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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解（定语从句讲解（）1 1学习目标：学习目标：1明确并理解概念：定语从句，关系词。明确并理解概念：定语从句，关系词。2掌握关系词的功能并能准确灵活运用。掌握关系词的功能并能准确灵活运用。2 2思考一：什么是定语从句思考一：什么是定语从句 ？ 什么是先行词？什么是先行词？ 什么是关系词？什么是关系词？ 关系词的功能是什么？关系词的功能是什么？3 3The car that is under the tree is mine.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰，修饰名词的从句名词的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充
2、当成分在从句中充当成分后后3指代先行词指代先行词树下的树下的那辆车是我的。那辆车是我的。thatThe car4 4 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。行词的后面。1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass 先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.2. The woman (whom you saw in
3、the park) is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句:The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom5 5思考二：引导定语从句的引导词有思考二：引导定语从句的引导词有哪些？哪些？6 6 组成成分：组成成分： 先行词先行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 关系代词与关系副词关系代词与关系副词 关系代词关系代词: 指人指人:who(主格主格),whom(宾格宾格),whose(所有格所有格) 指物指物:which(主主格格,宾格宾格),whose(所有格所有格) 指人或物指人或物:that as 关系副词关系副词:
4、 when, where, why7 7思考三思考三 关系词与先行词的关系词与先行词的 关系？关系？8 8关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe ladywe saw yesterday is Green Who/that9 9关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There a
5、re many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1010先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose pa
6、rents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的实际上是先行词的所有格所有格总结总结1111归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,指物，作主语或宾语。 who
7、, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books_ int
8、erested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/ / /who/thatwhom/that/ / /that1212Fill in the blanks.1. I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3. The factory _ we will visit is large.4. The factory _ his father works is large.5.
9、Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6. This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.1313Join two sentences into one: The boy is my brother. He helped me
10、.1. The boy who helped me is my brother. The film is interesting. They saw it last night. 2. The film they saw last night is interesting. The students will not pass the exam. They dont work hard.3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.14141. That book that you want it is on the desk
11、. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开15151.Ill never forget
12、 the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when whichwherewhichwhythat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物
13、动词及物动词及物动词及物动词1616The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解定语从句讲解（）学习目标：学习目标：1解读考纲，明确考点。解读考纲，明确考点。2掌握并准确运用定语从句。掌握并准确运用定语从句。3学习掌握非限制定语从句。学习掌握非限制定语从句。1717考纲解读：考纲解读：定语从句的考查要点：定语从句的考查要点：1关系词的使用，特别是关系词的使用，特别是which,that,when,where等。等。2介词和关系词连用时，介词的选用。介词和关系词连用时，介词的选用。3以以as引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。4只用只用that的情况。的情况。5只用只用which的情况
14、。的情况。6定语从句与强调句型的区别。定语从句与强调句型的区别。1818定语从句定语从句200820081212200920091515201020101111考点分布考点分布1919命题趋势命题趋势高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，试题将着重对定语从句中相关基试题将着重对定语从句中相关基础知识的考察。础知识的考察。2020突破方法：突破方法：1从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的思维能力。如不能形成这种形成纯正的思维能力。如不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去
15、解决英语思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。问题，大量失误是在所难免的。2加强对非限制定语从句的学习。在平加强对非限制定语从句的学习。在平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的将典型的从句分门别类，整理建档，以从句分门别类，整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。备考前复习巩固。2121定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句2222限制性定
16、语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for .I visited the factory where my father works.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词先行词先行词 之后之后,用陈述式语序用陈述式语序“.的的”关系词关系词1.从句位置及语序从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成构成2323非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The town ,
17、where I live, is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers ,who are kind ,are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式形式形式作用作用作用作用能否省略能否省略能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译翻译翻译限制性定限制性定限制性定限制性定语从句语从句语从句语从句非限制性非限制性非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充
18、解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的2424Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果心地善良的老师受学生欢迎。心地善良的老师受学生欢迎。（说明老师有很多类型）（说明老师有很多类型）限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略王老师受学生欢迎，他心地善良。王老师受学生欢迎，他心地善良。他指代明确他指代明确2525His brot
19、her who is a soldier is coming next week.His brother ,who is a soldier ,is coming next week.2626非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are te
20、achers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.which2727考点一考点一that 和和which2828That 和和which只用只用thatthat不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况1 1）先行词为先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothinall,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theg,none,the one, o
21、ne,等等 eg.welleg.well do all that we could do to help you. do all that we could do to help you.2)2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneall,every,no,some,any,little,much,one of,theof,the only,theonly,the very,thevery,the right,theright,the last, few ,just last, few ,just修饰修饰时。时。This train is
22、the last train that will go to This train is the last train that will go to beijingbeijing. .29293) 先行词前有序数词和形容词最高级修饰时This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read.4)先行词既有人又有物的时候。The people and the happy time that I had in that village influnced me a lot.5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个用that。T
23、hey secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.30306)当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语的。Shanghai is no longer the city that used to be.7)当先行词为集体名词时，多用that引导。He wants to join the team that won the game.31311.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.wh
24、ether2Is there anything else_you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whomA B BB32325.There is no dictionary_you can fin
25、d . A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books_.This is the only one of the best books_ A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written AAB33337.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.where8.Is oxygen the
26、 only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belongBAB343410.The scientist and his achievements_ you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him
27、 is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whoseBC3535只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况1)1)在非限制定语从句中。在非限制定语从句中。2)2)动词短语中的介词提前时。动词短语中的介词提前时。This is the house This is the house in whichin which Lu Lu XunXun once lived. once lived.3)3)先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时。时。What is thatWhat is that which which flashed in the sky jus
28、t now.flashed in the sky just now.4)4)引导词后面有插入语的情况。引导词后面有插入语的情况。Here is the book which, Here is the book which, as you knowas you know, I like best., I like best.3636先行词是指人的不定代词时，连接词只用先行词是指人的不定代词时，连接词只用who不用不用that的情况的情况1)先行词是指人的不定代词one,anyone ,no one, all,nobody,anybody,none,those.People all like th
29、ose who have good manners.2)There be 结构中There is a Mr.Wang who wants to see you.3) 先行词与关系词相距较远时The man is coming who wants to see you.注意注意3737考点二考点二 as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句3838as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is
30、 round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,3939as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:
31、这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。4040as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the followi
32、ng sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)4141As 和which4242注意注意:as,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换二者可以互换.主句与从句有因果时用主句与从句有因果时用whichas引导的从句可以放在句首。引导的从句可以放在句首。as本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”.一类的一类的含义含义.与之连用的词有与之连
33、用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等等.在在thesameassuch.as.中中as引导的是限制性定语从引导的是限制性定语从句句.43431._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediat
34、ely . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.asDACD44445.It was raining,_was a pity. A.what B.that C.the which D.which6._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As7.We do the same work_they do. A.which B.as C.
35、than D.like8.The earth is round,_we all know. A.that B.which C.who D. asDDBD4545考点三考点三 介词介词+关系代词的定语从句关系代词的定语从句4646介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toinA 与谓语动词的搭配习惯4747 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2I still remember the day when I came here.This
36、is the house where I lived last year.on the day =whenin the house= where=on which=in whichB与先行词的搭配关系4848与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.
37、m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby which4949与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfr
38、om whichabout which5050注意注意表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。1) There are 100 teachers in our school, _60 are women teachers.2) He has three children, two _ work asteachers.3) That table has four legs, all _ arevery short.4) Im painting a house, the roof _ isround.Im painting a house whose roof i
39、s.5) They live in a house ,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house, the windows_ face south. of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof which5151考点四考点四.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代指代sentences,谓语动词用谓语动词用a
40、re)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代指代I,谓语用谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。他是唯一被表扬的学生。5252考点五考点五易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1.定语从句与同位语从句定语
41、从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。等。that在定语从句中在定语从句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which或或who/whom代替；而代替；而that在同位在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：试比较：Weallhaveh
42、eardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，同位语从句，that从句表示从句表示news的内容，的内容，that在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，定语从句，that作作told的宾语的宾语)53532.定语从句与状语从句。定语从句与状语从句。试比较：试比较：Heleftthekeywhereithadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewhe
43、rehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此如此以致以致”)54543定语从句与主语从句。定语从句与主语从句。试比较：试比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首引导定语从句，指
44、代整个主句内容，可置于句首)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句)4定语从句与强调结构定语从句与强调结构。试比较：。试比较：ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehou
45、se.)55551.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x5.Who_
46、hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas分析：先行词是分析：先行词是who，到是指人，可为了避免重复，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用不用who，而用能指代，而用能指代人的人的that。答案是。答案是A。56567.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich分析：答案是分析：答案是B。这里的。这里的time不指时间，而是次数。不指时间，而是次数。且先行词且先行词time被被thelast所修饰所修饰,所以用所以用that引导。引导。8.Idontlik
47、etheway_youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9._haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.A.ThosewhoB.HewhoC.ThatwhoD.Youwho10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where6.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceive
48、daseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated注：注：havetrouble(difficult)doingsth5757难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students关系词关系
49、词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格5858难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken5959Bye bye! Bye bye!Bye bye! Bye bye!6060
