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1、名词性从句( 复合句)一、主语从句1、语序：主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。2. 连接词的选用(1) that和 what的选用that和 what都可引导主语从句。w hat除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语 宾语或表语。而 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。(2) i f 和 whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用i f , 只能用whethero(3) 其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接
2、作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。(4) whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。Eg: Whoever breaks the law should be punished.( 主语从句)= Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.Whoever breaks the law,
3、 he should be punished.( 让步状语从句)=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.3.it构成的主语从句(1) 由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。谓语是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, beones hope, be likely等词或短语。需要注意的是，i t 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和a s 引导的定语从句的区别。用于 It is suggested / required
4、/ ordered / demanded that.句型中， 动词为表示命令 建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用 should +动词原形” , should可以省略。It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。( 2 ) 常见用i t 作形式主语的复合句结构l .)It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news.)that.2 .)It is necess
5、ary (clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible /likely.) that.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“(should) +动词原形、即要用虚拟语气3 .)It is reported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/believed/decided/suggested/ordered.) that.4 .)It seems(happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / .that.4 句式用形
6、式主语i t 引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：It is said that.据说. . . It is reported that. 据报导. . .It is well known that. 众所周知. . . It is announced that.据宣布. . .It is believed that. 人们相信. . . It is thought that. 人们认为. . .It is understood that.自不待言. . . It must be pointed out that. 必须指出. . .It must be admitte
7、d that.必须承认. . . 否定转移1)将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine , seem, appear 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定 式 否定前移 。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。2)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Eg: I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having.)5. 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词
8、性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“ 主语+系动词+表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that. . 和It is because 等结构。二、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1 .同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导2 .同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开3 .同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作
9、某个成分( 主语或宾语) ，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。三、宾语从句1. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1 ) 由 that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。2 ) 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 w
10、hen, where, why,how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。3）由 i f 或 whether引导的宾语从句。I f 和 whether在句中的意思是“ 是否” 。2 . 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序3 . 宾语从句的时态1） 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（ 一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时名词性从句练习题单选he made it without anyoneC. I
11、t;how. D. It; that.the earth cooled down, water began to1. has caused great confusion iselses help.A. What;that. B. What;how.2._ _ is even more important isappear on its surface.A. When; that; when B. What; whether; asC. What; that; as D. It; whether; as3. are playing an important part is well known
12、 to us all.A. That who B. Those who4. Has it been announced ?A. when are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take off5. -made her ashamed of herself?-the lowest mark in her class.A. What; Because she gotC. What was it that; That she got6. made me more unhappy wasC. Who that D. WhoB. tha
13、t are the planes to take offD. when the planes are to take offB. Was it what; GettingD. What was it that; Getthe boy asked my friend to be hisgirlfriend and she agreed.A. What; that B. That; that C. What; whether D. It; that7. It is a rule in his family that comes home first should cook thedinner.A.
14、 anybody B. who C. whoever D. who that8. you don*t like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether9. we may find interesting is that it usually takes more to be polite.A. That B. What C. Which D. /10. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. Why B. That C. Which D. Wh
15、at11. his failure lies is expected clear to us.A. What. to make B. How. madeC. Where. to be made D. Why. making12. excited Jenny most was she finally succeeded inseemed to be the most difficult exam to him.A. That; that; which B. What; that; whatC. That; because; that D. What; because; which13. is k
16、nown to us all is that Johnson broke his p r o mi s e hewould come to help me as soon as possible.A. It; that B. What; that C. As; which D. What; which14. surprised me most was _ the girl passed the driver test.A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why15. is known to all is that the eart
17、h is smaller than the sun.A. As B. What C. It D. Which16. has not been decided next.A. How to do B. What to do next C. To do what D. To do how17. We believe you have been devoted to naturally ofgreat necessity.A. that; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is18 . You will never guess .A. w
18、ho am I waiting for B. what has happenedC. how can she help me D. where did I go19. 一Hey, you look worried. Whafs up?一Im not sureA. that can I pass the exam or notB. If I can pass the exam or notC. Whether I can pass the exam or not20. Doctor, it s e e ms you like to work with animals.一 Yes, we s h
19、o u l d animals as our friends.A. that; regard B. what; be regardedC. that; be regarded D. what; regard21. You have spent too much time playing computer games. Thats youreyes hurt.A. why B. how C. what D. when22. It is still unknown how AI （ 人工智能） the way of our life as wellas the world.A. change B.
20、 changed C. will change D. was changing23. _ breaks the school windows will be in for trouble.A. Whoever B. Who C. Which D. Whose24. 一Fil have a ten-day holiday. But I donrt know .一How about Paris?A. when to go B. where to go C. what to do25 . That is we were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D.
21、 what26 . doesnt matter you come or not.A. That; whether B. It; whether C. That; if D. It; if27. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.A. which; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which28. Is this school _ they visited the o
22、ther day?A. that B. which C. where D. the one29. Could you tell me yesterday afternoon?A. when the school sports meeting endedB. when did the school sports meeting endC. when the school sports meeting endsD. when does the school sports meeting end30. is known to all is that the earth is smaller than
23、 the sun.A. As B. What C. It D. Which【 拔高题】31. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood hesaid meant.A. that B. what C. that that D. what what32. After had happened he could not continue to work there.A. which B. how C. what D. having【 分析】最佳答案选C o33. He pointed to looked like a
24、tomb and said, “Ghost.”A. that B. what C. which D. asB34. “Is you want to say?” asked the teacher.A. this B. thatC. all that D. that all35. When leave for Japan? “When leave fbr Japan is keptsecret.A. they will, will they B. will they, they willC. they will, they will D. will they, will they答案：BCDDC
25、 ACCBD CBBCB BDBCA ACABC BCDAB3 1 .【 分析】正确答案选D o第 一 w h at用作动词m eant的宾语，第二个 what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what hesaid meant 中 ,none of us understood 为主句,what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有what he said这样一主语从句32.C33.B3 4 .最佳答案选D o假若选A或B ,那么转换成陈述句即为：This is youwant to say. / That is you want to say .显然句中的两个谓语动词is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是Is that all you want to say ?其中的th a t为句子主语，a ll为表语，you want to s a y为定语从句，用以修饰all35.B
