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1、20112011 年硕士研究生入学考试年硕士研究生入学考试英语英语( (二二) ) 真题及参考答案真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and markA， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom ofspee
2、ch. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime thathas 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2bringing safety and security to a world that seemsincreasingly 3？Last month， Howard Schmidt， the nations cyber-czar， offered the federalgovernment a 4 to make the Web a safer pl
3、ace-a voluntary trusted identity systemthat would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key， a fingerprint and a photo ID card ， allrolled 6 one. The system might use asmart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to aspecific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea
4、is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Usercould 9 which system to join， and only registered users whose identities have beenauthenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that wouldrequire an Internet drivers license10by the government.Google and Micro
5、soft are among companies that already have thesesingle sign-onsystems that make it possible for users to11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a walled garden n cyberspace， with safeneighborhoods and bright streetlights to establish a sense of a13 community.Mr. Sc
6、hmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystem in which individuals andorganizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of eachother and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.Still， the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Som
7、e applaud theapproach； others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative pushtoward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet drives license mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts， whoworry that the voluntary ecosystem envisioned by Mr.
8、 Schmidt would still leave much ofthe Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identifythemselves， in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2 A.for B.within C.while D.though3 A.careless B.lawless C
9、.pointless D.helpless4 A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5 A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6 A.by B.into C.from D.over7 A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8 A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9 A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10 A.relcased B.issued C.d
10、istributed D.delivered11 A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12 A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13 A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing14 A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15 A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16 A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17 A.frequ
11、estly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18 A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19 A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20 A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions a
12、fter each text by choosing A ， B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000 ：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade sheapparently managed both roles without at
13、tracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee ； howcould she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？ By February thenext year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time ，sh
14、e said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful ， yet less biased， advisers on afirms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere ， they presumablyhave enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky，and the share price is falling， outsid
15、e directors should be able to give advice based onhaving weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then theysimply checked which directors stayed from one proxy st
16、atement to the next. The mostlikely reason for departing a board was age， so the researchers concentrated on thosesurprise disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after asurprise departure， the probability that the company will subsequently have to restateearnings increased
17、by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-actionlawsuit also increases， and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to belarger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent badperformance at the firm is suggestive， it does not mea
18、n that such directors are alwaysjumping off a sinking ship. Often they trade up. Leaving riskier， smaller firms for largerand more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding ablow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks， e
19、ven if a review ofhistory shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms whowant to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons， once again verypopular on campus.21. Accordi
20、ng to Paragraph 1， Ms. Simmons was criticized for .Againing excessive profitsBfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to make compromisesDleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .Agenerous investorsBunbiased executivesCshare price forecast
21、ersDindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directorssurprise departure， the firm is likely to .Abecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph th
22、at outside directors .Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfu
23、lDcriticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？ A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fledto the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their owndoom. Americas Federal Trade comm
24、ission launched a round of talks about how to savenewspapers. Should they become charitable corporations？ Should the state subsidizethem ？ It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers haveshr
25、ugged off the recession. Even American newspapers， which inhabit the most troubledcome of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago， but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat
26、by pushing journalistsoverboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobshave gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers evenhad the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures haveproved the right ones and，
27、sadly for many journalists， they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses， with a healthier mix ofrevenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusualin their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008，acco
28、rding to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). InJapan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly， Japanese newspapers are much morestable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody， but much of thedamage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are leas
29、t distinctive. Car andfilm reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreignbureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. Butcompleteness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying Newspapers like their own doom (Lines 3-4
30、，Para. 1) ，the authorindicates that newspaper .Aneglected the sign of crisisBfailed to get state subsidiesCwere not charitable corporationsDwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .Areaders threatened to pay lessBnewspapers wanted to redu
31、ce costsCjournalists reported little about these areasDsubscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts， Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable because they .Ahave more sources of revenueBhave more balanced newsroomsCare less dependent on advertisingDare le
32、ss affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaperbusiness？ADistinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.BCompleteness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.CForeign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.DReaders have los
33、t their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .AAmerican Newspapers： Struggling for SurvivalBAmerican Newspapers： Gone with the WindCAmerican Newspapers： A Thriving BusinessDAmerican Newspapers： A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades im
34、mediately following World War II as a time ofprosperity and growth， with soldiers returning home by the millions ， going off to collegeon the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses， it was a time of common sense and a belief thatless could truly be more. Du
35、ring the Depression and the war， Americans had learned tolive with less，and that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future ，made small， efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. Thephrase less is more w
36、as actually first popularized by a German， the architect LudwigMies van der Rohe， who like other people associated with the Bauhaus， a school ofdesign， emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exertenormous influenc
37、e on the course of American architecture ， but none more so that Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration ， properly organized， has moreimpact that a lot. Elegance， he believed， did not derive from abundance. Like othermodern architects， he employed metal， glass and laminated wood-mate
38、rials that wetake for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Miess sophisticatedpresentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos Lake Shore Drive ， forexam
39、ple， were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1，000 square feet-than those in theirolder neighbors along the citys Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airyglass walls， the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details andproportions， the architectural equivalent of the abs
40、tract art so popular at the time.The trend toward less was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wrightstarted building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1 ，200 square feet-thanthe spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The Case Study
41、Houses commissioned from talented modern architects byCalifornia Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet anotherhomegrown influence on the less is more trend. Aesthetic effect came from thelandscape， new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House， Ralpheveryday l
42、ife - few American families acquired helicopters， though most eventually gotclothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable waswidely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans .Aprosperity and growthBefficiency and practical
43、ityCrestraint and confidenceDpride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus？AIt was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.BIts designing concept was affected by World War II.CMost American architects used to be associated with it.DIt had a great influen
44、ce upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .Awas related to large spaceBwas identified with emptinessCwas not reliant on abundant decorationDwas not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicagos Lake Shore Drive ？AThey i
45、gnored details and proportions.BThey were built with materials popular at that time.CThey were more spacious than neighboring buildings.DThey shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the Case Study House？AMechanical devices were widely used.BNatural scene
46、s were taken into considerationCDetails were sacrificed for the overall effect.DEco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it？ The question would have sounded strange notlong ago. Now even the projects greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing aBermuda triangle of
47、 debt， population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems ， the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core ，the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zoneseconomies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sh
48、aringa single currency， which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency from disintegration isstuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers， France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the
49、euro zone， but disagree aboutwhat to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending andcompetitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projectsand
50、even the suspension of a countrys voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insiststhat economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club ， among whomthere is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour ； in the inner corealone， Germany fears， a small majorit
51、y favour French interference.A southern camp headed by French wants something different： Europeaneconomic government within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated， thatmeans politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richerto poorer members，via cheaper bor
52、rowing for governments through common Eurobondsor complete fiscal transfers. Finally， figures close to the France government havemurmured， curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.， curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write o
53、ff the EU. It remains the worlds largest trading block. At its best ，the European project is remarkably liberal： built around a single market of 27 rich andpoor countries， its internal borders are far more open to goods ， capital and labour thanany comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt
54、 to blunt the sharpest edges ofglobalization， and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .A it has more or less lost faith in marketsB even its supporters begin to feel concernedC some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD it intends to deny the possibility of
55、devaluation37. The debate over the EUs single currency is stuck because the dominantpowers .A are competing for the leading positionB are busy handling their own crisesC fail to reach an agreement on harmonizationD disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ，Germany pr
56、oposed that .A EU funds for poor regions be increasedB stricter regulations be imposedC only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that _ _.Apoor countries are more likely to get fundsBs
57、trict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesCloans will be readily available to rich countriesDrich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU， the author seems to feel _ _.ApessimisticBdesperateCconceitedDhopefulPart BDirections：Read the following text a
58、nd answer the questions by finding information from the rightcolumn that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There aretwo extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)46Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate
59、 it into Chinese， write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that， globally， the IT industry produces about the samevolumes of greenhouse gases as the worlds airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2emissions？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.
60、A Google search canleak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed toget the right answer. To deliver results to its users quickly， then， Google has tomaintain vast data centres round the world， packed with powerful computers. Whileproducing large quantities of CO2， t
61、hese computers emit a great deal of heat， so thecentres need to be well air-conditioned， which uses even more energy.However， Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely andmake improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction， but there ismuch to be done，
62、 and not just by big companies.2011 考研英语(二)小作文suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her aletter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign you
63、r own name at the end of the letter,Use zhangwe2011 考研英语（二）大作文write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)参考答案客观题1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBAC
64、A 16-20 CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG46翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT 行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的 2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。 根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数， 谷歌搜索引擎会插手 0.2-7 克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。 这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。2011 考研英语(二)小作文su
65、ppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her aletter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use zhangwe英
66、语(二)小作文范文：A Letter to LimingJan-15-2011Dear Liming,Congraduate on you success in passing the entrance examination.Now, please allow me to give you some suggestion during your holidays.First of all, you should read. Because it makes a full man. Reading during the holidayhelps you get the habit of it
67、that when you become a freshman. College life is so plentifulbut reading is the most important thing.Second, to do some housework can bring you another feelings. Once you get into thecollege, you must do the things for yourself, including washing, clear the room andshedule your daily life and etc.Ho
68、wever, reading and housework doesnt mean all of your holiday. You need contactwith your friends or communicate with them. The reason is that old friends will be in yourmemory and new friends will be there. And we all know that the friendship among seniorschool.From the things I mentioned above, hope
69、 they will bring you a richful life in yourcollege.Zhangwei2011 考研英语（二）大作文write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)英语二大作文范文(文都版)As can be see
70、n clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brandsincreased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the marketshare owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008.Whats more, the market share taken by American car brands is
71、 on the upward trend, from10% to nearly 15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these twoyears. First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surprise as we have seen Chineseenterprises commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free themfr
72、om potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, whichused to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reelingfrom a crisis of confidence. Last, the improvement of American cars performance must beattributed to thesmart marketin
73、g strategy employed by American sellers. They launched alot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won themapplaud as well as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should onone hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiencesfrom Japanese cars failures and Americans success.
