表语以及与of连接的定语。That car is mine,n

13、ot yours.那辆汽车是我的, 不是你的。These books are ours.这些书是我们的。Whose bag is it? Its hers.这是谁的书包?是她的。Y esterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。三) 反身代词:1)、概 念 : 表示我自己, 你 自 己,他 自 己 , 我们自己, 你们自 己 , 他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一, 二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-s e lf( 复 数 加-selves )2 )、 构 成 : 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-sel

14、f( 复 数 加- selves )构成。第一人称第二人称第三人称 第三人称 第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselves yourselvesthemselves3 )、反身代词的用法:( 1)反身代词可用作宾语, 表 语 , 主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调“ 本 人 ,自己 。I am teaching myself computer.我自学计算机。Take good care of yourselfW巴自己照顾好。The child himself drew this picture.孩子自己画的这张画。Y ou

15、 should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。四) 相互代词:概 念 : 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词, 有each other和one another 两组。如: They love each o th e r,他们彼此相爱。I have two brother,one is a teacher ,the other is a doctor.我有两个哥哥, 一位是教师, 另一位是医生。五) 指示代词:1)、概 念 : 表示这个, 那 个 , 这 些 , 那些以及it,such,same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语, 宾 语 , 表

16、语 , 定语。That is a red car.那是一辆红色汽车。What do you like? I like this.你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。I should say I know that.我应该说我知道这件事情。2)、用 法 :(1 ) 、th is和these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。This is a book.这是一本书。These are cars.这些是汽车。I am busy these days.我这些日子很忙。that和those表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。That is not a room.那不是一间房间。Those are trees.那些是

17、树。(2 ), that和those还可以指前文中的事物,this和these指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。I got up late,thats why I missed the bus.我起床迟了 , 这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。(3 ) 、指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样, 都具有指定的含义。(4 )、指示代词分单数(this/ that)和复数(these/ those )两种形式, 既可作限定词又可做代词, 例 如 :限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代 词 : This is Mary. Those

18、are my teachers.六)疑问代词:1)、概 念 : 表示“ 谁 (who ), 谁(whom ), 谁 的 (whose ) ,什 么 (what) ,哪个或哪些(which ) ” 等词叫疑问代词。2 )、用 法 :(1 )、疑问代词都可用作连接代词, 引导名词性从句( 主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如 :Tell me who he i s ,告诉我他是谁。( 2 )、疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中, 疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面, 在句中可用作主语, 宾 语 , 表 语 , 定语。Who is here just now?冈 | 才谁在这儿?Whom are you looking

19、 for?你在找谁?Whose exercise-book is this?这是谁的练习本?What is this?这是什么?Which one do you like,this one or that one?你喜欢哪一个,这个还是那个?(3、 ) 疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句, 也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语, 宾 语 , 表语等成分。What we should do is still unknown.我们该干什么仍然还不知道。I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。七) 、关系代词:概 念 : 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。

20、关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which,as,可用作引导从句的关联词, 它们在句中可用作主语, 表 语 , 宾 语 , 定 语 . 在 主 句 中 , 它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词( 通称为先行词) 。This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。八) 不定代词:1)、概 念 : 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词, 常用不定代词如下:all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one

21、,other,some 以及由 some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。2 )、用 法 :不定代词代替名词或形容词. 在句中可用作主语, 宾 语 , 表语和定语。Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。I know nothing about it.这件事情我一点都不知道。Thats all I know.这就是我知道的。I go to school every day.我每天去学校上学。3 )、常见的不定代词有all , both , each , every等 , 以及含有 some- ,

22、any- ,no-等的合成代词, 如 anybody , something ,nooneo这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和 由some , any , no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、 宾语或表语;every和n。只能作定语。如 :一 Do you have a c a r?- - 你有一辆小汽车吗? Y es , I have o n e .- - 是 的 , 我有一辆。-1 dont know any of th e m ,他 们 , 我一b也不认识。(1 ) x any : 一 些 , 任何。an y多用作否定或疑问句中,any

23、在句中作主语, 宾 语 , 定语。any作定语时,所修饰的名词没有单复数限制,一般多用复数,any用在肯定句中, 表示任何。Do you have any books?你有书吗?Y ou can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。(2 )、some : 一 些 , 某 些 , 某个。some多用在肯定句中,表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some arewhite,which I like very much.花园里有许多花, 一些是白色的, 我特别喜欢。I am going to g

24、et some ink.我去弄点墨水。Will you have some coffee,please?喝点咖啡吗?(3 X no : 无. 在句中作定语. 表示否定,语 气 要 比not any强.She knows no English,她根本就不懂英语。I have no bike.我没有自行车。(4 )、None既可以指人也可以指物, 其后通常接o f短 语 ,用作主语时, 若指不可数名词, 谓语只能用单数, 若指复数名词时 , 则谓语可用单数( 较 正 式 ) , 也可以用复数( 非正式语体)如 :None of the milk can be used.None of the fi

25、lms is/are worth seeing.(5 )、many : 许多. 在句中作主语, 宾 语 , 定语.many在句中代替可数名词。Many of the students like English very much.许多学生3E常喜欢英语。I have many books to give you.我有许多书要给你。(6 )、much : 许多。在句中作主语, 宾 语,定语。much在句中代替不可数名词。There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。(7 )、a few,a little,few,little.:几 个 , 一 点 儿

26、 , 没 几 个 , 没多少。它们在句中作主语,宾 语,定 语,其 中a fe w和few代替可数名词,a little和little代替不可数名词, 它们表示少量,不 多 , 几 个 , 只是主观上的一种相对说法, 并没有具体的数量标准。Few of the books are cheap now.现在没几本儿书是便宜的。A few friends came to see me yesterday.昨天有几个朋友来看我。I have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。There is little water in the thermos.暖

27、水瓶没多少水了。九) 、连接代词:1)、概 念 : 连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom,what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等 , 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定 语 等 , 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句, 如 :I dont know who he is ,我不知道他是谁。What he says sounds reasonable.他说的话听起来有道理。The question is who(m) we should trust.问题是我们该信任谁。Ill take whoever

28、wants to g o .谁想去我就带谁去。Take whichever seat you like.你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个。I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想至! 什么就说什么。【 注】who, whom, whoever等不用于名词前作定语。2 )、what的两种不同用法,请看以下两个句子:I didnt know what he wanted,我不知道他想要什么。I gave her what she wanted.我给了 她想要的一切。上面第一句中的what表示“ 什么” , 带有疑问的意味; 第二句 中 的what表示“

29、所的一切事或东西”, 其意义上大致相当于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, allthat, as much as 等 , 又 如 :What =That which you say is quite true.你说的完全是事实。He saves what = all that he earns,他赚多少, 积蓄多少。Call it what = anything that you please,你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这 样 用 的what有时还可后接一个名词:He gave mewhat money =

30、 all the money that he had about him .他把身上带的钱全给了我。What friends =AII the friends that he has are very poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。3 )、关于whatever, whoever与whichever它们可引导主语从句和宾语从句,如 :He does whatever she asks him to d o .她要他做什么, 他就做什么。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it,谁想要这票, 我就把它给谁。Whichever team gains the m

31、ost points wins.哪个队得分最多 , 哪个队就赢。【 注】 其 中 的ever主要用于加强语气, 含有“ 一切” 、 “ 任何” 、“ 无论” 之义。使用这类词时, 注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构。如 : 任何人( 谁) 先来都可以得到一张票。误: Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes firstcan get a ticket正: Anyone who comes first can get a ticket. / Whoevercomes first can get a ticket.十) 、替代词:1)、概 念 :

32、 为避免重复, 在一个句子中常用替代词替代前面已经提到过的事物。2 )、具体用法:(1 ) 、that用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数或者不可数名词 , 表示特指, 表示“ 一件事物”The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signalthan that on the small ones.主要街道上的绿色交通信号比小的道路上的时间更长。(2 )、one用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数, 表示泛指,表示“ 同类事物中的一个”Have you got a camera? No. Y ou should buy one. ( one指的是世

33、界上任何一个照相机) .“ 你有照相机吗? ” “ 没有。” “ 你应该买一架。”This camera is great, I want to buy it.( it 指的就是说话者现在看到的这一个照相机)这个照相机很棒, 我想买它。(3 ) 、ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表示泛指,表示“ 同类事物中的一些”Cancer cells are so radically different from normal onesthat its almost impossible to untangle the sequence of eventsthat made them that

34、way.( ones 指的是 cells)癌症细胞和正常细胞差异极大, 要理清造成这种差异的事件的先后顺序几乎是不可能的。While working on the new interface, Jobs would sometimessuggest what at first seemed tobe crazy ideas, but later turned out to be good ones.( ones指的是ideas)在开发新界面的过程中, 乔布斯常常会提出一些初看起来疯狂但之后成为好设计的意见。(4 )、the ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表示特 指 , 表示“ 这些

35、人或这些事物”The people who break or manipulate the rules are the oneswho really become successful.打破或操纵规则的人才是真正会成功的人。6 reasons why your photos dont look like the ones inmagazines.为什么你的照片看起来不像杂志上那么好看的6个原因。(5 ), those用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表示特指,相当于the onesMr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils exceptthose

36、/the ones who had already had them.张先生把这些教科书给了所有的学生, 除了那些已经有书的学生。The products in Tanghuaseng are as good as those/theones in Central World.陈和盛的商品和中央世界的商品一样好。Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items aresimilar to those of McDonalds.通过研究温迪的菜单, 我发现它家许多的东西都与麦当劳的相似。( 6 )、the ones和those的区别主要是:

37、 、the ones : 前面可以用形容词修饰, 也可以用后置定语修饰。例 :the good ones (正 确 )the ones which are good (正 确 ) 、those :前面不可以用形容词修饰, 只能用后置定语修饰。例: good those (错 误)those which are good (正 确 )【 特别提示】1、不定代词 somebody,anybody , everybody , nobody ,anyone , someone .everyone ,no one ,及 whoever 和 person在正式场合使用时, 可 用he,his,him代替。

38、Nobody came,did h e ?谁 也 没 来,是吗?2、 动物名词的指代一般用it或they代 替 , 有时也用he,she ,带有亲切的感情色彩。Give the cat some food. It is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。它饿了。=Give the cat some food.She is hungry3、指代车或国家, 船舶的名词, 含感情色彩时常用sheoThe Natural Day is our mothers birthday , I think she isvery happy !4、单数人称代词并列作主语时, 其顺序为:第 二 人 称 一 第三人称一第

39、一人称you he/she ; it IY ou,he and I should return on time.5 )复数人称代词作主语时, 其顺序为:第 一 人 称 一 第 二 人 称 一 第三人称we you They注 意 : 在下列情况中, 第一人称放在前面。(1 )、在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。( 2 )、 在长辈对晚辈, 长官对下属说话时, 如长官为第一人 称 , 如 :I and you try to finish it.( 3 )、当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。物主代词6 )物

40、主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用, 例 如 :John had cut his finger; apparently there was a brokenglass on his desk.约翰割破了手指, 显 而 易 见 , 他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。7 ) 、 物主代词有形容词性(my,your等闲名词性(mine,yours等 ) 两 种 , 形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的- s属格结构, 例如:Jacks cap (形容词性物主代词)意为 The cap is Jacks.( 名词性物主代词)His cap( 形容词性物主代词) 意为 Th

41、e cap is his.( 名词性物主代词)8)、 名词性物主代词的句法功能( 1 ) , 作 主 语 , 例 如 :May I use your pen? Y ours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。(2 )、 作 宾 语 , 例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。(3 )、 作介词宾语,例 如 :Y our should interpret what I said in my sense of theword,not in yours.你应当按我所用的词

42、义去解释我说的话, 而不能按你自己的意义去解释。(4 )、 作主语补语, 例 如 :The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yo u rs.我的生命属于 你 , 属 于 你 , 属于你。( 5 )、物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every.such,another,which等词一起前置, 修饰一 1k名 词 , 而必须用双重所有格。公 式 为 :a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine.each broth

43、er of his.4. 疑问代词1 )疑问代词在句中起名词画组的作用, 用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:指 人 :who,whom,whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which2)疑问代词在句中应位于渭语动词 之 前 , 没有性和数的变化 , 除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试 比 较 :疑问 代 词 :Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?限

44、定词: Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi Riverbecoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?说 明1 :无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which和what所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的, 而which则指在一定的范围内,例 如 :Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘?What girls do you like

45、 best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘?说明2 :Whom是who的 宾 格 , 在书面语中, 它作动词宾语或介词宾语在口语中作宾语时,可用who代 替 ,但在介词后只能用whom ,例 如 :Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁? ( 作动词宾语)Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁? ( 作介词宾语, 置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了 ?( 作介词宾语, 置介 词 后 , 不能用who取代。 )说 明3 :疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,

46、 过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首, 现代英语中, 疑问代词在句首, 介词在句末。例 如 :For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么? (旧文体)What are you looking for?你在找什么?( 现代英语)说明4 :疑问代词还可引导名词性 从 句 , 例 如 :I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?Much of

47、what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all theway with you.你说的我大部分同意, 但并不完全赞同。5. 反身代词反身代词指主语与宾语为同一人或物, 或表示一个动作回到该动作执行者身上时, 要用反身代词( 否则就不能用反身代词),反身代词也可以放在名词或代词( 主 格 ) 后面( 也可以放在句尾)起强调作用。1 )列表myself yourself herself himself itself oneselfourselves yourselves themselves oneselves2 )做宾语(1)、 有些动词需有反身代词a

48、bsent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得 很 开 心 。Please help yourself to some fis h .请 你 随 便 吃 点 鱼 。( 2 )、 用 于及物动词+ 宾 语 + 介词take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth.I could not dress (myself) up at that tim e .那个时候我不能打 扮 我 自

49、 己 。注 : 有 些 动 词 后 不 跟 反 身 代 词 ,get up,sit-down,standup,wake up 等 。Please sit down. 请 坐 。3 )作表语同位语be oneself: I am not myself today. 我 今 天不舒服。The thing itself is not important,事 情 本 身 并 不 重 要 。4 )在 不 强 调 的 情 况 下,but,except,for等介词后宾语用反身 代 词 或 人 称 代 词 宾 格 均 可 。 如 :No one but myself (me) is hurt.除了我之外没人

50、受伤。注 意 :(1) 、反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错)Myself drive the car.( 对 )I myself drive the car. 我 自 己开车。(2 ) 、但 在and,or,nor连接的并列主 语 中 , 第二个主语可用反身代词, 特别是myself作主语。Charles and myself saw it.查理和我本人看到了他。5 )第二人称作宾语, 要用反身代词。Y ou should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。6. 关系代词关系代词同时起两个作用。像其他代词一样, 他们用作主语、表语、宾语和定语; 同时像连词一样, 它

51、把定语从句与主句连接起来。关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例 如 :He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我, 纯属谎言。说 明 : 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如 :Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语, 现在大都忘了。Hes changed. Hes not the man he was.他变化很大, 已不是过去的他了。7. 不定代词编辑1 )不定代词有all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,li

52、ttle,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,none,everybody,everyone.等。2 )不定代词的功能与用法(1 ) 、 除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词, 也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.我对此束手无策。(2 )、 a ll都 , 指三者以上。a ll的主谓一致:all的单

53、复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。All goes w e ll.一切进展得很好。a ll通常不与可数名词单数连用, 如 : 不 说all the book ,而说the whole book。 但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如allday ,all night ,all the year ;但习惯上不说 all hour ,all centuryoall还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用, 如all China , allthe city , all my life , all the way , all 可与名词的复数连用,all the bookso3 ) b o th都,指两

54、者。(1 )、 both与复数动词连用, 但both and可与单数名词或代词连用。(2 ) 、both,all都可作同位语, 其位置在行为动词前,b e动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去 , 则位于助动词或情态动词之前。-Who can speak Japanese?-We both (all) can.- 谁能说英语?- 我们都能。We are all students.我们都是学生。4 ) neither两者都不(1 )、 neither作主 语 时 , 谓语动词用单数。( 2 )、neiher作定语与单数名词连用, 但nHther. nor用作并列连词, 可与复数名词连

55、用。其谓语采用就近原则。(3 )、neither可用于下列句型, 避免重复。She cant sing , neither (can) he.neither 与 nor(4 )、如neither前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither ,而不 用nor。If you dont do it , neither should I .如果你不干, 我也不干。(5 )如neither后连续有几个否定句式, 则 用nor,不用neitheroHe cant sing , nor dance , nor skate.5) some某 些 , 一 些 , 某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词, 常用在肯

56、定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作 定 语 时 , 它可以修饰可数名词( 单、复数皆可) 和不可数名词。例 如 :some are doctors , some are nurses .有些人是医生, 有些人是护士。 ( 作 主 语 )6 ) any 一 些 , 任何( 1 )、不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词, 常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作 定 语 时 , 它可以修饰可数名词(多为复数) 和不可数名词。例 如 :there isnt any ink in my pen . 我的钢笔没有墨水。(作 定 语 )(2 )、不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示 任何的 。例如:

57、you may come at any time ; ill be home the whole day .你任何时候来都行, 我整天都将呆在家里。不定代词any也可以用作副词,做 状 语,表示程度。例 如 :is he any better today ?他今天好一点了吗?7 ) a ll全 体 , 所 有 ( 指三者以上)不定代词all在句中可以作主语、 宾语、 表语、 定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时 , 指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时, 引导词用thato例如:all were present at the meeting .全都到会了。 ( 作

58、 主 语 ,代表可数名词)8 ) none 无人或无不定代词none的含义和all物 相 反 , 和no one , not any同义 , 但其用法相当于名词, 在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 代替可数名词作主语 时 , 谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例 如 :none of the problems is /are easy to solve . 这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。 ( 作 主 语 , 代替可数名词)9) either两者之中的任何一个, 这个或那个。不 定 代 词either可以作主语、宾语和定语。例 如 :either of them

59、will agree to this arrangent .他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。 ( 作 主 语 )10) each每 个 , 各自的不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况, 甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如:she gave the children two apples each .她给了 每个小孩两个苹果。(作the children的同位语。)each o f作主语谓语动词用单数, 例如Each of workers has a gift.每个工人都获得一份礼物。11)、every每 个,每 一 的,一切的不定代词every有

60、全体 的意思, 和all的意义相近, 但只能作定语.12 )、none few little some( 1 )、 none 无none作 主 语 ,多与o f构成短语none of。 在答语中,none可单独使用。-Are there any pictures on the wall?-None.- 有一些图画在墙上吗?- 一张也没有。none作 主 语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.这是你的事物。13 ) , few,little稍 许,极少数(1 ) , few作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于否定句。litt

61、le作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 多用于否定句。(2 )、a few,a little 一 些 , 少数a few作主语时, 谓语动词用复数, 多用于肯定句。a little作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 多用于肯定句。14 )、some 一些(1 ) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。(2 ) 、 当做 某一 解时, 也可与单数名词连用。 ( = acertain )Y ou will be sorry for this some day.总有一天, 你会后悔这件事的。A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。注

62、意 :(1 ) 在肯定疑问句中用some代 替any。(2)some用于其他句式中:肯定疑问句中: 说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的, 或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句 式 中 , 表委婉请求或建议, 如 :Would you like some coffee?在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时, 如 :If you need some help , let me know.some位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before. 当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如 :I havent heard from some

63、of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。14 )、any 一些(1 ) 、 an y多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. Y ou may read any. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。15 )、one,ones为复数形式ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,贝ij用 some,any ,而不用 onesDHave you bought any rulers? Y es , Ive bought some.16 ) one , tha

64、t 和 itone表示泛指,that和i t表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个, 而i t与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不 定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I b o u g h t.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put i t . (同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。17 )、one/another/the

65、 otherone. the other 只有两个some. the others 有三个以上one. another , another.some. others , others.others = other people/thingsthe others = the rest 剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用another02)一定范围内两人( 物), 一个用one, 另一个用the othero3)一定范围内三者, 一个用one , 另一个用one ( another),第三个可用 the other , a thirdo4) 一定范围内, 除去一部分人/ 物,剩余的全部用the other

66、s。5)泛指别的人或物时, 用others当在一定范围内, 除去一部 分 后 , 剩余部分但不是全部时, 也用others。18) the的妙用He is one of the students who help me.=He is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。第一句定语从句与the students 一致。第二句定语从句与the one 一致。1 9 )、anyone/no one/(1 ) . anyone 和 any oneanyone仅 指 人 ,any one既可指人, 也可指物。(2)no one 和 none no

67、ne后 跟o f短 语 , 既可指人又可指物, 而no one只单独使用, 只指人。 none作 主 语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。-Did any one call me up just n o w ?- - 刚才有人打电话给我吗?-No o n e .- - 没有。20)、every 和 each(1)、every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works h a rd .我们学校的学生都很用功。Each studen

68、t may have one b o o k.每个学生都可有一本书。(2 )、 every指三个以上的人或物( 含 三 个 ),each指两 个 以 上 的 人 或 物 ( 含 两 个 ) 。(3 )、every只作形容词, 不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.(4 )、every只用作定语,each既可用作定语, 也可用作主语、宾语或同位语。(5 )、every有反复重复的意思, 如every two weeks等

69、 ;each则没有。(6 )、every与not连 用 , 表示部分否定;each和not连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest,每个人都不诚实。21 ) 、both,either,neither这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在b e动 词 之 后 ,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。( 1 卜both ( 两 者 都 ) ,either(两者中任何一个) ,neither(两 者 都 不 )。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is cle ver.两个男孩都不

70、聪明。( 2 )、both , eitherboth与复数连用,either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.( 两 岸 )There are flowers on either side of the street.( 岸的两边)路边长满了野花。(3 ) 、all ( 所 有 的 , 全部的人或物),any ( 任何一个),none ( 都 不 ) 。以上词使用范围为三者以

71、上。All the flowers are g o n e ,所有的花都谢 了。I dont like any of the flow ers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flow ers.这些花我都不喜欢。注 意 :all与none用法一样。跟单数名词, 用单数动词; 跟复数名词, 用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。all与whole的 区 别 : 二者都有“ 所 有 的 , 全部的” 之 意 , 但用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代

72、词或其他限定词之前; 而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试 比 较 :all my life/my whole life.我的一生all the world/the whole world.全世界20 )、many,muchMany , much都意为 许多 ,many +可数名词,much +不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning

73、.few,little,a few,a little(1) few +可数名词,(a) little +不可数名词。a few / a little为肯定含义, 还有一点。few / little为否定含义, 没有多少了。He has a few friends,他有几个朋友。He has few friends,他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little tim e,我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。(2), few后经常跟名词复数。典型例题:Although hes wealthy , he spends_ mone

74、y on clothes.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few答 案:A. spend后跟的是钱, 不 可 数 , 只能用little或a little.本句为although引导的让步状语从句, 由句意知后句为否定含义 , 因此应用little表示几乎不。( 3 )、固定搭配:only a few (=few ) not a few (=many ) quite a few(=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.8、指示代词编辑表示空间或时间上远近关系的代词叫指示代词。

75、这一类词通常是在一定的照应关系中出现, 其确切含义通常取决于上下文中的照应对象或其他非语言因素, 从而这一类词在一定上下文中形成的照应关系叫做指示照应” 。1 )指示代词分单数(this / that)和 复 数 (these / those )两种形式, 既可作限定词又可做代词,this和these 一般用来指在时间或空间较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例 如 :单 数 复 数限定词:This girl is Mary. These men are myteachers.代 词 : This is Mary. These are myteachers.2

76、)指示代词的句法功能;a .作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b .作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c .作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d .作介词宾语I dont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说 明1 :指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人, 但作其他句子成分时只能指物, 不能指人, 例 如 :( Xl ) That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作 主 语 ,指人)( 对

77、 )He is going to marry this g ir l.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)( 错 )He is going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能指人)( 对)I bought th is .我买这个。(this指 物 , 可作宾语)说明2 :That和those可作定语从句的先行词 但this和these不 能 ,同 时 , 在作先行词时, 只有those可 指 人 , 试 比 较 :( 对 )He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。( 对 )He admired those wh

78、o looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指 人 )( 错 )He admired that who danced well. ( that 作宾语时不能指人)( 对 )He admired those who danced w e ll,他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those指 人 )( 对 )He admired those which looked beauti注意事项编辑1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人, 但作其他句子成分时只能指物, 不能指人, 例 如 :( 对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作 主 语 ,指 人 )( 对

79、)He is going to marry this g ir l.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)( 错)He is going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能 指 人)( 对) l bought th is .我买这个。(this指 物 , 可作宾语)2、That和those可作定语从句的先 行 词 , 但this和these不 能 , 同 时 , 在作先行词时, 只有those可 指 人,试 比 较 :( 对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。( 对)He admired those who

80、 looked beautiful.他赞赏那些夕卜表漂亮的人。 (those指 人 )( 错)He admired that who danced well. ( that 作宾语时不能 指 人 )( 对)He admired those who danced w e ll.他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those指 人 )( 对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指 物 )3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时, 如果指示代词指人 , 其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词, 也可以用it或者they;但指事物时, 只能

81、用it或 者they。 例 如 :Whos that? Thats/lts Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华。What are those? They are basketballs,那些是什么?那些是篮球。4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句 时 , 不管指示代词指人还是指物, 答语中都用it或they。例 如 :Is this a ruler? Y es, it is.Are those your friends? No, they arent.5、为避免重复, 有 时 可 用that或those来代替前面已提到过的人或事物; 用this或these来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例

82、 如 :Shes very friendly, and that is why we all love her.她很友善 , 这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。Y ou neednt do this Its pretty easy.你不必做这事, 那相当容易。6、向别人介绍某个人时, 要说“ This is 而不说“ Thatis 也不能说“ He is. ” 或“ She is 介绍两个人时,先用“This is .” 介绍一个人, 然后用That is . . . . ” 介绍另一个人。如 :This is Li Ming. Li Ming , this is Wei Hua.这是李明。李 明 ,

83、这是魏华。This is my brother and that is my sister.这是我哥哥, 那是我妹妹。7、one , that 和 it 的区别:one表示泛指,that和i t表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个, 而i t与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy o n e .( 不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.( 同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I d

84、ont know where I put i t . (同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。9、相互代词1 )相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的, 例 如 :It is easy to see that the people of different cultures havealways copied each other.显而易见, 不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2 )相互代词的句法功能:a .作动词宾语;People should love one another,人们应当彼此相

85、爱。b .可作介词宾语;Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other. 吠、 鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说 明 : 传统语法认为, 相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other ,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英 语 中 , 两组词交替使用的实例也很多, 例 如 :He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups wer

86、e independent of eachother.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c .相互代词可加s构成所有格, 例 如 :The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记。人称代词 主 格:I我you你he他she她they他 们we我们宾 格 :me我you你him他her她them他 们us我们物 主 代 词my我 的his他 的your你的(your你 们 的)their他 们 的her她的指 示 代 词this这that那these这 些those那些反身代词myself我 自 己himself他 自 己themselves他们自己yo

87、urself你( 们) 自己herself她自己疑问代词who谁what什 么which哪个不定代词some 一 些many许 多both两 个 ; 两 个 都any许多关系代词which.的 物who.的 人that.的人或物who谁that引导定语从句相 互 代 词each other互相 one another互相连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever替代词one (单 数),ones (复数)代词用法1)人称代词:人称代词是表示 我 、 你 、 他 、 她 、 它 、 我们 、 你们 、他们”

88、的词。 是表示自身或人称的人称代词有人称、 数和格的变化,见 下 表 :单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称you他hehim她theythemsheher它it不定oneones如 :He is my frie n d .他是我的朋友。Its m e .是我。人称代词可用作主语, 表 语 , 宾语以及介词宾语。I am a worker,! work in the factory.我是一1b工 人 , 我在工厂工作。Y ou are a good teacher.你是一位优秀教师。She is a little girl.她是一个小女孩。Its a heavy box,I

89、cant carry it.这是一个重盒子, 我搬不动。Its me. Open the door quickly.是 我 , 快开门。Dont tell him about it.不要告诉他这件事情。She is always ready to help us.她随时都在准备帮助我们。Our teacher is very strict with us.我们的老师对我们很严格。人称代词中几个注意的情况:第一人称单数代词I ( 我 ) 不论在什么地方都要大写。I study English every day.我天天学习英语。 we 常常代替 I表示一种同读者, 听众或观众之间的亲密关系。We

90、 shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。 she 常常代替国家, 城 市,宠 物 等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。I live in Chinao She is a great country.我住在中国. 她是一个伟大的国家。 i t 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。Its me. Open the door,please.是 我 , 请开门。 they有时代替一般人.They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。2)物主代词:表 示 所 有 关 系 的 代

91、词 叫 做 物 主 代 词 。 物主代词可分为形容词性 物 主 代 词 和 名 词 性 物 主 代 词 两 种 。 列 表 如 下 。我你他她它我们你们他们的的的的的 的的 的形容词性物主 youmy her代词 rhis itsyour名 词 性 物 主 代 词mine herssour your theirours yours theirs形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词 可 用 作 定 语 , 例 如 :I love my country.我 热 爱 我 的 国 家 。Is this your car?这 是 你 的 汽 车 吗 ?名 词 性 的 物 主 代 词 可 用 作 主 语 , 宾

92、 语 , 表语以及与“o f连接的 定 语 。That car is mine,not yours.那 辆 汽 车 是 我 的 , 不 是 你 的 。These books are ours.这 些 书 是 我 们 的 。Whose bag is it? Its hers.这 是 谁 的 书 包 ? 是她的。Y esterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰 见 了 我 的 一 位 朋 友 。3) 反身代词:表示我自己, 你 自 己 , 他 自 己 , 我们自己, 你 们 自 己 , 他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一, 二人称

93、构成是由形容词性物主代词加-s e lf( 复 数 加-selves )构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加- self( 复 数 加 -selves )构成。第一人称 第二人称 第三人称第三人称第三人称单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法:反身代词可用作宾语, 表 语 , 主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调“ 本 人 ,自己 。I am teaching myself computer.我自学计算机。Take good care of your

94、self.把自己照顾好。The child himself drew this picture.孩子自己画的这张画。Y ou should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。4) 相互代词:表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词, 有each other和oneanother两 组 , 但在运用中, 这两组词没什么区别。如 :They love each o th e r,他们彼此相爱。5) 指示代词:表示这个,那 个,这 些,那些以及it.such.same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语,宾 语,表 语,定语。That is a red car.那

95、是一辆红色汽车。What do you like? I like this.你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。I should say I know that.我应该说我知道这件事情。指示代词的用法:this和these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。This is a book,这是一本书。These are cars.这些是汽车。I am busy these days.我这些日子很忙。that和those表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。That is not a room.那不是一间房间。Those are trees.那些是树。that和those还可以指前文中的事物,this和these

96、指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。I got up late,thats why I missed the bus.我起床迟了 , 这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样, 都具有指定的含义。指示代词分单数(this / that)和 复 数 (these / those )两种形 式 , 既可作限定词又可做代词, 例 如 :单 数 复 数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代 词 : This is Mary. Those are my teachers.6)疑问代词:表示 谁(who ), 谁

97、(whom ), 谁的(whose ), 什么(what),哪个或哪些(which ) ” 等词叫疑问代词。疑问代词的用法:疑问代词都可用作连接代词, 引导名词性从句( 主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如 :Tell me who he i s ,告诉我他是谁。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中, 疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面 , 在句中可用作主语, 宾 语 , 表 语 , 定语。Who is here just now?阿才谁在这儿?Whom are you looking for?你在找谁?Whose exercise-book is this?这是谁的练习本?What is this?这是什么?Wh

98、ich one do you like,th is one or that one?你喜欢哪一个,这个还是那个?疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句, 也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语, 宾 语 , 表语等成分。What we should do is still unknown.我们该干什么仍然还不知道。I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。7)关系代词:关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which,as,可用作引导从句的关联词, 它们在句中可用作主语, 表 语 , 宾 语 , 定 语 . 在

99、主 句 中 , 它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词( 通称为先行词) 。This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。8)不定代词:没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词 , 常用不定代词如下:all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some 以及由 some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。不定代词的用法:不定代词代替名词或形容词. 在句中可用作主语, 宾

100、 语 , 表语和定语。Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。I know nothing about it.这件事情我一点都不知道。Thats all I know.这就是我知道的。I go to school every day.我每天去学校上学。不定代词的具体用法:常见的不定代词有all , both , each , every等,以及含有some- , any- , no-等的合成代词, 如 anybody , something , nooneo这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,

101、但none和 由some , any , no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、 宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如 :一 Do you have a c a r?- - 你有一辆小汽车吗? Y es , I have o n e .- - 是 的 , 我有一辆。一 I dont know any of th e m ,他 们 , 我一也不认识。any :一 些 , 任何。any多用作否定或疑问句中,any在句中作主语,宾 语 , 定语。any作 定 语 时 , 所修饰的名词没有单复数 限 制 , 一般多用复数,any用在肯定句中, 表示 任何 。Do you have any book

102、s?你有书吗?Y ou can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。some :一 些 , 某 些 , 某个。som e多用在肯定句中, 表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some arewhite,which I like very much.花园里有许多花, 一些是白色的, 我特别喜欢。I am going to get some ink.我去弄点墨水。Will you have some coffee,please?喝点咖啡吗?no :无. 在句中作定语. 表示否定, 语 气 要 比

103、not any强.She knows no English.她根本就不懂英语。I have no bike.我没有自行车。None既可以指人也可以指物, 其后通常接of短 语 , 用作主语 时 , 若指不可数名词, 渭语只能用单数, 若指复数名词时, 则谓语可用单数( 较 正 式 ), 也可以用复数( 非正式语体) 如 :None of the milk can be used.None of the films is/are worth seeing.many :许多. 在句中作主语, 宾 语 , 定语.many在句中代替可数名词。Many of the students like Engl

104、ish very much.许多学生非常喜欢英语。I have many books to give you,我有许多书要给你。much :许多。在句中作主语, 宾 语 , 定语。much在句中代替不可数名词。There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。a few,a little,few,little.: 几 个 ,点 儿 , 没 几 个 , 没多少。它们在句中作主语,宾 语,定 语,其 中a few和few代替可数名词 ,a little和little代替不可数名词, 它们表示少量, 不 多 , 几个 , 只是主观上的一种相对说法, 并没有具

105、体的数量标准。Few of the books are cheap now.现在没几本儿书是便宜的。A few friends came to see me yesterday.昨天有几个朋友来看我。I have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。There is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶没多少水了。9)连接代词:连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等 , 它们在句中可用作主语

106、、宾语、表语、定 语 等 , 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句, 如 :I dont know who he is ,我不知道他是谁。What he says sounds reasonable.他说的话听起来有道理。The question is who(m) we should trust.问题是我们该信任谁。Ill take whoever wants to g o .谁想去我就带谁去。Take whichever seat you like.你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个。I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想至! 什么就说什么。【

107、注】who, whom, whoever等不用于名词前作定语。2. what的两种不同用法,请看以下两个句子:I didnt know what he wanted,我不知道他想要什么。I gave her what she wanted.我给了 她想要的一切。上面第一句中的what表示“ 什么” , 带有疑问的意味; 第二句 中 的what表示“ 所的一切事或东西”, 其意义上大致相当于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, allthat, as much as 等 , 又 如 :What =That whi

108、ch you say is quite true.你说的完全是事实。He saves what = all that he earns,他赚多少, 积蓄多少。Call it what = anything that you please,你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这 样 用 的what有时还可后接一个名词:He gave mewhat money = all the money that he had about him .他把身上带的钱全给了我。What friends =AII the friends that he has are very poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。3 .关于wh

109、atever, whoever与whichever它们可引导主语从句和宾语从句, 如 :He does whatever she asks him to d o .她要他做什么, 他就做什么。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it,谁想要这票, 我就把它给谁。Whichever team gains the most points wins.哪个队得分最多 , 哪个队就赢。【 注】 其 中 的ever主要用于加强语气, 含有“ 一切” 、 “ 任何” 、“ 无论” 之义。使用这类词时, 注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:任何人( 谁) 先来都可以得到一张票

110、。误: Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes firstcan get a ticket正: Anyone who comes first can get a ticket. / Whoevercomes first can get a ticket.10)替代词:为避免重复, 在一个句子中常用替代词替代前面已经提到过的事物。that用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数或者不可数名词, 表示 特 指 , 表示“ 一件事物”The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signaltha

111、n that on the small ones.主要街道上的绿色交通信号比小的道路上的时间更长。one用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数, 表示泛指, 表示“ 同类事物中的一个”Have you got a camera? No. Y ou should buy one ( one指的是世界上任何一个照相机) .“ 你有照相机吗? ” “ 没有。” “ 你应该买一架。”This camera is great, I want to buy it.( it 指的就是说话者现在看到的这一个照相机)这个照相机很棒, 我想买它。ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表 示 泛 指 , 表示“ 同类事

112、物中的一些”Cancer cells are so radically different from normal onesthat its almost impossible tountangle the sequence of events that made them thatway.( ones 指的是 cells)癌症细胞和正常细胞差异极大, 要理清造成这种差异的事件的先后顺序几乎是不可能的。While working on the new interface, Jobs would sometimessuggest what at first seemed tobe crazy i

113、deas, but later turned out to be good ones.( ones指的是ideas)在开发新界面的过程中, 乔布斯常常会提出一些初看起来疯狂但之后成为好设计的意见。the ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表示特指, 表示“ 这些人或这些事物”The people who break or manipulate the rules are the oneswho really become successful.打破或操纵规则的人才是真正会成功的人。6 reasons why your photos dont look like the ones inm

114、agazines.为什么你的照片看起来不像杂志上那么好看的6 个原因。those用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数, 表示特指, 相当于 the onesMr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils exceptthose/the ones who had already had them.张先生把这些教科书给了所有的学生, 除了那些已经有书的学生。The products in Tanghuaseng are as good as those/theones in Central World.陈和盛的商品和中央世界的商品一样好。Studying We

115、ndys menu, I found that many of the items aresimilar to those of McDonalds.通过研究温迪的菜单, 我发现它家许多的东西都与麦当劳的相似。the ones和those的区别主要是:1, the ones :前面可以用形容词修饰, 也可以用后置定语修饰。例 :the good ones ( 正 确 )the ones which are good (正 确)2, those :前面不可以用形容词修饰, 只能用后置定语修饰。例: good those (错 误)those which are good (正 确)人称代词编辑(

116、1 ) 人称代词做主语用 主 格 , 做宾语、表语用 宾 格 , 但应注意以下情况:在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如 :He is taller than me.但在下列句子中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=l like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=l like Jack and she likeshim,too.(2) 两个以上的人称代词并列, 其次序排列原则:在并列主语中,“1 ”总是放在最后, 排列顺序为: 二三一( 人称 )。宾 格me也一样。Y ou,she and

117、I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称, 男女两性并用, 男先女后。He and she still dontagree to the plan.用法1 ) 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语, 例 如 :John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿, 最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed itwas she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,

118、还真是她。说 明 : 在复合句中, 如果主句和从句主语 相 同 , 代词主语要用在从句中, 名词主语用在主句中, 例 如 :When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。2) 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语, 但在口语中也能作主语 补 语 , 第一人称在省略句中, 还可以作主语, 例 如 :I saw her with them,at least,! thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起, 至少我认为是她。 (her做 宾 语 ,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)a. - Who brok

119、e the va se ?- - 谁打碎了 花 瓶?b. - M e .- - 我。(me 做主语补语=Its me.)说 明 : 在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用 宾 格 , 在正式文体中这里应为she和L主宾替换1)宾格代替主格( 1 )、在简短对话中, 当人称代词单独使用或在n o t后 ,多用宾语。-1 like English,- - 我喜欢英语。- -Me to o .- - 我也喜欢。- -Have more w in e ?- - 再来点酒喝吗?- -Not m e .- - 我可不要了。(2 ) 、在表示比较的非正式的文体中, 常用宾格代替主格。但如

120、果比较状语的谓语保留, 则主语只能用主格。He is taller than l/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格( 1 )、在介词but , except后 , 有时可用主格代替宾格。( 2)、在电话用语中常用主格。-1 wish to speak to Mary.-我想和玛丽通话。- - This is s h e .- - 我就是玛丽。注 意 : 在动词b e或to b e后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was s h e .我以为是她。 ( 主格- - - - - - 主 格 )I thought it to be h

121、 e r . (宾格- - - - - - 宾 格)I was taken to be s h e .我被当成了她。 ( 主格- - - - - -主格 )They took me to be h e r.他们把我当成了她。 ( 宾格一- - - - 宾 格 )指代问题1 )不定代词 somebody,anybody , everybody , nobody ,anyone , someone .everyone ,no one ,及 whoever和 person在正式场合使用时, 可用he,his,him代替。Nobody came,did h e ?谁 也 没 来 , 是吗?2 ) 动物

122、名词的指代一般用it或they代 替 , 有时也用he,she ,带有亲切的感情色彩。Give the cat some food. It is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。它饿了。=Give the cat some food.She is hungry3 ) 指代车或国家, 船舶的名词, 含感情色彩时常用sheoThe Natural Day is our mothers birthday , I think she isvery happy !并列人称1)单数人称代词并列作主语时, 其顺序为:第 二 人 称 - 第 三 人 称 - 第一人称you - he/she ; it - IY

123、ou,he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时, 其顺序为:第 一 人 称 - 第 二 人 称 - 第三人称we - ; you - ; They注 意 : 在下列情况中, 第一人称放在前面。a .在承认错误, 承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b .在长辈对晚辈, 长官对下属说话时, 如长官为第一人称,如 :I and you try to finish it.c .当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。物主代词编辑1 ) 物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用, 例 如

124、 :John had cut his finger; apparently there was a brokenglass on his desk.约翰割破了手指, 显 而 易 见 , 他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性(my,your等)和名词性(mine,yours等 ) 两 种 , 形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的- s属格结构, 例如:Jacks cap 形容词性物主代词 意为 The cap is Jacks. 名词性物主代词His cap 形容词性物主代词 意为 The cap is his. 名词性物主代词2)名词性物主代词的句法

125、功能a .作 主 语 , 例如:May I use your pen? Y ours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b .作 宾 语 , 例 如 :I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c .作介词宾语, 例 如 :Y our should interpret what I said in my sense of theword,not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话, 而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d .作主语 补 语 , 例 如 :The l

126、ife I have is yours. Its yours. Its yo u rs.我的生命属于 你 , 属 于 你 , 属于你。双重所有格物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,sueh,another,which等词一起前置, 修饰一 1k名 词 , 而必须用双重所有格。公 式 为 :a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine.each brother of his.疑问代词编辑1 )疑问代词在句中起名词词蛆的作用, 用来构成疑问句。疑问代词

127、有下列几个:指 人 :who,whom,whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which2)疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词 之 前 , 没有性和数的变化 , 除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试 比 较 :疑 问 代 词 :Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?限定词: Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?Wh

128、at events led to most of the east of the Mississippi Riverbecoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?说 明1 :无论是做疑问代词还是限 定 词 ,which和what所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的, 而which则指在一定的范围内,例 如 :Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘?What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘?说 明2 :Whom是who的 宾 格 , 在书面语中,

129、它作动词宾语或介词宾语在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替但在介词后只能用whom ,例 如 :Who( m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁? ( 作动词宾语)Who( m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁? ( 作介词宾语, 置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了 ?( 作介词宾语, 置 介 词 后 , 不能用who取代。)说 明3 :疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时, 过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首, 现代英语中, 疑问代词在句首, 介词在句末

130、。例 如 :For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么? (旧文体)What are you looking for?你在找什么? ( 现代英语)说明4 :疑问代词还可引导名词性 从 句 , 例 如 :I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go al

131、l theway with you.你说的我大部分同意, 但并不完全赞同。反身代词编辑反身代词指主语与宾语为同一人或物, 或表示一个动作回到该动作执行者身上时, 要用反身代词( 否则就不能用反身代词),反身代词也可以放在名词或代词( 主 格 ) 后面( 也可以放在句尾)起强调作用。1 )列表myself yourself herself himself itselfoneselfourselves yourselves themselves oneselves2 ) 做宾语a .有些动词需有反身代词absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,intr

132、oduce,behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fis h .请你随便吃点鱼。b .用于及物动词+ 宾语+ 介词take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth.I could not dress ( myself) up at that tim e ,那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注 : 有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up,sit-down,standup,wake up 等。Please sit down

133、. 请坐。3 ) 作 表 语 ;同位语be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important,事情本身并不重要。4 )在不强调的情况下,but,except,for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如 :No one but myself ( me) is hurt.注 意 :a .反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错)Myself drive the car.( 对 )I myself drive the car. 我 自 己开车。b .但 在and,or,nor连接的并列主 语 中 , 第二

134、个主语可用反身代 词 , 特别是myself作主语。Charles and myself saw it.5 )第二人称作宾语, 要用反身代词。Y ou should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。关系代词编辑关系代词同时起两个作用。像其他代词一样, 他们用作主语、表语、宾语和定语; 同时像连词一样, 它把定语从句与主句连接起来。关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例 如 :He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我, 纯属谎言。说 明 : 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可 省 略 , 例如 :

135、Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语, 现在大都忘了。Hes changed. Hes not the man he was.他变化很大, 已不是过去的他了。1 ) 不定代词有all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no o

136、ne,none,everybody,everyone.等。2 )不定代词的功能与用法(1 ) 、 除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词, 也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.(2 )、a ll都 , 指三者以上。a ll的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。All goes w e ll.一切进展得很好。a ll通常不与可数名词单数 连 用 , 如 : 不 说all the book ,而说 the whole booko但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用, 如all day ,all night ,a

137、ll the year ;但习惯上不说 all hour , all centuryoall还可以与一些特殊的单数名词 连 用,如all China , allthe city , all my life , all the way3 ) b o th都,指两者。a. both与复数动词连用, 但both. and.可与单数名词连用。b. both,all都可作同 位 语 , 其位置在行为动词前,b e动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去 , 则位于助动词或情态动词之前。Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.4 ) neither两者

138、都不a. neither作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数。b .作定语与单数名词 连 用 但neithei nor用作并列 连 词 ,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。c .可用于下列句型, 避免重复。She cant sing , neither (can) he.neither 与 nord .如前句是否定式 从 句 , 则主句用neither ,而 不 用nor。If you dont do it , neither should I .如果你不干, 我也不干。e .如后连续有几个否定句式, 则 用nor ,不 用neither。He cant sing , nor dance , no

139、r skate.5 ) some某 些 , 一 些 , 某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词, 常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作 定 语 时 , 它可以修饰可数 名 词 ( 单、复数 皆 可 ) 和不可数名词。例 如 :some are doctors , some are nurses .有些人是医生, 有些人是护士。 ( 作 主 语 )6 ) any 一 些 , 任何不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词, 常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作 定 语 时 , 它可以修饰可数名词(多为 复 数 ) 和不可数名词。例 如 :there isnt any ink in my p

140、en . 我的钢笔没有墨水。(作 定 语 )不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示 任何的 。例如 :you may come at any time ; ill be home the whole day .你任何时候来都行, 我整天都将呆在家里。不定代词any也可以用作 副 词 , 做状 语 , 表示程度。例 如 :is he any better today ?他今天好一点了吗?7 ) a ll全 体 , 所 有 ( 指三者以上)不定代词all在句中可以作主语、 宾语、 表语、 定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时 , 指两个以上的人或物。作先行词

141、时, 引导词用thato例 如 :all were present at the meeting .全都到会了。(作 主 语 ,代表可数名词)8 ) none 无人或无不定代词none的含义和all物 相 反 , 和no one , not any同义 , 但其用法相当于名词, 在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 代替可数名词作主语 时 , 谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例 如 :none of the problems is /are easy to solve . 这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。 ( 作 主 语 , 代替可数 名 词 )9 ) either

142、两者之中的任何一个, 这个或那个。不 定 代 词either可以作主语、宾语和定语。例 如 :either of them will agree to this arrangent .他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。 ( 作 主 语 )10) each每 个 , 各自的不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况, 甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如:she gave the children two apples each .她给了 每个小孩两个苹果。 ( 作the children的同位语。 )Each o f作主语谓语动词用 单 数 , 例如11)

143、every每 个,每 一 的 , 一切的不定代词every有“ 全体” 的 意 思 , 和all的意义相近, 但只能作定语.none few little some一、none 无1) none作 主 语 , 多与o f构成短语none of。 在答 语 中,none可单独使用。Are there any pictures on the wall? None.2) none作 主 语 , 谓语动词单复数均可。但如做 表 语 , 则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.二、few,little稍 许 , 极少数few作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于否定句。l

144、ittle作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 多用于否定句。a few,a little 一 些,少数a few作主语时, 谓语动词用 复 数 , 多用于肯定句。a little作主语时, 谓语动词用单数,多用于肯定句。三、some 一些1 )可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2 )当做 某一 解时, 也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain )Y ou will be sorry for this some day.总有一天, 你会后悔这件事的。A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。注 意 :(1 ) 在肯定疑

145、问句中用some代 替any。(2)some用于其他句式中:a .肯定疑问句中: 说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的, 或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句 式 中,表委婉请求或建议,如 :Would you like some coffee?b .在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时, 如 :If you need some help , let me know.c. some位于主语 部 分 ,Some students havent been there before.d .当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如 :I havent heard from some o

146、f my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any 一些1 ) an y多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. Y ou may read any. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。五、one,ones为复数形式ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,贝ij用 some,any ,而不用 ones。Have you bought any rulers? Y es , I ve bought some.one , that 和 itone表示泛指,

147、that和i t表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个, 而i t与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不 定 )我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I b o u g h t.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put i t . (同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。one/another/the otherone. the oth

148、er 只有两个some. the others 有三个以上one. another , another.some. others , others.others = other people/thingsthe others = the rest 剩余的全部1)泛指另一b用 anothero2)一定范围内两人( 物 ), 一个用one, 另一1用the othero3)一定范围内三者, 一个用one, 另一个用one ( another),第三个可用 the other , a thirdo4) 一定范围内, 除去一部分人/ 物,剩余的全部用the others。5)泛指别的人或物时, 用ot

149、hers当在一定范围内,除去一部 分 后 , 剩余部分但不是全部时, 也用others。the的妙用He is one of the students who help me.He is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。第一句定语从句与the students 一致。第二句定语从句与the one 一致。anyone/no one/1 . anyone 和 any oneanyone仅 指 人,any one既可指人,也可指物。2 . no one 和 nonea ) none后 跟of短 语 , 既可指人又可指物, 而no one

150、只单独使用, 只指人。b ) none作 主 语 , 谓语动词 用 单 , 复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。-Did any one call me up just n o w ?- - 冈才有人打电话给我吗?-No o n e .- - 没有。3 . every 和 each1 ) every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works h a rd .我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one b o o k

151、.每个学生都可有一本书。2 ) every指三个以上的人或物( 含 三 个 ),each指两个以 上 的 人 或 物 ( 含 两 个 ) 。3 ) every只作形容词, 不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.4 ) every只用作定语,each既可用作定语, 也可用作主语、宾语或同位语。5 ) every有反复重复的意思, 如every two weeks等 ;each没有。6 ) every与not连 用 , 表

152、示部分否定;each和not连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest,这儿每个人都不诚实。both,either, neither这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在b e动 词 之 后 ,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1 ) both ( 两 者 都 ), either ( 两者中任何一t) , neither( 两者都不) 。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is cle ver.两个男孩都不聪明。2 ) both , eitherboth与复数连用,eith

153、er与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.( 两 岸 )There are flowers on either side of the street.( 岸的两边)路边长满了野花。3) all (所 有 的 , 全部的人或物),any (任何一个),none( 都 不 ) 。以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are g o n e ,所有的花都谢 了。I

154、dont like any of the flow ers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flow ers.这些花我都不喜欢。注 意 :all与none用法一样。跟单数名词, 用单数动词;跟复数名词, 用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All ( of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。all与whole的 区 别 : 二者都有“ 所 有 的 , 全部的” 之 意 , 但用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前; 而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试 比 较 :all my

155、 life/my whole life.我的一生all the world/the whole world.全世界many,muchMany , much都意为 许多 ,many +可数名词,much +不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.few,little,a few,(a) few +可数名词,(a) little +不可数

156、名词。a few / a little为肯定含义,还有一点。few / little为否定含义, 没有多少了。He has a few friends,他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little tim e.我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。few后经常跟名词复数。典型例题:Although hes wealthy , he spends_ on clothes.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few答 案:A. spend所指的是钱

157、, 不 可 数 , 只能用little或a little.本句为although引导的让步状语从句, 由句意知后句为否定含义 , 因此应用little表示几乎不。固定搭配:only a few (=few ) not a few (=many ) quite a few(=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.webwuzsdihoafd指示代词编辑表示空间或时间上远近关系的代词叫指示代词。这一类词通常是在一定的照应关系中出现, 其确切含义通常取决于上下文中的照应对象或其他非语言因素, 从而这一类词在一定上下文

158、中形成的照应关系叫做指示照应” 。1 )指示代词分单数(this / that)和 复 数 (these / those )两种形式, 既可作限定词又可做代词,this和these 一般用来指在时间或空间较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例 如 :单 数 复 数限定词:This girl is Mary. These men are myteachers.代 词 : This is Mary. These are myteachers.2 )指示代词的句法功能;a .作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b .作宾语I li

159、ke this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c .作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d .作介词宾语I dont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说 明1 :指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人, 但作其他句子成分时只能指物, 不能指人, 例 如 :( 对 )That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指 人 )( 对 )He is going to marry this g ir l.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)( 错 )He i

160、s going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能指人)( 对)I bought th is .我买这个。(this指 物 , 可作宾语)说明2 :That和those可作定语从句的先行词 但this和these不 能 ,同 时 , 在作先行词时, 只有those可 指 人 , 试 比 较 :( 对 )He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。( 对 )He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指 人 )( 错 )He admired that w

161、ho danced well. ( that 作宾语时不能指人)( 对 )He admired those who danced w e ll.他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those指 人 )( 对 )He admired those which looked beauti注意事项编辑1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人, 但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例 如 :( 对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。 (that作 主 语 ,指 人 )( 对)He is going to marry this g ir l.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)( 错)He is g

162、oing to marry this. ( this 作宾语时不能 指 人)( 对) 1 bought th is .我买这个。(this指 物 , 可作宾语)2、That和those可作定语从句的先 行 词 , 但this和these不 能 , 同 时 , 在作先行词时, 只 有those可 指 人 , 试 比 较 :( 对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。( 对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 (those指 人 )( 错)He admired that

163、 who danced well. ( that 作宾语时不能 指 人 )( 对)He admired those who danced w e ll.他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those指 人 )( 对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。 (those指 物 )3、在 回 答 指 示 代 词 作 主语的特 殊 问 句 时 , 如果指示代词指人 , 其 回 答 中 的 主 语 仍 可 以 用 相 应 的 指 示 代 词 , 也 可 以 用it或者they;但 指 事 物 时 , 只 能 用it或 者they。 例 如 :Who

164、s that? Thats/lts Liu Dehua.那 是 谁?那是刘德 华 。What are those? They are basketballs,那 些 是 什 么 ? 那些是 篮 球 。4、在 回 答 指 示 代 词 作 主 语 的 一 般 疑 问 句 时 , 不管指示代词指 人 还 是 指 物 , 答 语 中 都 用it或they。例 如 :Is this a ruler? Y es, it is.Are those your friends? No, they arent.5、 为 避 免 重 复 , 有 时 可 用that或those来代替前面已提到 过 的 人 或 事 物

165、 ; 用this或these来代替下文中将要提过的人或 事 物 。例 如 :Shes very friendly, and that is why we all love her.她很友善 , 这 就 是 我 们 都 喜 欢 她 的 原 因 。Y ou neednt do this 一 Its pretty easy.你 不 必 做 这 事 , 那相 当 容 易 。6、向别人介绍某个人时, 要说“ This is 而不说“ Thatis , 也不能说H e is. ” 或“ She is 介绍两个人时,先用This is. 介绍一 个人, 然后用That is . . . . ” 介绍另一个人

166、。如 :This is Li Ming. Li Ming , this is Wei Hua.这是李明。李 明 ,这是魏华。This is my brother and that is my sister.这是我哥哥, 那是我妹妹。7、one , that 和 it 的 区 别 :one表示泛指,that和i t表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而i t与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy o n e .( 不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than

167、that I bought.( 同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put i t . (同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。相互代词编辑1 )相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的, 例 如 :It is easy to see that the people of different cultures havealways copied each other.显而易见, 不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2

168、 )相互代词的句法功能:a .作动词宾语;People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。b .可作介词宾语;Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说 明 : 传统语法认为, 相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other ,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英 语 中 , 两组词交替使用的实例也很多, 例 如 :He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books bes

169、ide one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of eachother.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c .相互代词可加s构成所有格, 例 如 :The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记。3 ) 反身代词表示强调。I went to see the president myself.I went to see the president himself.4)反身代词不能作主语:I myself can do the work二、代词专项练习单选题

170、1 . Lucy is not my c o u s i n . my sister.A . He B . Hes C . She D . Shes2 . Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?A . They are.B . Y es, they are.C . No, they not.D . They arent.3 . Are these your English books?_. They are Mikes.A . No, these arentB . Y es, they areC . No, they arent4 . 一Who teaches

171、一French?Nobody, I learn it by.A . your; mineB . you; myselfC . your; myselfD . you; me5-Are those books ?一No, they are not mine. They belong t o.A . your; heB . yours; herC . your; hersD . yours; she6 . Who is Mr. Li?He is teacher and he teaches English.A . our; our B . us; usC . our; us D . us; our

172、7 . John asked the old man to teach _ traditional waysof making paper.A . he B . Him C . HisD . himself8 .are in the same class.A . I and youB . Y ou and IC . Me and youD . Y ou and me9 . This is Helens room. The bed i s.A . hers B . Y oursC . mine D . his10 .Bob. This is pen.A . I, my B . Im, myC .

173、 My, my D . Im, I11 . Whats your brothers favourite colour?一 favourite colour is red.A . Him B . HerC . He D . His12 . Whats name?_is Dale.A . your, I B . his, HeC . her, She D . her, He13 .Life is dictionary, we should learn directlyfrom it.A . We B . UsC . Our D . ours14 . Could you lend me your d

174、ictionary? I left athome.Of course.A . it B . Y oursC . One D . mine15 . He learned F r e n c h .A . on his ownB . on him ownC . in his ownD . in him own16 . Mary will cook meals for herself becausemother is not at home next week.A . her B . HersC . herself D . she17 . Lucy did well in skating and h

175、er father wassurprised at daughters secret talent .A . your B . HisC . herD . my18 . Look at the girl over t h e r e . is my good friendand birthday is September 11th.A . He; his B . He; hesC.She; her D.She; shes19 .We should take good care of Mum when she isill.A . us B . OurC . Ours D . ourselves2

176、0.On way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet anold friend.A . My B . Her C . His D . their21. is Jack._ jacket is black.A . He ; He B . His ; He C . He ; His22 . Lam is often compared to Taiwanese ( 台湾)singerJay Chou because_ both write own songs and aredeveloping R&B style.A . their.theirB . their.theyC

177、. they.theirD . they.they23 .pen is blue. And is black.A . My; her B . My; his C . Me; hisD . Hers; mine24 . Is this Jims pencil?一 Y es, I think it s.A . mine B . Y oursC . his D . hers25 . Fangfang is in _ class. is _ good friend.A . my;She;lB . my;Her;myC . my;She;myD . l;Her;my26 . Is this your s

178、choolbag?一Y es, its.A . my B . MeC . mineD . I27 . is Lucy and _ name is Dale.A . She; he B . She; herC . She, his28 . Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over therear e.A . We B . Us C . our D . ours29 .room is not big but nice.A . Y ours B . HisC . Hers D . They30 . The dictionary i s n t , i

179、ts .A . his, yourB . your, yoursC . hers, mineD . hes, his31 . Is this Lilys classroom, Mary?No. It is classroom .is over there.A . mine; Her B.my; HerC . my; Hers D . her; Mine32 . Is this Annas blue jacket ?Y es, it i s.A . His B . MineC . Hers D . yours33 . Is this your classroom, Mary?一No. It is

180、 _ classroom. is over there.A . their; MineB . their; MyC . theirs; MyD . theirs; Mine34 .are brothers.fam ily name is Black.A . Their; TheyB . Their; TheirC . They; TheirD . They; They35 . The book on the desk isnt mine. Is it ?A . yours B . Y ourselfC . youD . your36 .The deaf girl often uses body

181、 language to showfeelings.A . her B . she C . hers D . herself37 . These are our desks. Those desks a r e .A . her B . yoursC . your D . you38 .Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and are my parents.A . This B . that C . ItD . these39 . -Whats this in English?A . This is a pen.B . Its a

182、pen.C . This is an pen.D . Its an pen.40 . Are those your _ ? Y es,.A . erasers; theyreB . eraser; it isC . eraser; itsD . erasers; they are41 . Hi, A lle n .is my friend, Tom.Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.A . She B . ThatC . It D . This42 . Are these Jeff and Jack?A . Y es, they arent B . No, these

183、arentC.No, they arentD . Y es, these are43 . Whos ?一 is speaking, Mr. Wang.A . this; ThisB . that; ThatC . that; ThisD . this; That44 . Hello. This is speaking M a r y .?This is Lucy.A . Who are you?B . Who is that?C . Who is this?D . Who is it?45 . _ _ books yours?N o ,J a c k s .A . Is that ; they

184、reB . Is this ; itsC . Are those ; itsD . Are these ; theyre46 .The beaches in Hainan are better than inQingdao.A . ones B . thoseC . that D . which one47 . In this country, the population of the countryside ismuch smaller than of big cities .A . that B . ThisC . Those D . those48 . - Is that a rule

185、r?- No , .A . it is B . it isntC.that is D.that isn t49 . Is this an orange?Y es, .A . its B . its notC . it is D . is it50 . -Whats your phone number?- 8 8 6 - 9 9 8 8 .A . Im B . Hes C . ItsD . its51 . I think natural wonders are more interesting thanm a n -m a d e .A . it B . ThemC . thoseD . one

186、s52 . Ar e your sisters? No, arent.A . these; thoseB . these; theyC . those; theseD . they; these53 . The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are asbeautiful as of Xiangshan.A . it B . OneC . That D . those54 . Excuse me. Id like a ticket to Shanghai.Sorry. There is left.A . some B . anyC . none D .

187、every55 . There are so many people in the square, somepeople are dancing, and are singing.A . others B . the otherC.Other D.the others56 .We found _ difficult to communicate with that man.He is so strange.A . One B . this C . ItD . that57 . are you eating?一 Im eating meat.A . What, someB . Which, an

188、yC . Where, notD . What, a58 .there pork on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; anyC . Is; some D . Are; some59 .there beef on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; any C.ls; some D.Are; some60 . He doesnt like talking with others, so he has 一friends at school.There is _ milk in the fridge,I must buy some.A . a

189、 fewB . littleC . few D . a little61 . Susan, do you have a blue ruler?一Y es, I h a v e . And is in my pencil box.A . it; one B . one; one C . one; it D .it;it62 . Shall we go swimming this Sunday?Im afraid I wont be free. Lets make it day.A . the other B . OtherC . others D . another63 . How Japane

190、se do you know?I am sorry. I know about it. Its too difficult.A . many.few B . much,littleC.many,a fewD . much,a little64 . Lucy, could you get milk for me?一Mom, there i sn t .A . some, someB . any, anyC . any, someD . some, any65 . 一Would you like _ fish?一No. thanks. I want meat.A.some,a B . some,

191、anyC . any, any D . any, much1 . Lucy is not my c o u s i n . my sister.A . He B . Hes C . She D . Shes2 . Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?D . They are.E . Y es, they are.F . No, they not.D . They arent.3 . Are these your English books?. They are Mikes.B . No, these arentB . Y es, they areC . No,

192、 they arent4 . 一Who teaches 一French?Nobody, I learn it by.D . your; mineE . you; myselfF . your; myselfD . you; me5-Are those b o o k s ?一No, they are not mine. They belong t o.D . your; heE . yours; herF . your; hersD . yours; she6 . Who is Mr. Li?He is teacher and he teaches English.B . our; our B

193、 . us; usC . our; us D . us; our7 . John asked the old man to teach _ traditional waysof making paper.A . he B . Him C . HisD . himself8 .are in the same class.A . I and youB . Y ou and IC . Me and youD . Y ou and me9 . This is Helens room. The bed i s,A . hers B . Y oursC . mine D . his10 .Bob. Thi

194、s is pen.A . I, my B . Im, myC . My, my D . Im, I11 . Whats your brothers favourite colour?一 favourite colour is red.B . Him B . HerC . He D . His12 . Whats_ name?-is Dale.B . your, I B . his, HeC . her, She D . her, He13 .Life is dictionary, we should learn directlyfrom it.A . We B . UsC . Our D .

195、ours14 . Could you lend me your dictionary? I left athome.Of course.B . it B . Y oursC . One D . mine15 . He learned F r e n c h .A . on his ownB . on him ownC . in his ownD . in him own16 . Mary will cook meals for herself becausemother is not at home next week.A . her B . HersC . herself D . she17

196、 . Lucy did well in skating and her father wassurprised at daughters secret talent .A . your B . HisC . her D . my18 . Look at the girl over t h e r e . is my good friendand birthday is September 11th.A . He; his B . He; hesC.She; her D.She; shes19 .We should take good care of Mum when she isill.A .

197、 usB . OurC . Ours D . ourselves20.On way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet anold friend.A . My B . Her C . His D . their2 1. is J a c k . jacket is black.A . He ; He B . His ; He C . He ; His22 . Lam is often compared to Taiwanese ( 台湾)singerJay Chou because_ both write own songs and aredeveloping R&B

198、style.A . their.theirB . their.theyC . they.theirD . they.they23 .pen is blue. And is black.A . My; her B . My; his C . Me; hisD . Hers; mine24 . Is this Jims pencil?一 Y es, I think it s.B . mine B . Y oursC . his D . hers25 . Fangfang is in _ class. is _ good friend.A . my;She;lB . my;Her;myC . my;

199、She;myD . l;Her;my26 . Is this your schoolbag?一Y es, its.B . my B . MeC . mine D . I27 . is Lucy and _ name is Dale.A . She; he B . She; herC . She, his28 . Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over thereA . We B . Us C . our D . ours29 .room is not big but nice.A . Y oursB . HisC . Hers D . The

200、y30 . The dictionary i s n t , its _ .A . his, yourB . your, yoursC . hers, mineD . hes, his31 . Is this Lilys classroom, Mary?一No. It is c la s s ro o m .is over there.B . mine; Her B.my; HerC . my; Hers D . her; Mine32 . Is this Annas blue jacket ?Y es, it i s.B . His B . MineC . Hers D . yours33

201、. 一Is this your classroom, Mary?No. It is classroom. is over there.D . their; MineE . their; MyF . theirs; MyD . theirs; Mine34 .are b ro th e rs .fa m ily name is Black.A . Their; TheyB . Their; TheirC . They; TheirD . They; They35 . The book on the desk isnt mine. Is it ?A . yours B . Y ourselfC .

202、 you D . your36 .The deaf girl often uses body language to showfeelings.A . her B . she C . hers D . herself37 . These are our desks. Those desks a r e .A . her B . yoursC . your D . you38 .Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and are my parents.A . This B . that C . ItD . these39 . -What

203、s this in English?A . This is a pen.B . Its a pen.C . This is an pen.D . Its an pen.40 . Are those your ? Y es,.B . erasers; theyreB . eraser; it isC . eraser; itsD . erasers; they are41 . Hi, A lle n .is my friend, Tom.一Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.B . She B . ThatC . ItD . This42 . Are these Jeff

204、and Jack?B . Y es, they arent B . No, these arentC.No, they arentD . Y es, these are43 . Whos ?一 is speaking, Mr. Wang.D . this; ThisE . that; ThatF . that; ThisD . this; That44 . Hello. This is speaking M a r y .?This is Lucy.B . Who are you?B . Who is that?C . Who is this?D . Who is it?45 . _ book

205、s yours?N o ,J a c k s .D . Is that ; theyreE . Is this ; itsF . Are those ; itsD . Are these ; theyre46 .The beaches in Hainan are better than inQingdao.A . ones B . thoseC . that D . which one47 . In this country, the population of the countryside ismuch smaller than of big cities .A . that B . Th

206、isC . Those D . those48 . - Is that a ruler?- No , .B . it is B . it isntC.that is D.that isn t49 . Is this an orange?Y e s , .A . its B . its notC . it is D . is it50 . -Whats your phone number?-8 8 6 -9 9 8 8 .A . Im B . Hes C . ItsD . its51 . I think natural wonders are more interesting thanm a n

207、 -m a d e .A . it B . ThemC . those D . ones52 . - Ar e your sisters? No, arent.B . these; thoseB . these; theyC . those; theseD . they; these53 . The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are asbeautiful as of Xiangshan.A . it B . OneC . That D . those54 . Excuse me. Id like a ticket to Shanghai.一Sorr

208、y. There is left.B . some B . anyC . none D . every55 . There are so many people in the square, somepeople are dancing, and are singing.A . others B . the otherC.Other D.the others56 .We found _ difficult to communicate with that man.He is so strange.A . One B . this C . ItD . that57 . are you eatin

209、g?一 Im eating meat.D . What, someE . Which, anyF . Where, notD . What, a58 .there pork on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; anyC . Is; some D . Are; some59 .there_beef on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; any C.ls; some D.Are; some60 . He doesnt like talking with others, so he has _friends at school.There

210、 is _ milk in the fridge,I must buy some.A . a few B . littleC . few D . a little61 . 一Susan, do you have a blue ruler?一Y es, I h a v e . And is in my pencil box.A . it; one B . one; one C . one; it D .it;it62 . Shall we go swimming this Sunday?Im afraid I wont be free. Lets make it day.B . the othe

211、r B . OtherC . others D . another63 . How Japanese do you know?I am sorry. I know about it. Its too difficult.B . many,few B . much,littleC.many,a fewD . much,a little64 . 一 Lucy, could you get_milk for me?一Mom, there i sn t .D . some, someE . any, anyF . any, someD . some, any65 . Would you like _

212、fish?一No. thanks. I want meat.A.some,a B . some, anyC . any, any D . any, much1 . Lucy is not my c o u s i n . my sister.A . He B . Hes C . She D . Shes2 . Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?G . They are.H . Y es, they are.I . No, they not.D . They arent.3 . 一Are these your English books?_. They are

213、 Mikes.C . No, these arentB . Y es, they areC . No, they arent4 . 一Who teaches 一French?一Nobody, I learn it by.G . your; mineH . you; myselfI . your; myselfD . you; me5-Are those b o o k s ?一No, they are not mine. They belong t o.G . your; heH . yours; herI . your; hersD . yours; she6 . Who is Mr. Li

214、?He is teacher and he teaches English.C . our; our B . us; usC . our; us D . us; our7 . John asked the old man to teach _ traditional waysof making paper.A . he B . Him C . HisD . himself8 . are in the same class.A . I and youB . Y ou and IC . Me and youD . Y ou and me9 . This is Helens room. The be

215、d i s.A . hers B . Y oursC . mine D . his10 .Bob. This is pen.A . I, my B . Im, myC . My, my D . Im, I11 . Whats your brothers favourite colour?一 favourite colour is red.C . Him B . HerC . He D . His12 . Whats name?_is Dale.C . your, I B . his, HeC . her, She D . her, He13 .Life is dictionary, we sh

216、ould learn directlyfrom it.A . We B . UsC . Our D . ours14 . 一Could you lend me your dictionary? I left athome.Of course.C . it B . Y oursC . One D . mine15 . He learned F r e n c h .A . on his ownB . on him ownC . in his ownD . in him own16 . Mary w川 cook meals for herself becausemother is not at h

217、ome next week.A . her B . HersC . herselfD . she17 . Lucy did well in skating and her father wassurprised at daughters secret talent .A . your B . HisC . her D . my18 . Look at the girl over t h e r e . is my good friendand birthday is September 11th.A . He; his B . He; hesC.She; her D.She; shes19 .

218、We should take good care of Mum when she isill.A . us B . OurC . Ours D . ourselves20.On way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet anold friend.A . My B . Her C . His D . their21. is J a c k . jacket is black.A . He ; He B . His ; He C . He ; His22 . Lam is often compared to Taiwanese ( 台湾)singerJay Chou be

219、cause_ both write own songs and aredeveloping R&B style.A . their.theirB . their.theyC . they.theirD . they.they23 .pen is blue. And is black.A . My; her B . My; his C . Me; hisD . Hers; mine24 . Is this Jims pencil?一 Y es, I think it s.C . mine B . Y oursC . his D . hers25 . Fangfang is in _ class.

220、 is _ good friend.A . my;She;lB . my;Her;myC . my;She;myD . l;Her;my26 . Is this your schoolbag?一Y es, its.C . my B . MeC . mine D . I27 . is Lucy and _ name is Dale.A . She; he B . She; herC . She, his28 . Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over thereA . We B . Us C . our D . ours29 .room is

221、not big but nice.A . Y ours B . HisC . Hers D . They30 . The dictionary i s n t , its .A . his, yourB . your, yoursC . hers, mineD . hes, his31 . Is this Lilys classroom, Mary?No. It is classroom .is over there.C . mine; Her B.my; HerC . my; Hers D . her; Mine32 . Is this Annas blue jacket ?Y es, it

222、 i s.C . His B . MineC . Hers D . yours33 . Is this your classroom, Mary?一No. It is _ classroom. is over there.G . their; MineH . their; MyI . theirs; MyD . theirs; Mine34 .are brothers.fam ily name is Black.A . Their; TheyB . Their; TheirC . They; TheirD . They; They35 . The book on the desk isnt m

223、ine. Is it ?A . yours B . Y ourselfC . you D . your36 .The deaf girl often uses body language to showfeelings.A . her B . she C . hers D . herself37 . These are our desks. Those desks a r e .A . her B . yoursC . your D . you38 .Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and_ are my parents.A .

224、This B . that C . ItD . these39 . -Whats this in English?A . This is a pen.B . Its a pen.C . This is an pen.D . Its an pen.40 . Are those your _ ? Yes, .C . erasers; theyreB . eraser; it isC . eraser; itsD . erasers; they are41 . Hi, A lle n .is my friend, Tom.Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.C . She B

225、. ThatC . It D . This42 . Are these Jeff and Jack?C . Y es, they arent B . No, these arentC.No, they arentD . Y es, these are43 . Whos ?一 is speaking, Mr. Wang.G . this; ThisH . that; ThatI . that; ThisD . this; That44 . Hello. This is speaking M a r y .?This is Lucy.C . Who are you?B . Who is that?

226、C . Who is this?D . Who is it?45 . _ books yours?N o ,J a c k s .G . Is that ; theyreH . Is this ; itsI . Are those ; itsD . Are these ; theyre46 .The beaches in Hainan are better than inQingdao.A . onesB . thoseC . that D . which one47 . In this country, the population of the countryside ismuch sma

227、ller than of big cities .A . that B . ThisC . Those D . those48 . - Is that a ruler?- No , .C . it is B . it isntC.that is D.that isn t49 . Is this an orange? Y6S, .A . its B . its notC . it is D . is it50 . -Whats your phone number?- 8 8 6 - 9 9 8 8 .A . Im B . Hes C . ItsD . its51 . I think natura

228、l wonders are more interesting thanm a n -m a d e .A . it B . ThemC . those D . ones52 . - Are your sisters? No, arent.C . these; thoseB . these; theyC . those; theseD . they; these53 . The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are asbeautiful as of Xiangshan.A . it B . OneC . That D . those54 . Excuse

229、 me. Id like a ticket to Shanghai.Sorry. There is left.C . some B . anyC . none D . every55 . There are so many people in the square, somepeople are dancing, and are singing.A . others B . the otherC.Other D.the others56 .We found _ difficult to communicate with that man.He is so strange.A . One B .

230、 this C . ItD . that57 . are you eating?一 Im eating meat.G . What, someH . Which, anyI . Where, notD . What, a58 .there pork on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; anyC . Is; some D . Are; some59 . there beef on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; any C.ls; some D.Are; some60 . He doesnt like talking with oth

231、ers, so he has 一friends at school.There is _ milk in the fridge,I must buy some.A . a few B . littleC . few D . a little61 . Susan, do you have a blue ruler?一Y es, I h a v e . And is in my pencil box.A . it; one B . one; one C . one; it D .it;it62 . Shall we go swimming this Sunday?一Im afraid I wont

232、 be free. Lets make it day.C . the other B . OtherC . others D . another63 . How Japanese do you know?I am sorry. I know about it. Its too difficult.C . many,few B . much,littleC.many,a fewD . much,a little64 . Lucy, could you get milk for me?一Mom, there i sn t .G . some, someH . any, anyI . any, so

233、meD . some, any65 . 一Would you like _ fish?一No. thanks. I want meat.A.some.a B . some, anyC . any, any D . any, much1 . Lucy is not my c o u s i n . my sister.A . He B . Hes C . She D . Shes2 . Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?J . They are.K . Y es, they are.L . No, they not.D . They arent.3 . 一Ar

234、e these your English books?_ _ . They are Mikes.D . No, these arentB . Y es, they areC . No, they arent4 . Who teaches _French?Nobody, I learn it by.J . your; mineK . you; myselfL . your; myselfD . you; me5-Are those books_ ?一No, they are not mine. They belong toJ . your; heK . yours; herL . your; h

235、ersD . yours; she6 . Who is Mr. Li?He is_ teacher and he teaches English.D . our; our B . us; usC . our; us D . us; our7 . John asked the old man to teach _ traditional ways ofmaking paper.A . he B . Him C . HisD . himself8 . are in the same class.A . I and youB . Y ou and IC . Me and youD . Y ou an

236、d me9 . This is Helens room. The bed i s.A . hers B . Y oursC . mineD . his10 . _Bob. This is pen.A . I, my B . Im, myC . My, my D . Im, I11 . Whats your brothers favourite colour?一 favourite colour is red.D . Him B . HerC . He D . His12 . 一 Whats_name?-is Dale.D . your, I B . his, HeC . her, She D

237、. her, He13 . Life is dictionary, we should learn directly from it.A . We B . UsC . Our D . ours14 . Could you lend me your dictionary? I left_at home.Of course.D . it B . Y oursC . One D . mine15 . He learned F r e n c h .A . on his ownB . on him ownC . in his ownD . in him own16 . Mary will cook m

238、eals for herself because mother is notat home next week.A . her B . HersC . herself D . she17 . Lucy did well in skating and her father was surprised at_daughters secret talent .A . your B . HisC . her D . my18 . Look at the girl over t h e r e . is my good friend andbirthday is September 11th.A . H

239、e; his B . He; hesC.She; her D.She; shes19 . We should take good care of_Mum when she is ill.A . us B . OurC . Ours D . ourselves20.On way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet an old friend.A . My B . Her C . His D . their2 1 _ is Jack._ jacket is black.A . He ; He B . His ; He C . He ; His22 .Lam is often

240、 compared to Taiwanese ( 台湾)singer Jay Choubecause_ both write_ own songs and are developing R&Bstyle.A . their.theirB . their.theyC . they.theirD . they.they23 .pen is blue. And_is black.A . My; her B . My; his C . Me; hisD . Hers; mine24 . 一 Is this Jims pencil?一 Y es, I think it s.D . mine B . Y

241、oursC . his D . hers25 . Fangfang is in _ class. _ is _ good friend.A . my;She;lB . my;Her;myC . my;She;myD . l;Her;my26 . 一Is this your schoolbag?一Y es, its.D . my B . MeC . mine D . I27 . _ is Lucy and _ name is Dale.A . She; he B . She; herC . She, his28 . Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books

242、 over there areA . We B . Us C . our D . ours29 .room is not big but nice.A . Y oursB . HisC . Hers D . They30 . The dictionary isnt_ , its .A . his, yourB . your, yoursC . hers, mineD . hes, his31 . Is this Lilys classroom, Mary?No. It is_ classroom._is over there.D . mine; Her B.my; HerC . my; Her

243、s D . her; Mine32 . 一Is this Annas blue jacket ?Y es, it is_.D . His B . MineC . Hers D . yours33 . Is this your classroom, Mary?一No. It is _ classroom. _ is over there.J . their; MineK . their; MyL . theirs; MyD . theirs; Mine34 . _are brothers._family name is Black.A . Their; TheyB . Their; TheirC

244、 . They; TheirD . They; They35 . The book on the desk isnt mine. Is it _ ?A . yours B . Y ourselfC . you D . your36 .The deaf girl often uses body language to show_feelings.A . her B . she C . hers D . herself37 . These are our desks. Those desks are_.A . her B . yoursC . your D . you38 . Look at th

245、e photo of my family. This is my aunt and _ aremy parents.A . This B . that C . ItD . these39 . -Whats this in English?A . This is a pen.B . Its a pen.C . This is an pen.D . Its an pen.40 . 一 Are those your _ ? Y es,.D . erasers; theyreB . eraser; it isC . eraser; itsD . erasers; they are41 . 一Hi, A

246、llen._ is my friend, Tom.一Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.D . She B . ThatC . It D . This42 . Are these Jeff and Jack?D . Y es, they arent B . No, these arentC.No, they arentD . Y es, these are43 . Whos ?一_is speaking, Mr. Wang.J . this; ThisK . that; ThatL . that; ThisD . this; That44 . Hello. This is

247、 speaking Mary._?This is Lucy.D . Who are you?B . Who is that?C . Who is this?D . Who is it?45 . _ books yours?N o ,J a c k s .J . Is that ; theyreK . Is this ; itsL . Are those ; itsD . Are these ; theyre46 . The beaches in Hainan are better than inQingdao.A . ones B . thoseC . that D . which one47

248、 . In this country, the population of the countryside is muchsmaller than_ of big cities .A . that B . ThisC . Those D . those48 . - Is that a ruler?- No_ .D . it is B . it isntC.that is D.that isn t49 . 一Is this an orange?Y es, .A . itsB . its notC . it is D . is it50 . -Whats your phone number?-8

249、8 6 -9 9 8 8 .A . Im B . Hes C . ItsD . its51 .I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-madeA . it B . ThemC . those D . ones52 . - Are your sisters? No, arent.D . these; thoseB . these; theyC . those; theseD . they; these53 . The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are as beautiful asof

250、 Xiangshan.A . itB . OneC . That D . those54 . Excuse me. Id like a ticket to Shanghai.一Sorry. There is_left.D . some B . anyC . none D . every55 . There are so many people in the square, some people aredancing, and are singing.A . others B . the otherC.Other D.the others56 .We found _ difficult to

251、communicate with that man. He is sostrange.A . One B . this C . ItD . that57 . 一 _are you eating?一Im eating meat.J . What, someK . Which, anyL . Where, notD . What, a58_ there_pork on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; anyC . Is; some D . Are; some59 . _there_beef on the table?A . Is; any B . Are; any C

252、.ls; some D.Are; some60 . He doesnt like talking with others, so he has _ friends atschool.There is _ milk in the fridge,I must buy some.A . a few B . littleC . few D . a little61 . Susan, do you have a blue ruler?一Y es, I have_ . And_ is in my pencil box.A . it; one B . one; one C . one; it D .it;i

253、t62 . Shall we go swimming this Sunday?Im afraid I wont be free. Lets make it day.D . the other B . OtherC . others D . another63 . How Japanese do you know?I am sorry. I know_ about it. Its too difficult.D . many,few B . much,littleC.many,a fewD . much,a little64 . Lucy, could you get_milk for me?一Mom, there i sn t .J . some, someK . any, anyL . any, someD . some, any65 . Would you like _ fish?一No. thanks. I want_ meat.A.some,a B . some, anyC . any, anyD . any, much

展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 建筑/环境 > 施工组织

电脑版 |金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号