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1、成考英语成考英语本科答题技巧及复习大纲一、试卷题型构成语音知识 词汇与语法知识 完形填空 阅读理解 补全对话 书面表达 语音知识题目要求题目要求:找出读音不同的选项答题技巧:答题技巧:记忆单词,记忆拼读规则,但由于单词记忆量大,记忆难度大,建议把时间用在可多拿分的题目上。词汇与语法知识题目要求题目要求:选最佳的一项,常说的单选题答题技巧答题技巧:分析近几年的命题方向,常考的语法有:时态(现在完成时)、非谓语、固定词组搭配、近义词组辨析和复合句等。掌握以上命题方向和常用的一些词组搭配就可以了。各类词性名词名词:人名,地名等 考察点:可数(单复数),所有格 1.可数:复数变换形式(s、es、改y为
2、i加es) 单数用is,复数用are 例:There is a pen on the desk.(桌上有一支笔) There are two pens on the desk.(桌上有2支笔) 2.所有格:变换形式:在名词后加s /s、of +名词 (某人的某样东西) 例: my fathers desk (我爸爸的书桌) my friends bags (我朋友们的包) Lily and Toms book (两人共有) Lilys and Toms books(Lily的书和Tom的书) the window of the house(房子的窗户)冠冠 词词冠词:a/an , the, /
3、(零冠词) I.加定冠词the的情况:1、人名前 (课本P24 短语) 2、地名前 3、乐器前 II.零冠词的情况: 1、三餐前 (课本P25 短语) 2、节日前 3、学科前 4、球类运动,棋类游戏前例:He likes playing the the piano, but he doesnt like playing 不填不填 football.代 词数词:表示数量的词 基数词:one, two, three, four 序数词:first, second, third, fourth 百:hundred 千:thousand 介词和连词: 介词:in, on, at (课本P131 ) 连
4、词:and, but形容词与副词以以 ly 结尾的多尾的多为副副词形容词副词的比较级和最高级(形容词副词的比较级和最高级(变换规则:课本P52-53 表格)1. 比较级比较级:看到than 一定用比较级 比较级的5种常见形式: More than Much more than More and more. The more, the more As much as 2. 最高级最高级:The most (of) 最高级一定有冠词the 例: 1. He is much harder than anyone else. 2. The house is smaller than yours. 3.
5、 The harder you try, the more you get. 4. Amanda is as great as Michael in math. 5. Taylor becomes more and more famous in China. 6. Danny is the tallest boy in the class.完形填空题目要求题目要求:根据内容,选每题的最佳选项。答题技巧答题技巧:这个题型相对比较难,考察英语的综合应用能力。多数考一些固定短语的搭配。但有时候不会简单将短语呈现,而是添加了一些词来阻扰答题。答题顺序可以是:第一遍是通读;第二遍是边读边选;第三遍是再调
6、整。 阅读理解题目要求:题目要求:根据短文,回答问题答题技巧:答题技巧:这是个决定分数的重点题型。方法就是先看题目,带着问题去读文章,先找到题目的所在,答案一般来说不是在后两句就是在前两句。这种方法答题,既节省时间,准确率又高。有几个规律大家要掌握:有几个规律大家要掌握:A如果篇幅长段落多,那么一般是一个题目对应一个自 然段,了解这个规律,迅速定位答案位置,解题没有 问题;如果篇幅短小,则可以先通读全文,再做题。 B.常在第一或者最后一题出现判断主题思想一类的问题, 回答这类题,答案一定不要选择太具体,往往文章 的第一句或最后一段已经点明主题。常常这样提问: What is the passa
7、ge about? The main idea of this passage? The best title of this passage?C还有判断正误的题目,如:Which of the following is TRUE(正正 确确) of the passage? Which of the following is FALSE(错误)(错误)of the passage? 这个题型必须有充分的时间 和足够的耐心才能保证准确。 补全对话题目要求:题目要求:根据所给选项及上下文,选出相对应的英语常用表达句。(8选5)答题技巧:答题技巧:这个题目比较容易。方法就是先通读选项和对话,了解大
8、意。做题时要重点看标点符号,结合大意选出合适的选项,做完后再通读全文,看是否符合对话逻辑。这是个送分的题目,一定要拿下。 书面表达题目要求:题目要求:根据所给内容写文章(回信为主)答题技巧:答题技巧:针对不同的作文的类型,要不同的复习,比如说怎么样去写书信,近几年专科考试的作文就是书信。书信就要注意开头、结尾、日期等等怎么写,现在降低了难度,出题人已经给出。题目一般都会给出简单的汉语提示,把它翻成英文问题就不大了。方法如下:方法如下:A. 分析中文提示中需要直接表述和需要拓 展的内容,可以简单的写一个草稿B. 进行中英语言的转换C. 进行内容的扩展D. 短文合成值得注意的是段首句比较重要。围绕
9、这个主题意思,只要内容不跑,再写简单句就可以了。建议大家简单去练上几个题目,知道怎么写,注意事项等。 二.重点语法 动词八大时态被动语态虚拟语气非谓语动词八大时态一般过去时 did 现在时 do / does 将来时 will do / be going to do 过去完成时 had done 现在完成时 have / has done过去进行时 was / were doing 现在进行时 be doing过去将来时 would / should do E.g.Yesterday we went to the park. 一般过去时一般过去时 关键词:关键词:wentTom gets up
10、 early every morning. 一般现在时一般现在时 关键词:关键词:gets (第三人称单数加第三人称单数加S)Tom will help you tomorrow. 一般将来时一般将来时 关键词:关键词:will helpThree days ago he had already finished his homework. 过去完成时过去完成时 关键词:关键词:had finishedWe have done our homework . 现在完成时现在完成时 关键词:关键词: have done The dog was eating a bone. 过去进行时过去进行时 关
11、键词:关键词:was eatingTom is reading a book. 现在进行时现在进行时 关键词:关键词:is readingShe said she would play piano the next Sunday. 过去将来时过去将来时 关键词:关键词: said would play the next SundayExercise:I will tell him as soon as he back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 答案:B 主将从现,第三人称单数The boy English on the radio when
12、I his door. A. learned was opening B. was learning opened C. learned opened D. is learning open 答案: B 前后时态应一致,都应该跟过去相关时态有关。 由于开门为短暂性动词,所以只能用一般过去时 opened. 学英语为长久性动作,所以用过去进行时 was learning.I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. A. go go B. am goinggo C. goam going D. am goingam going 答案: B 前面为计划将要去
13、电影院,用一般将来时。后面指出每周天都去,表示一个习惯的动作,用一般现在时。 被动语态基本表达方法:be done (by)例句: 主动句 I hit the ball. 被动句 The ball was hit by me. Exercise:21. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 答案:B 被动态,后为固定短语,所以of 需保留22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the buil
14、ding. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given 答案:A 现在完成时被动态,被允许23. I ten minutes to decide if I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 答案:B 被动态,被给时间虚拟语气E.g.If I had time, I would attend the meetingIf he had hurried, he could have caught the train.If I were to
15、go abroad, I would go to America.Exercise:It is advisable that we our competitors to know anything about our new production line. A. do not permit B. with not permit C. not permit D. have not permit 答案:C 在句型 “It is important (necessary, advisable, strange, natural, impossible) that . ” 中,that后面的从句中的
16、谓语动词用:(should) + 动词原形。否定词应该放在should 的后面,省略should后,则为not +动词原形 If it _another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see 答案:A 与过去事实相反,根据 would have been called off 可以判断出,所以选择 had rained.“Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.” “You h
17、er last week.” A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 答案:D should have done 本该做什么却没做非谓语动词不定式 to do 动名词 doing分词 doing / done (前后主语一致用doing, 不一致用done)E.g.To be or not to be, that is a question.Seeing is believing.Waiting on the station, he meet his friend.Given more time,
18、 I will finish the job. Exercise:We agreed here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 答案: C agreed 之后只能跟 to do,meet 发生在agree之后, 不能用完成时。 home, he began to telephone the hospital. A. Return B. Returned C. Returning D. To return 答案:C 前后主语一致,用doing形式。_ f
19、rom the hill, the river looks more beautiful. A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. Seen 答案:D 前后主语不一致, 用done 形式。 三、常用词汇(与语法连用,常用于单选和完型填空)虚拟语气虚拟语气 宾语从句:order,demand,require,request,direct,command,urge,rule,suggest,advise,vote,propose, move,recommend,prefer,decide,insist,desire,decree 主语从句:vital,important,ess
20、ential,imperative,obligatory,necessary,unnecessary,impossible,sad,strange,natural,advisable,fitting,proper,appropriate,desirable 不定式通常只接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词:通常只接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词:agree,attempt,claim,decide demand,ask,hesitate,beg ,fail,care,consent,promise,desire,hope,intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pre
21、tend,strive,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend,afford,wish,want,seem ,struggle,swear,threaten,wait,undertake,venture,seek ,resolve,aim,determine,endeavor,apply,claim,pledge,pretend,profess,refuse,volunteer,vow,happen ,guarantee,neglect,proceed,prove,condescend,consent,trouble,bother(negative)
22、,care(negative),choose,fail, etc用于动词用于动词+宾语宾语+不定式结构的常考动词不定式结构的常考动词: force,hire,tell,require,teach,warn ,allow,ask,inform,beg,convince,expect,invite,order,permit,promise,instruct,prepare,urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,dare,forbid,like,challenge,request,get,need ,oblige,encourage,enable,compel,recom
23、mend,declare,prove,command,encourage,enable,lead,press,etc 其他用于用于be+形容形容词+不定式不定式结构的常考形容构的常考形容词: anxious,boring,dangerous,pleased,hard,eager,easy,fortunate,strange,good,ready,usual,prepared,surprised,common,useless,asked,lucky,difficult,likely satisfied,careful,sure,glad,bored,certain,etc用于名用于名词+不定式不
24、定式结构的常考名构的常考名词:failure,offer,plan,ability,decision,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,honor,capacity,wish,pleasure,opportunity,demand,way ,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise,etc.后面跟省去后面跟省去“to”的不定式作的不定式作宾补的常考的常考动词: :see, watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel ,get,make,have,let ,help,bid,kno
25、w,look at ,smell,etc简单从句 关系词:When 时间 Where 地点 What 事件/事物 How 方式方法 That 指物/人 Which 哪一个 whose 谁的 who 谁(主语) whom 谁(宾语) why 为什么(表原因)例句:1.Who is the man you just shook hands with? 刚才跟你握手的男士是谁? 2.When you come into your room, youd better turn on the light at night. 当你晚上进入你房间的时候,你最好把灯打开。 3.My granny found
26、her wallet where she left it. 我奶奶在她掉钱包的地方把钱包找到了。 4.That is the reason why I came to school late. 那就是我迟到的原因。 5. He talks like the man that he was 20 years ago. 他说话的方式像他20年前那样。It 句 型 It 做形式主语 例:It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们要成功,这是可以肯定的事。 It is important for us to protect the environment. 对我们来
27、说,保护环境是很重要的。 It 做形式宾语 例:We found it necessary to buy a map. 我们发现买个地图是很必要的。完型填空例题讲解 p211/ex.11. in many ways 在许多方面2. be harmful 有害, do harm to对有害3. too 也(放句末), also 也(放句中)4. sometimes有时, some time 一段时间, sometime 某个时候, some times 几倍5. for sure 确定,肯定 begin (原型) began(过去时) begun(过去分词)6. interesting 有趣的,
28、interesting old stories 古老而又有趣的故事 for the first time 第一次7. tell about 讲述8. go up to 到达,进入9. bring down 带下来完型填空例题讲解 p211/ex.110. how to make a fire 如何生火, how to do 如何做某事 match 火柴(名词),匹配(动词)11. play with 与玩耍12. a piece of paper 一张纸13. a small fire 一团小火苗(没有特指所以用不定冠词)14. be careful with 小心 (前面出现must,所以后
29、面用be, must be 的用法) 15. without 没有(介词) cover with 用遮盖, in an emergency 在紧急情况下 keep away from 远离, be careless with 忽视阅读理解例题讲解 p236/ex.11.正误题,遇到这类题目,静下心,在文中找出答案选项的句子,依次判断。2. 在文中找到关键词demanding pet,根据文章内容选择。3. 在文中找到关键词under three months old,根据文章内容选择。4. 在文中找到划线单词,根据文章内容选择。阅读理解例题讲解 p236/ex.1 短文包含的短语:短文包含的短
30、语:1.as 作为,companion 同伴,some time 一段时间, in their lives 在他们的生活中2.think of 考虑,sort 种类,in the surrounding在周围的环境中3.be useful to 有用/有效, the most suitable 最合适的(最高级)4.in part 部分, depend on 根据, common sense 常识5.for example 例如, be ready to do 准备去做某事6.a great deal of 大量的,live in 住在,demanding 有需求的7.be satisfact
31、ory with 对满足,be loyal to 对忠诚 master 主人,consequently 因此,proof 证明,affection 情感8.so that 以至于, established 建立 until直到, tooto 太以至于, bring out 带出去补全对话例题讲解 p259/ex.1 根据第一句内容可知询问今晚有何打算今晚有何打算1.根据A的回答,推断出B是问对方你的打算是什么?所以选F2.根据下句A的肯定回答,推断B应该是问能否一起去。所以选C3.根据下句A的7:30的回答,推断B是在询问时间。所以选E4.根据下句A的有关地点的回答,推断B在询问地点。所以选A(A与H比较,A更合适)5.根据B的see you then,推断A的回答为see you。所以选B