新视野大学英语视听说第三册听力文本及答案及quiz答案

新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册听力练习录音文本和答案Uintl- UintlOUintlII. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Ok. It's your turn to pay the bill. I paid last time.M: What? You have a selective memory. You tried to pay last turn, but your creditcard failed; so I ended up paying! It's definitely your turn.Q: What is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM: Pm having real trouble reviewing for this French exam. I just can't memorize allthe vocabulary.W: Me too. I hate having to learn things by heart. I guess we just have to keep readingthe texts over and over.Q: What does the woman prefer?3. ScriptW: Oh look! There's that guy we saw last week, playing football in the park! Helooked great in his kit, remember?M: Him? I don't remember him. I've got a terrible memory for faces. I have a hardtime even recording people Fve been introduced to.Q: According to the conversation, what is the man's problem?4. ScriptM: Why is there a big sign on the back of your door that says "keys”?W: It's to remind me to take my keys when I go out because I'm always lockingmyself out by accident! It doesn't help enough. Now I just forget to read the sign.Q: Why is there a sign on the back of the door?5. ScriptM: That history exam was really hard. The essay question was terrible!W: I know, I wish I were like David. He has a photographic memory, you know. Howuseful that would be!Q: What is true of DavidKeys: l.C 2.D3.A4.B5.CHI. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. You're suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, andyou used to be a bottom-of -class student just like me.W: Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying withremembering, based on recent research into the brain.M: Aw, that stuffs old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes arecomfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. I'm talking about principles like “Mental Visualization^^,creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok, that dies sound different. Id "Association“ a principle—you know, youconnect what you want to remember with something you're familiar with?W: Right on! 'Consolidation“ is another. I review my notes right after class andconsolidate- or absorb- the new material into what I've already learned.M: You9re moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend I'm going tostudy sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. That's not the way. Follow the principle of "Distributes Practice”.Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well for you; you've got a good memory. But what aboutme? Fve got a memory like a sieve.W: You're too modest. There?s nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is likea muscle; it needs exercise. And don't forget it.While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly getting excellent marks, shesays she read an article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like"Mental Visualization”, that is, creating a picture in one's mind of what is to beremembered. This reminds the man of the principle of 44AssociationM, which meansconnecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Thenthe woman adds the principle of “Consolidation”, or reviewing one's notes after classand absorbing the new material into what one has already learned. When the manpromise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of“Distributed Practice”, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over severaldays. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needsexercise.Task 2: You forget my toast!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to goto their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor aboutthe problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, thedoctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing thingsdown to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, "Honey, willyou please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?^^Before the man left, she added, “Why don't you write that down so you won'tforget?59“Nonsense,“ said the husband, t4I can remember a dish of ice cream!”“Well J said the wife, 'Td like some strawberries on it. You'd better write that downbecause I know your memory is failing.^^“Don't be silly,5, replied the husband. "There're only two things: a dish of ice creamand some strawberries. I can surely remember that!”With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from thekitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, “Hey, youforget the toast!”Keys: FTFFFTask3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them areintroduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply,you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try tolearn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer,learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if youare a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that 11continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don't try tomemorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you considerimportant. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it.Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on.Don't allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating inthat pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to rememberthings if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if youcannot remember a person's name, you can think about a special feature of his faceand then link it with his mane.1. What's seems to be an especially important way to stimulate one's memory?2. What seems to be the best way to focus your memory?3. How can you concentrate on a pen?4. How can you relax yourself according to the passage?5. What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1A2.C3. D4.B5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It slipped my mind!Amy: I sent out the invitations to the dinner party.Bill: That's good. Now what should we do?Amy: We've got to plan the menu.Bill: Oh, that's right. Do you have anything in mind?Amy: I think I'm going to make the chicken salad we had at the Christmas party.Remember I sled the chef for the recipe?Bill: Yeah, but did you forget that Linda doesn't eat chicken?Amy: Linda? Oh, my gosh! I forgot to invite Linda! It just slipped my mind. She'll bemad at me.Bill: Well, everyone forgets something sometimes. It's not too late yet. Fil make aphone call. Don't worry.Amy: Thanks! You see, I'm getting forgetful. I think I'm getting old!Bill: Looks like you are, sweetheartNow Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Tm going to throw a party, and Pve sent out the invitations to my friends andrelatives.B: That's good. But don't forget to invite everyone you should invite.A: I think Fve invited everyone. Do you have anybody in mind?B: Did you invite John? He's lost his job after recent quarrel with his boss.A: Oh, my gosh! I forgot to invite him! He'll be sad, thinking we look down on him.He just slipped my mind.B: Well, everyone forgets something sometimes. Don't worry. It's not too late. Makea phone call right away.A: Did I forget anybody else that I should incite?B: There5s yet another person you should invite—Julia. She's just moved to the cityand feels lonely.A: Oh, good heavens, I forgot all about her. She's our new friend. You see, Tm gettingforgetful. I think Fm getting old!B: Looks like you are, buddy. You'd better start writing things down if they'reimportant.MODEL2 I can't think of it off the top of my head.ScriptJohn: Hey, Sue. Do you know what Jack's home phone number is?Susan: I can't think of it off the top of my head. I don't have my address book on me,and I don't have my mobile phone with me, either.John: That's too bad! Fve got to find him now. It's urgent! If I can't find him today,Fil be dead!Susan: You might want to look it up in the phone book.John: Fve checked already, but it seems that hid phone number is unlisted.Susan: Maybe it's under his roommate's name.John: Well, I guess so.Susan: Well, why don't you call Jane? She has his phone number.John: Fve tried, but no one answered!Susan: Maybe call his office and ask his secretary.John: Fve already tried. She won't tell me. She says it's private.Susan: Oh, that's right. They usually don't release private infomiation over thephone.John: It's a pity. You usually have a powerful memory, but you can't help today.What's wrong with you? Your memory seems to be fading early.Susan: It?s not my memory is fading. I do have memory for face and names, but apoor one for number and datesNow Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Hey, do you remember when is the lecture on the value of information byProfessor Smith?B: I can't think of it off the top of my head. Maybe we can look it up in our notebook,but I don't have mine with me.A: That's too bas! I don't have it with me, either. Do you remember the number of thelecture hail?B: Sorry, I can't think of it off my head.A: I'm terribly interested in the lecture. I can't miss it!B: Well, why don't you call the dean who arranged the lecture?A: Tm afraid it's not very wise to ask the dean directly.B: Then maybe you can call the office if the department and ask the secretary.A: Pve already tried, but no one answered.B: Oh!A: You usually have a powerful memory, but you can,t help today. You memoryseems to be fading early.B: It's nit that my memory is fading. I do have a good memory for faces and names,but a poor one for numbers and dates.MODEL3 What's wrong with your memory?ScriptBill: Hi, honey! My trip to London was wonderful.Amy: Tell me what thrilled you most.[The telephone rings and Bill answers it....He hangs up.]Bill: Er, where was I?Amy: You were talking about your tour in London.Bill: Oh, yeah.Amy: I bet you had a great time.Bill: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the tower of London.Amy: How did you get there? By bus or underground?Bill: Let me see....Sorry, I can't remember any more.Amy: What's wrong with your memory?Bill: I hope it's not Alzheimer's disease. I don't want to forget my own name.Amy: I don't think so. Perhaps it's just temporary forgetfulness. You'll be right after agood sleep.Bill: I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I must go to see adoctor and get some pillsAmy: It's not as serous as that. Anyway, I wish you had a good memory for happyevents, and a bad one for unhappy things.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Hey, my trip to Beijing was fantastic.B: Tell me what thrilled you most.[The door bell rings and A answer it....A comes back.1A: Where was I?B: You were talking about your tour in BeijingA: Oh, yeah.B: I bet you had a great time.A: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, thoughthe admission fees were a bit too high for me.B: What were the fees?A ： Let me see....Sorry, I can't remember any more.B: What's wrong with your memory?A： I hope it's not Alzheimer's disease. I don't want to see a lot of new people everyday.B: I don't think so. Perhaps you only forget things momentarily. You'D be right after a good sleep.A： I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I have to see a doctor.B: I don't think il's so serious. Anyway, a bad memory helps you forget your trouble.V. Lefs TalkScriptStudent: Professor, thank you for graining me this interview. I'm Susan, a reporterfrom the Student Union magazine. Many students have difficultlymemorizing things. Since you're an outstanding psychologist, could yougive us some tips on how top improve our memory?Professor: Well, some people have better memories than others, but that's largelybecause they are better at creating mental images.Student: If I'm not good at creating images, what can I do?Professor: Practice helps. And the mind remembers things better if they areconnected with other images. For example, I you have to pick up severalitems at the grocery store, say, carrots, egg, bananas, and milk, you cancreate a picture in your mind of a giant carrot, and hanging from it, abanana.Student: Then I could have a giant milk carton pouring milk over the carrot andbanana.Professor: Certainly. Then what would you do with the egg?Student: Hmmm. I'd visualize an egg-shaped UFO flying across the sky.Professor: There you go. The more you apply the ideas, the easier it gets. Besidescreating pictures, there's another technique that is very useful.Student: What is it?Professor: Establishing an association. Suppose you are looking for lost keys.Relax, and let your mind look for all the images connected with thosekeys-their feel, the sounds they make.Student: How will that help?Professor: You might remember the sound the keys made when you placed then ina drawer or cold touch of the keys in your jacket were you left them.Student: Oh my gosh! I have to run. It's time my English class. I see an image ofmy teacher staring at my empty seat in the classroom. Many thanks,Professor.Professor: Not at all, and good luck with your memory.Ways of Improving One'sMemoryExamplesCreating imagesTo remember the items tobuy sat the grocery storesuch as carrots, eggs,bananas, and milkImages that you may help:La giant carrot and abaaaaa hanging from it2. a giant milk cartonDouring milk over thecarrot and banana3. an egg-shaped UFOflying across the skyEstablishing associationsTo find your lost keysAssociations with soundtouch that may help:1. The sound of the keysmight remind you ofy\having placed then ina drawer.2. The cold touch of thekeys might lemind youof them in your jacket.DiscussionSAMPLEA: As we just heard from the interview, the technique of associating certainlyimportant in promoting memory.B: And according to the interview, creating images helps remember things. If yourshopping list includes eggs, you might visualize an egg or an egg-shaped UFOflying across.A: Another important factor in improving memory can be of interest. If you getinterested in something, you can remember it better.B: Yeah. And if you recognize facts into meaningful groups, you can remember thembetter. For instance, if you want to memorize all the names of American presidents,it is not easy. If, however, you arrange them chronologically into three periods:those before Abraham Lincoln, those between Abraham Lincoln and FranklinRoosevelt, and those after, then the task will be less difficult.A: It is common sense that if you glance at something quickly, you tend to forget itquickly. If you stuffy it slowly, you can remember it better.B: Another technique is intensive practice or repeating. As a saying goes, practicemakes perfect. If you repeat something again and again, you will eventually learnit by heart.A: But we should not work too hard. When we get tired, our learning efficiencydeclines. We need breaks so the mind can rest and absorb what has been learned.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: The Role Memory Plays in Our LifeScriptSince memory plays a significant role in our life, scrientists are increasingly interestedin research on how to improver memory, Here are some factors they believe to beimportant to expanding memory capacity.To begin with, you must take special care in your daily life. Food for example, is veryimportant. Some vitamins are essential foe your memory to work properly. They arefound in bread, cereal, vegetables and fruits. Some experts say that synthesizesvitamins improve memory, but others have doubts about this, arguing that the studieshave not confirmed they do work. Another essential factor is water. It helps tomaintain the memory systems, especially in older persons. According to Dr. Roswell,lack of water in the body has an immediate and strong effect on memory; it can causeconfusion and other thought difficulties. Sleep also plays a significant role. To be ableto have a goof memory, we must allow the brain to have plenty of rest. While sleeping,the brain no longer controls the senses, and starts to revise and store the informationone has receives. Lack of sleep would make one feel exhausted and would weakenone's ability to concentrate. Also, one' ability to store information would be affected.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. Why are foods important in promoting memory according to the passage?3. To whom is water especially important in maintaining the memory system?4. What problem can a lack of water cause?5. Why is sleep important to memory?Keys: 1.A2.B3.D4.D5.CTask 2: Where did the professor go?ScriptThis is a true story, while happened to friends of ours in a small town in South Africa.They were a hospitable couple who often entertained their neighbors for drinks, tea ordinner. On this particular spring night, they have invited a retired professor to super.During the evening, it began to pour with rain, and the heavens really opened.Because he had walked there, they offered to put him up for the night. They pointedout that by staying overnight, he did not need to go to out in the bad weather. Heagreed on the soundness of that idea, thanked his hosts profusely, and the matterseemed to be settled. But while they were washing the dishes after suppir, theforgetful professor disappeared. No one could find him anywhere. Eventually, after40minutes, the front door bell rang. There was the professor, soaked to the skin. Whenhe was asked what on earth he has been dong in the rain, he replied that because hewas going to stay there ovemight. he had gone home to get his pajamas andtoothbrush.Task3: How to Remember NamesScriptYou just called the TV repair shop, and the voice on the other end of the line tells you,“This is Don Smith”.About 5 minutes later you tell your wife that “this guy“will be out to fix the TV in themorning. You can't think of his mane although you know he mentioned it on thephone.This happens all the time to just about any of us unless we have learned to concentrateand implant a name in our memory, right at the time we hear it. To do this, you mustmake a habit of repeating the name back to the person. This action will remind you tostore the name in your “memory bank“ each time you hear someone's name, andwithin a short time the “repeating“ process can be discontinuedWhen you meet someone in person, use the same procedure, and in addition, visualizesomething different, unusual or ridiculous about hid or her appearance, position, oractions that “ties in “with his or her name. Later, you may write the descriptiveinformation on one side of a card and the name in the other side. Look at it repeatedly,see the “picture“ in your mind's eye as you look at the name; or when you see hename, visualize the “picture“ you have assigned to the name.Getting this system to work will require changes in your thinking, and it may takeseveral days or several weeks to become proficient.News ReportA Dolphin ExhibitionScriptA recent art exhibition in Florida honored the animal often seen as man's mostintelligent friend, the dolphin.The “Dolphins on Parade^^ exhibition in the Florida Keys featured life-sized decoratesdolphin paintings made of wood and the cost of materials. The dolphins were shownat area business and along the beach. Sponsors paid U.S. $750 to cover the artists5 feeand the cost of materials.There were more than 100 dolphin themes, including a beer-belly dolphin. Theyshowed the work of local artists, as well as the beach atmosphere the Keys are famousfor.Probably the most unique was special because of its artist, Pandora. Pandora thedolphin painter is area dolphin, art the Dolphin Research center, in Marathon, Florida.The playful artist streaks colors across a dolphin painting holding a brush in itsmouth.The exhibition was held by the Monroe [Florida] Council of the Arts as part of a planto make the Keys an international arts center. The paintings were to be auctioned offin March, with the money earned going to community art programs.Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3. ScriptW: Have you chosen your elective for next semester yet? Are you taking Frenchwriting again?M: Yes I am, but it's compulsory for us next semester. So I think I'm gong to domarketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?4. ScriptM: Did you go to that businesses lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy yournotes.W: rd say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah's got them. Be careful not to missProfessor Brown's seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I'm enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here are preparing for anexam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How's your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine's terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn't pull his weight andSuzie's never around. I don't see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realizethat this is their last chance.Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn't you? What's it like?M: It's expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. Butthe teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. Theyuse the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew orfailed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to theconversation?Keys: l.C 2.D3.B4.D5.AIII. Listening InTaskl: On the First DayScriptHarrison: I'm Harrison. Good to meet you. So you've bought the books for thisbiology class.Jenny: Sure, I think everyone had to before class started.Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because it's still add-drop.Jenny: What's that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which one is best. Hey, where areyou from?Jenny: Poland. Have you has this teacher before? I've heard he is really good.Harrison: He's good if you're a hand-worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that's good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in theclass. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: You're welcome.Professor: All right. See you guys next week.Student: See you.Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think about the professor's lecture?Jenny: I think half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: That's all right. A lot of what he said is explain in the reading/Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over?Harrison: No problem. We don't have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I'm prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah, participation in the discussion is an important part of the educationhere.Seeing that Jenny has bought the books for the biology class, Harrison says nobodydoes much on the first day because it's still add-drop, which means students arechanging from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is really good. But Harrisonwarns her that the professor is good, only if students are hand-worku】s, for he expectsa lot.After class, Jenny admits that half of what the professor said went over her head, andHarrison assures her that a lot of what the professor said is explained in the reading.When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison notes, he says “on problem”, for they don't haveclass until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says participation in the discussion at theseminar is an important part of the education there.Task 2: Money for CollegeScriptRobert is a university student. He likes to have fun. But having fun was expensive, sohe was rapidly running out of money. There was nothing to do to try to call his motherfor help.“Hi, Mom. I certainly miss you and Dad. I...uh...got a big surprise this week in myphysics course. We have to buy two new textbooks. I'm going to need $100,^^“I understand/9 said his mother, 66F11 send you the money right away. You left yourcalculus book here when you were home two weeks ago. Shall I mail that at the sametime?”“Oh, yeah. Thanks/9 Robert said.Robert's mother made up a parcel with the calculus book and two checks, and mailedit to Robert that very day. When she returned from the post office, her husband waswaiting for her.“Well, how much did you give the boy this asked Dad.“I send two checks: one for $100 and the other for $1, 100,“ answered Mom.“You're outing your mind,^^ yelled Dad, "That's $1,100. He'll just spend that in acouple of weeks. He's never going to learn the value of money that way.”“Don't worry, honey,Mom said, “I taped the $100 check to the cover of his book,but I put the $ 1,000 one between the pages in Charperl3!”Keys: TFFFTTask3: How to Get Straight A9sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here,according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets ofsuper-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time.Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TVshows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes beforerecreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an ArizonaState University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked outevery day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Thenhe posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a fewterms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the finalexamination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter ofpersonal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awakeearly. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work isfresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says,"Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.^^Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read,According to a book entitled Getting Straight A's, the secret of good reading is to be“an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understandingof the author's message”.6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting tostudy?7. What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam?8. What is the good thing all top students agree on?9. What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?10. What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1B2.C3. D4.A5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 You're just going to have study hardNora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I've learned a lot.Chris: Only our first day back at school, and I already feel like I'm up to my ears inhomework.Nora: You 're going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up.Chris: Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two books reports, a composition,an oral report, and a research project- all due before midterms.Nora: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit would ruboff on you.Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend anyarticles and books? You'd better find me the exact pages where I can find whatI want.Nora: You could borrow ideas from references, but if you quote without giving thesources, you're plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don't help me, I'll have toprepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.Nora: Oh, no! If you're caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably,you will have」o repeat the year.Chris: All right, I'll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and inthe dorm I'll be burning [he midnight oil.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: We're going to have a test, and I also have a term paper to finish. But I haven'tdone a thing. I'm really worried now.B: You're going to have to have to hit the books if you want to get good grades.A: But this course is so difficult that I already don't understand it at all.B: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit can help you.A: Better yet, maybe you could write a term paper for me.B: Forget it! That would be cheating.A: All right, all right. I have yet to write it myself. Maybe I can download somearticles from the Internet and piece them together.B: You could borrow ideas from those articles, but if you quote without giving thesources, you're plagiarizing.A: Also, the test next week will be a headache. If you don't help me, Fil have toprepare a cheat-sheet and hide it in my hand during the test.B: Oh, no! If you're caught, the professor will definitely give you an F.A: Til try to be careful.B: But if the professor catches you, you'll have to repeat the year. You9re just going tohave to study hard.A: Ok, m take your advice. The library's going to be my new home, and in the dormril be burning the midnight oil.MODEL2 Which class do you prefer?ScriptChris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don't know how am I going to stayawake?Nora: I like Mr. Wood. He's interesting.Chris: He's boring! He csuld put the entire basketball team to sleep- during thechampionship game! Who do you have for economics?Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. She's smart. Students really learn a lot from her.Chris: She's tough! You have to work hard in her class, or you'll probably fail.Nora: No pain, no gain.Chris: Nonsense, You could have learned even more with Me Sharp. But not manystudents opt for his class.Nora: What's wrong with him?Chris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is C+, and he usually failshalf of the students.Nora: No wonder he's got the nickname Mr. Shark. Well, how about PE? What areyou doing this semester?Chris: That's the worst part. In PE, we're learning t'ai chi. I'm bored to death.Nora: Ha-ha! Not to rub salt into the wound, but our class is playing your favoritesport: basketball.Chris: Oh...that figures! This is going to be a terrible semester.Nora: This is going to be a great semester!Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: The history class is really boring. How am I going to stay awake?B: I like the history teacher. She's knowledgeable. She told us a lot of interestinghistorical events in class.A: Bur I find her boring! She could put the entire basketball team to sleep- during thechampionship game! Which class do you find dull?B: I hate the economics course. The teacher always talks above my head. So I've lostinterest in the course.A: Bur economic is my favorite. The professor is smart. Most students really learn alot from him.B: But he's tough! He expects a lot. You have to work hard in his class, or you91 1probably fail.A: No pain, no gain.B: Actually not many students opt for his class.A: What's wrong with him?B: Often the highest grade he gives on a term paper is B-. Last seme4stwe he failedmore than a third of the students and I was one of them.A: Oh, that's too bad.B: Well, how do you find your English teacher? I don't think much of her, either.A: I find her kind, always willing to answer my questions; she always gives me highmarks.B: You're rubbing salt into my wound. She failed me last semester.MODEL3 Publish or perishScriptChris: Tell us, Professor Grant, What are your primary duties as aprofessor?Professor Grant: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It's rough being anassociate professor. It's publish or perish.Chris: So you spent a lot of time in your office?Professor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class motes, give lectures, holdoffice hours. Teaching is an important part of being a professor.Chris: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money.Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of tome applying foe grants to fundmy research. Then I can offer assistantships and scholarships tothe worthy graduate.Chris: I see why they call you “the boss”. But being a professor soundspretty competitive.Professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes...Chris: Um....1 think you're mistaken, Professor Grant!Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! You owe me an essay!Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter,and I have to work two jobs to pay for school.Professor Grant: So you get an F in this course.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Professor Smith, I'm from the Student Union newspaper. Many students want toknow a western professor's main duties and compare them with a Chineseprofessor's duties.B: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It's tough to be a professor.A: Chinese professor are also facing increasing pressure, as they are required to domore research than before. Professor Smith, do you spend al lot of time onteaching?B: Yes, I have to prepare class notes, give lectures, host seminar, and hold officehours. In fact, teaching is an important part of being a professor, though someprofessors believe that research is more important than teaching.A: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money, I suppose.B: I wish. Salary is a sensitive topic in the west. Let me say something about researchfunds. Actually I spend a lot of time applying for grants to fund my research.A: How are you going to use the grants?B: With that money, I can offer assistantships and scholarship to graduate studentswho can help with my research project.A: Now I see why they call you "boss”. But being a professor sounds prettycompetitive.B: That's true. A lot of young teachers want to be promoted to a professorship.A: What you said has given us a fairly clear picture of a western professor's primaryresponsibilities. Thank you very much for your time.B: You're welcomeV. Lefs TalkScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is "Problems with Our Educational System”.There are a lot of things in our educational system that I don't agree with. It seemsthat educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academicperformance but neglect students9 abilities and interests in other areas. I think there9rea lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven't had the opportunities theycould've had, had they been educated in a broader-minded educational systems. I feelthat a lot of courses that students are focused to take in high school are too academic,and, as a result, many kids lost their interest in learning.Educators have failed to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They often exert a lotof pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-roundedisn't really possible. And as a consequence some students who are believed to beintelligent can't get into good colleges if they, for example, haven't scored well on themath section, even if they ate brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called “weak students“ are separatedfrom the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class id their grades arelower then others. And they've very aware of their social position, you know. I think itcauses them to act in a way that is not really positive. They7re just acting in a way thatthey are expected to act. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that's prettysad to me. I think that many of the kids in those classed are intelligent, but neveractually realize their potential because of the way they are treated very early on intheir education.ProblemsResultsEducators just want to give standardizedtests. They only focus on academicperformance but neglect students'abilities and interests in other areas.Kids lose interest in learning.Educators often exert a lot of pressure onstudents to be as well-rounded aspossible.Some intelligent kids can't enter goodcolleges.“Weak" students are separated from therest of the school.Their grades go from bad to worse.DebateSAMPLEA: Many ads about English classes for children say, "Don't let your kids lose thecompetition just because they start later.^^ I quite agree. I hear young childrenoften learn a foreign language faster then adults.B: It's hard to say. Kids may learn the pronunciation better than adults, but adultsusually learn vocabulary and grammar faster.A: You can learn vocabulary and grammar later on; but when you grow up, you canhardly change your pronunciation.B: But if they learn the wrong pronunciation from the beginning? If they don't learnEnglish when they are young in the right way, it'll affect their English studiesA: Anyway, some good or “key” schools give English tests to kids before admittingthem.B: English is important, bur other subjects like Chinese and math ate equallyimportant. If kids spend too much time on English, they have little time left forother subjects.A: Some people say that learning a foreign language can help develop children'smental abilities such as memory, attention span and concentration, which will e ofhelp in learning other subjects.B: But too much time for studying and too little left for playing, children's moral andphysical development will be affected.A: Well, it's difficult for me to convince you, and vice versa. Let's agree to disagree.VL Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in her United States.Founded 16years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grownfrom 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than18,000students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professorschools. Over14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties.Harvard has produces six presidents of the United States and 34 Noel winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the modelof English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy.Although many of its graduates became ministers in Puritan church throughout NewEngland, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largestfund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries,broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard's physicalfacilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard's 26th president in 1001. As part of anoverall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university's school andfaculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard'smain intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university'sexcellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard's doorsopen to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of asaping the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and seriousfund shortage.6. What is main idea of the passage?7. How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?8. What was the role of religion at Harvard University was during is early years?9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey'sfund-raising program?10. What did President Rudenstine do?Keys: 1.B2.A3.C4.D5.DTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They weredoing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had "A" so far for thesemester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decidedto go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had agreat time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn't makeit back to school until early Monday morning.Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the finalexam and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned tocome back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on theway back, didn't have a spare, and couldn't get help for a long time. As a result, theymissed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final thefollowing day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placedthem in separate room, hand each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They took at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on achemical reaction. "Cool," they thought at the same time, each one in his separateroom, “This is going to be easy." Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: "Which of the tires was flat?”Task3： Applying for a place in an American UniversityScriptInternational students often underestimate the amount of time required to apply foradmission to a college or university in the United States. You should avoid thismistake by setting yourself a schedule that starts well in advance of the time you hopeto begin your studies. When setting this timetable, always remember that doing thingsearly is the best way forward. To find the institution or program that will best serveyour academic or professional goals, allow yourself sufficient time to researchthoroughly your options. Then meet the application deadlines of the university towhich you apply. These may be as much as 10 months before the school term.The need for an early start holds true even if you can apply on the Internet. Universitywebsites and other academic Internet sites may provide quick and convenient accessto the required application forms, but you still need time to research your options,contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendation and transcripts ofacademic records, and sign up for required entrance exams, that is, standardized tests,in time to meet application deadlines. In fact, although some students did score highon TOEFL and GRE, they were not admitted because they failed to meet the deadline.For Reference:1. They often underestimate the amount of time required.2. They must allow themselves sufficient time to research thoroughly their options3. They may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms.4. They still need time to research your options, contact teachers and institutions toobtain recommendation and transcripts of academic records, and sign up forrequired entrance exams, that is, standardized tests.5. Because they failed to meet the deadline.News ReportPrince William in ChileScriptWhat goes into a prince's education today? For Britain's Prince William, natureplayed an important role in his education this last winter, as the future king went on a10-week expedition in Chile with Raleigh International.The experience was a very different one for the prince. He kayaked in ocean fjords,tracked a rare deer, and was stranded on a beach during a storm.He also got used to sleeping on the ground—at times in a room filled with 16 people-and living in simple conditions.Those who took part, called “volunteers”, both contributed and learned. The princehelped locals build wooded walkways and buildings, and taught English toschoolchildren.He was described by other volunteers as hardworking, humble, and laid-back. As onesaid, “He struck a really good balance between working hard and having fun...gettingon with everyone, and taking on the team spirit.”The prince said he liked being treated as an "equal“ by other volunteer, who camefrom all walks of life. Around 20 percent were from problem backgrounds, somehaving had troubles with drugs or crime.It seems that there's a lot more to education than university and books, and theChilean forests and a little contact with regular people may do a lot of a British priUint3II. Basic Listening Practice5. ScriptM: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.W: What! Are you crazy? You can't do that! What will my friends say? I just want tohave a normal family.Q: What is the girl saying?6. ScriptM: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sent you these roses and his best wishesto you both for a happy anniversary.W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciatethe manager's consideration/Q: What can we learn from the conversation?3. ScriptW: While I'm scrambling the eggs, could you put the flour into the bowl?M: You bet, darling. Fil also turn the oven on so that it gets warmed up.Q: Where does this conversation probable take place?4. ScriptW: I have a very important meeting tonight, and I'm afraid I can't miss it.M: But this evening is the parents' meeting at school, and I was expecting you'dcome to it. OK, m phone Dad, maybe he and his girlfriend will come.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5. ScriptWl: So you're still single? If you'd listen to me and used the Internet, you'd have ahusband by now.W2: I did use the Internet. I posted an ad that read “Husband Wanted”. There weredozens of e-mail responses. But they all said pretty much the same thing: You canhave mine.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Keys: l.C 2.A3.B 4.C 5.DII. Listening InTaskl: Reasons for a DivorceScriptW: I'm divorcing my husband.M: How long have you been married?W: Thirteen years.M: Do you have children?W: Yes, and I have to protect them from any more harm from my husband'sirresponsibilityM: So, what are your grounds for divorce?W: Well, first of all, he keeps changing jobs. We've had moved four times in thirteenyears!M: And, you believe that will be good grounds for divorce?W: I do have a right to stability for my children and myself, don't I?M: Aren't they his children, too?W: But my husband isn't fulfilling his duties!M: Is he paying the bills?W: Well, yes, but we just live around the poverty line. Our kids are being teased byother kids at school because we can't dress them in good clothes! We have to livein a small department and drive an old car!M: Does the car run?W: Yes, but it looks OLD!M: Do you yell at him and call him names?W: Well, he yells at me!M: So, those are the reasons to not honor your husband. Are you going to give himjoint custody in this divorce?W: Nojust visitation rights.M: Why?W: Because the law permits me to.M: And, what about the financial demands of this divorce?W: I'm demanding half of all we have, which isn't much, and large support payments.After thirteen years marriage, the woman wants to divorce her husband, claiming he isirresponsible. When asked for the specific grounds for divorce, she gives thesereasons: First, he keeps changing jobs, and the family has had to move four times inthirteen years, but she wants stability for her children and herself. Second, although heis paying the bills, they just live around the poverty line. Her children are being teasedby other children for not dressing good clothes. Also, they had to live in a smallapartment and drive an old car, though it still runs. Worse still, the husband yells ather, though she admits she also yell at him and calls him names. As for the divorcearrangements, the woman will give the husband only visitation rights instead of jointcustody. Moreover, the woman will demand half of all they have and large supportpayments.Task 2: What four-letter words?ScriptDorothy was the only child of her family, bom when her parents were mid-aged. Theyspoiled her badly. At the age of 33 she still lived at home. Her mother and father treather like a princess. She seemed perfectly content with that situation, so her friendswere surprised when she announced she would soon get married. People who knewher well said the marriage wouldn't last long. But for the present, she and her newhusband approached happy.As soon as the newly couple returned from their honeymoon, the bride called hermother.“How does everything go?" her mother asked.“Oh, Mom,^^ she began, “the honeymoon was lovely! So romantic! We had awonderful time. But on our back, Bob started using terrible language. Stuff I'd neverheard before. Really awful four-letter words. You've got to come get me and take mehome. Please, the new bride sobbed over the telephone.“But, honey,“ the mother asked, 44What four-letter words?”“I can't tell you, Mom. They're too awful! Come get me, please!”“Darling, you must tell me what has upset you so much. Tell me what four-letterwords he used.”Still sobbing, the bride said, “Mom, words like dust, wash, iron, and cook.”Keys: FTFFTTask3: A Woman Who Chose Not to RemarryScriptAfter 17 years of marriage, my husband left me for my best friend, Monica. What Ihad feared most became reality: I became the single parent of two young children. Mydaughter grew increasingly unhappy. Seven-year-old Joanna had anxiety attacks whenever she was left alone for more than a few minutes. Five-year-old Sophie wouldvomit every meal. Under the psychological pressure, I thought about remarriage. Myfriends arranged dinner with single men and invited me to parties to meet the latest“someone special”.But later I changed my mind. A colleague of mine said, “Second marriages usuallyend in divorce, and children are destroyed by it." There is some truth in his words.Research published in 2004 showed that children in blended families were no moreemotionally healthy than those in single-parent families.Not long ago, my now-teenage daughter and I went to lunch at our favorite Italianrestaurant. While eating, we talked about a friend of ours who was divorcing hersecond husband. We were worried about how the break would harm her three children,two of whom were struggling to get free of drugs. Joanna put down her fork andlooked at me. "Mom, I'm glad you didn't remarry,she said. "If you had divorcedagain, I might have tried drugs or even consider suicide." At that moment, I realized,once again, that singleness was right choice for me.11. What was the speaker most afraid of?12. Which of the following is NOT true?13. What did the speaker's colleague say?14. Which of the following is true?15. If the speaker had divorced again, what might her daughter, Joanna, have done?Kes: 1C2.A3. B4.B5.BIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Is youth wasted on the young?Amy: rd like to talk to you, so stop what you're doing for a minute.Bill: What is it, Amy? I'm having a hectic time working on this report for tomorrow5smeeting.Amy: Well, you're always pretty busy, and it's been more five years, almost six, sincewe were married.Bill: Yes, time has gone so fast, but they've been good years.Amy: I know, but I want to have a baby- I want us to have a baby.Bill: I know you do. But remember, we said we'd wait until we could afford it.Amy: But five years is a long time to wait. Anyway, it's long enough.Bill: I'm this close to getting a promotion.Amy: What has that got to do with it? We could wait forever if we wait for the“perfect" moment. Soon we'H be too old to enjoying having a baby.Bill: You know, you have a good point. This report can wait. I'll do it tomorrowmorning. Let's open a bottle of wine and enjoy ourselves.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Pve got something important to tell you: I'm pregnant.B: What? You 're pregnant? Wow, Td love to have a baby.A: Well, I understand you want to be a father. It's been more than three years, almostfour, since we were married.B: Yes, time has passed so quickly, but we still didn't have a baby.A: I know, but we can't afford to have one now. If I leave my job for more than twoweeks, m lose it forever.B: I know you will. But remember, if we don't have one now, it'll be too late. We'llbe busier in future.A: There is something in what you said. Four years is a long time to wait. But I reallylike my job. What's more, I'm very close to getting promotion.B: But a baby borne by a woman in her 30s may be physically and intellectually lesshealthy. If we wanted to hold onto your job, we would wait forever. Soon we'Hbe too old to enjoy a baby.A: You really have a point. Til choose the baby over the job.B: Good, Fil try harder to make both ends meetMODEL2 So many people in the United States get divorced!ScriptKim: Hi Amy.Amy: Hi! Look at this headline, Kim.Kim: Wow! So many people in the United States get divorced!Amy: But this is not uncommon in west. In some places, the divorce rate can be ashigh as 50 percent.Kim: It seems strange to me that Westerners fall head heels in love quickly, if not atfirst sight; but they also leave each other quickly.Amy: Is it the same in your country?Kim: I don't think so. In my country, some marriages break up. but most couples staytogether.Amy: Do people get mairied youeg?Kim: Not really. Not many people get married before the age of 20.Amy: Hmm. Do woman usually work after they get married?Kim: No, a lot of women stay hnme to take care of their families. But more womenwork now.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: It seems strange to me that Westerners fall head heels in love quickly, but they alsoleave each other quickly.B: Is it the same where you live?A: I don't think so. In my country, most couples stay together.B: What is the divorce rate in your homeland?A: The divorce rate can be as low as 10 percent.B: That's quite lower than in our country.A: Well, what's the divorce rate in your country?B: About 50 percent, if I'm not mistaken.A: Oh, that's really high!B: Do people get married young?A: Not really. Not many people get married before the age of 22.B: Many of our young people get married before 20. Is it common for women in yourcountry to work after they marry?A: Yes, most wives work even after they've got a baby.B: In my country, a lot of wives stay home to look after their families.MODEL3 Why not have both our parents here for Christmas?ScriptAmy: You know, Christmas is coming. And I haven't seen Dad for ages—he alwayshas such great stories to tell.Bill: I know we went t my folks9 last year, but my Mom's been pretty sick. Thismight be her last Christmas.Amy: She's been ill, but don't exaggerate. You just don't like my mother. That's whyyou don't want to go to my parentsBill: She's never liked me. Never thought I was good enough for you.Amy: Well, you're not... But seriously, Mom's not so sad. She's just got a thick skinand likes to hide her feelingsBill: I don't think so.Amy: Why not have our both families here for Christmas?Bill: That would make twenty-two of us if we invited everybody.Amy: Why not just have our parents here for Christmas?Bill: Good idea. Just don't sit me next to your mother.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: You know, the Spring Festive is coming, and we have to consider where to havethe Spring Festive Eve dinner.B: What have you got in mind?A: Since I've been busy, I haven't seen mom for quite some time—she's always beenso kind to us.B: I know we went t my folks9 last year, but my mom's been sick. She needs comfort.A: My parents also need company. If I don't have the Spring Festive Eve dinner withthem for two years running, they will be extremely disappointed. As a matter of fact,my mom is already blaming me for neglecting them.B: What can we do then?A: Let me think. Why not invite our parents here for the dinner?B: But they live so far away from us. It's inconvenient for old people.A: Then we can invite four of them to a restaurant near them.B: Good, idea. On the next morning we can visit both our parents.A: And don't forget to bring gifts.V.LefsTalkScriptIf you want me to tell you why I remarried, that's my story.Remarried is the last thing I'd consider for two years after my divorce. I had heardabout the high rate of remarriage failure. More importantly, I wondered howremarrying would affect my 1 O-year-old son. My heart ached when I saw my sondraw a picture of himself, my ex-wife and me holding hands, with sadness on ourfaces. Since my parents have married and divorce eight times altogether, I hope myson would not have to go through the same pain I had experienced. As a result, myprimary focus after divorce was my relationship with my son John, not finding a wife.As time went by, my son gradually grew up, and he became of my loneliness andanxiety. One day he asked me to consider dating. The first timer he said this, I ignoredhim. The second time he brought it up, I reconsidered my reservations about dating. Ibegan to date Maria. As our relationship developed over the following year, I wasconcerned about my son would actually respond to her. At first, John's affection forMaria was lukewarm. For instance, he would hug her, but the act seemed mechanical.But after several times, he warmed up to her. Seeing that the time was ripe, I askedMaria to marry me. She accepted, so our family of two smoothly became a family ofthree. Thinking back, I believe my remarrying was the right choice.Some single-parents are still hesitant about remarrying. Now that you've heard mystory, I hope you won't hesitate and let golden opportunities slip through your fingers.Changes in the Speaker'sAttitude to RemarriageReasons or Detailed DescriptionFor two years after my divorce,remarriage was the last word I'd consider.1. High rate of remarriage failure.2. Remarriage would affect my son.① He drew a piclure of ihe three of us.② My parents married and divorced eighttimes and I hope my son would have nosuch pain.③ My primary focus was my son, not a wife.I ignored my son's suggestion that Iconsider dating.He grew up and became conscious of myloneliness aad anxiety.I reconsidered m reservation about datingand began to date MariaThe second time he brought the issue up.I was concerned about my son's respondto her.At first his affection for her waslukewarm: his hug was mechanical; butseveral months later he warmed up to her.I asked Maria to marry me and sheaccepted.Seeing time was ripe.Our family of two became a family ofthree.I believe my remarrying was the rightchoice.DebateSAMPLEA: On the whole I don't support remarriage. Too many remarriages have turned out tobe unsuccessful and end in divorce.B: If you say many remarriages have failed, that means other remarriages havesurvived, or even bloomed. We should not only look at the dark of the issue.A: But there5re too many factors contribute to the failure of a second marriage. Forexample, as you become older, you may find it increasingly difficult to adjust to adifferent pattern of life with a new mate. Once there's a conflict neither is willingto give in.B: There9re conflicts everywhere, but you should not neglect that an adult haspsychological and physical needs. Without a companion, one may feel lonely andanxious.A: In a new family the husband tends to compare his new wife's weak point with hisex-wife's strong point. And the wife does the same.B: I wish you'd seen the film The Sound of Music. The governess Maria blended sosmoothly into the Captain's family.A: It is not easy for children to accept the new mother or father. It is simplyimpossible for them to forget their birth-mother's loving care and the happymoments in their childhood.B: But how happy are the Captain's seven children with their adopted mother Maria!If the new mother shows genuine care for the kids, they will gradually warm to her.On the other hand, many children in a single-parent family are under psychologicalpressure and suffer from anxiety attack. So, the single life is not the right choice.VL Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Early MarriageScriptAt the age of 12, Lisa has been married for three years to a young man she met justafter finishing secondary school. He treated her well. She almost died during the birthof their first child, bom a year after their marriage. The second child, born 18 monthslater, was also a girl. Lately she and her husband quarrel frequently. She wants to goto vocational school to learn skills to add to the family income, but his mother insistsshe stay home and produce a son.This example is by no means exceptional. Early marriage is common in many parts ofthe world. Early marriage leads to early motherhood. In some developing countries,20 percent or over half of the women give birth to their first child before the age of18.Expectations from parents, in-laws and society are to produce a child as soon aspossible. Many young wives feel pressure to bear son. This typically results in earlyand frequent pregnancies.In developing countries, more than half a million women die every year from causesrelated to pregnancy. There are four important reasons for these deaths. Birth areeither “too soon, too close, too many, or to late”. According to statistics, it is youngwomen who most die during pregnancy.11. At what age did Lisa give birth to her first child?12. What does Lisa want?13. Why do women in some developing countries have babies early?14. What are the reasons women die from childbirth?15. What is the main idea of the passage?Keys: l.B 2.D3.A4.D5.CTask 2: Nuclear Family Living PatternsScriptA nuclear family is typical in high-industrialized societies. Beginning in the early 20,1 1century, the two-parent family keowr as the nuclear family was the predominantAmerican family type. Generally children live with their parents until they go away toa college or university, or until they acquire their own jobs and move into their ownapartment or home.In the early mid-20th century, the family typically was the sole wage earner, and themother was the children's principle care giver. Today, often both parents hold jobs.DuaLearner families are the predominant type for families with children in the UnitedStates. Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift; that is, a shift thatdoes not start in the morning and end in later afternoon. In these families, one of theparents manages the children while the other works.Prior to school, adequate day care of children is necessary for dual-earner families. Inrecent years, many private companies and home-based day care centers have sprungup fulfill this need. Increasingly, a company's aiTangement of day care as well asgovernment assistance to parents requiring day care is occurring.Task3: They are coming for Christmas,ScriptA man in Phoenix calls his son in New York the day before Christmas and says, "Ihate to ruin your day, but I have to tell you that your mom and I are divorcing,Forty-five years of misery is enough..”“Dad, what are you talking about?” the son screams.“We can't stand the sight of each other any longer/9 the father says. "We're sick ofeach other, and I'm sick of talking about this, so you call your sister in Chicago andtell her.^^Frantic, the son calls his sister, who explodes on the phone.“Oh, heck, they're getting divorced,she shouts. "Til take care of this.” Losing notime, she call her father and screams at him, “You are not getting divorced. Don't do asingle thing until I get there. I'm calling my brother back, and we'll both be theretomorrow. Until then, don't do anything! DO YOU HEAR ME?” Then she quicklyhangs up.The old man hangs up his phone and heaves a sigh of relief. He turns to his wife andsays merrily, 6tOkay, they are coming back for Christmas and paying their own way.”For Reference:1. He and the boy's mother are divorcing.2. Forty-five years of misery is enough. They can't stand the sight of each other anylonger. They5re sick of each other.3. He gets frantic and calls his sister.4. They will come back home and stop the parents from divorcing.5. He is happy, for his son and daughter will come back for Christmas and pave theirown way.News ReportPrince More Precious Than the DiamondScriptPeople have long known the saying 'iDiainondsl are a girfs best friend." But this maybe changing. There's a new stone on the gem market, tanzanite, and it is givingdiamonds some serious competition.Tanzanite was one of a number of gems discovered in East Africa in the 1960s. Thenew colors and varieties changed the gem market. But the real gem among thesestones was tanzanite, discovered in 1967 in Tanzania. The stone was named after itscountry of origin by New York's Tiffany and Co. which introduced it to the world. Itdraws one's attention quickly with its color- blue, purple or bronze, depending on thedirection it is viewed from.More important for its value, though, is its rarity. Tanzanite has been found in onlyone small area, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in Tanzania. And its supply will probably befully mined in the next two decades.As one mining official puts it, “It should never have really occurred in the first place.It did occur. And only this one deposit on this entire planet that is known...makes itmore than a thousand times rarer than diamonds. And certainly within the next 15 to20 years, there will be no more tanzanite to be mined.”The current value of the tanzanite market, at U.S. $10 billion, is equivalent to that ofdiamonds. And so another saying "Diamonds are forever^^ may lose some of itsmeaning.Uint4II. Basic Listening Practice7. ScriptM: Did you pick up the paper for me today? I really want to check the job vacancies.W: I know, it's over there. There's not much happen though. I had a look already.Maybe you should look on the Net instead.Q: What is the man looking for?8. ScriptM: You don't have enough experience or qualifications for this role. What makes youbelieve you could handle the position?W: I'm a fast learner and enjoy learning on the job. My natural skills lie in this area,and I'm confident that I could handle the challenge. Given a chance, I wouldprove myself.Q: What is the woman saying?3. ScriptM: Could you help me with my resume? Jane said you're good with these things, andI really need someone to edit it. It's way too long.W: Sure, no problem, give I to me. A good resume should be no more than one page,you know. And it should list you experience in reverse chronological order. I cansee we've got some work to do!Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?4. ScriptM: Could you tell me why you would like to work for our company?W: Well, it has a good reputation as an employer, and its products are quite popular inthe marketplace. I would feel proud to work for a company like this and tocontribute a great deal to its success.Q: Why does the woman apply for the job?5. ScriptW: Where do you see yourself in five years9 time?M: I aim to have been promoted to senior manager at the very least. I'm veryambitious and want to climb up the career ladder as fast as possible. I don't wantto feel miserable on the first rung in five years' time, watching everybody aboveme.Q: What does the man want in fie years?Keys: 1.C2.D3. A4.C5.BIII. Listening InTask 1: Tell me about yourself.ScriptM: Tell me a little about yourself.W: I'm from Guilin City.M: What brought you to the east coast?W: I came to Qingdao to attend college. I'm impressed by this city's dynamiceconomy. Tve come to love it so much that I've decided to stay and work here.M: What work experience do you?W: I worked as an intern for a small shipping company. And my primaryresponsibilities were to maintain the company's ties with the existing customersand try to find new cargo sources.M: And what did that experience teach you?W: I learned that communication skills are extremely important. The knowledge Iacquired from textbooks is indeed, but it is equally essential to be able topersuade a potential client t to trust you.M: How would your former employer describe you?W: He told me that my ability to find one customer after another was an asset to thecompany. He thanked me for my loyalty. He also appreciated my team as shownin my cooperation with my colleague.M: You seem very mature for your age. And I see from your resume that you are verygoal-oriented.W: Thank you. I believe I've acquired many good qualities from my parents. They'remy role models. However, I know I still have a lot to learn.The woman went from Guilin City to the east coast city of Qingdao to attend college.She was impressed by the latter's dynamic economy. Now shi is being interviewed fora job. She says she once worked as an intern for a small shipping company tomaintain the company's ties with the existing customers and try to find new cargosources. There she learned the importance of communication skills. She has realizedthat book knowledge is indeed necessary, but it is equally essential to persuadepotential clients to trust her. Her former employer said her ability to find customerswas an asset to the company. He appreciated the loyalty and team spirit. Theinterviewer finds her mature for her age and very goal-oriented. And she believes thatshe has acquired many good qualities form her parents, but still has a lot to learn.Task 2: A Work Qualification TestScriptMurphy applies for an engineering position at an Irish firm based in Dublin. AnAmerican applied for the same job. Quite by coincidence, the two amplifications, andwere asked to take the same test by the manager of the Human Resource Department.Upon completion of the test, both men missed only one of the questions. The managerwent to Murphy and said, uThank you for your interest, but we've decided to give theAmerican the job.^^Bewildered by the manager's decision, Murphy asked, “Why would you be doing that?We both got nine questions correct. This being Ireland and me being Irish, I shouldget the job 厂 'The manger answered calmly, “We have made our decisions based on the correctanswers, but on the question you missed.Unconvinced and somewhat indignant, Murphy question, t4And just how would oneincorrect answer be better than the other?^^The manager's maser took him by surprise, "Simple, on QuestionNo.5, the Americanput down 'I don't' know', and you put down 'Neither do I'.”Keys: FTTTFTFor Reference1. He made his decision based on the wrong answers to the one question one missed,rather than on the correct answers.2. By writing "Neither do I”, it seems that Murphy copied the American answer onthe test.Task3: A Guide to a Successful Job InterviewScriptThere are times that you will be asked a hard question during a job interview. Don'tpanic, they just want to see how you handle a difficult situation. Being prepared isalways the best policy. Here are some samples of questions and some advice on howto handle them properly.Why should we choose you? To this question, you can ask yourself why you applied,what makes you suitable for this question, what the company can gain from hiringyou, what you have to offer, how you would handle this jib, etc.Often they ask you to tell them about yourself. You can split your answer into two, theprofessional and the personal level. Both are important, and how you move from oneto the other depends on what you have to say. You can give a brief summary of yourlife, professional and personal, with less emphasis on the early past, and moreemphasis on the present and the future.When asked “What are your weakness?", don't say, “I don't have any." Everyone hasweakness, and it takes something positive like, “I haven't had a lot of exposure on theon-site work, but Fm looking forward to being more involved in dealing withcustomers directly and learning their needs.”Another common question is: "What are your strengths?^^ You should customize youranswer to meet the position requirement. Keep in mind the things they asked for in theadvertisement. Tell them your strengths, but also show them how they how theywould apply to this job. To show how your strengths were valuable, use the "Why,where, when, how“ to demonstrate and prove your strengths.16. What is the passage mainly concerned with?17. What does the speaker NOT mention as an answer to the question, 44Why shouldwe choose you?”?18. What does the speaker say you should stress when introducing yourself?19. What does the speaker advice you NOT to say when asked, “What are yourweaknesses?^^20. What should you say when asked about your strong points?Kes: 1C2.C3. B4.A5.DFor Reference“Why should we choose you?”, "Tell me about yourself."，“What are yourweaknesses?", and "What are your strength?”IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Can you give me some tips about how to get agood job?Susan: John, can you give me some tips about how to get a good job?John: Did you go to the job fairs and meet with companies?Susan: Yeah, I did. But they didn't seem to be interested in women. I thought aboutsuing then for sexual discrimination.John: I'm afraid it won't be much help. Have you looked at the want ads in thenewspaper?Susan: Fve been checking the want ads every day for a week, but I can't findanything interisting that I'm qualified for. And the few that I have seen arevery low-paying.John: Then try the Internet. You can use a search engine to find a job site related toyour field.Susan: Good thinking! Thanks! I think I'H look for something in electronicengineering.John: Hey, I just saw a job opening at a company called E-Tech. It could be just thesort of thing you're looking for.Susan: Great, fH try my luck there.John: Yeah, but if I remember, the deadline is this afternoon.Susan: This afternoon? Oh no! I'd better get online quickly and see if I can submitmy resume by E-mail.John: Wait, have you updated your resume? You'd better include your workexperience from the IT company last summer.Susan: Don't worry. It9s all set. Thanks, mate.John: Any time, Sue.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Can you give me some tips about how to get a good job?B: What have you done so far?A: Tve asked a few friends and relatives for job information, but it's not of much use.B: That method is out of date. You should go to the job fair and meet wit companies.A: Yes, I did. But IT industry seems to have been badly hit the economic recession,and not many companied came to the job market. As for those who did come, theyset a high standard for the candidates.B: To find more opportunities, you might as well look at the want ads in thenewspaper.A: I've been checking the want ads regularly for months, and I can't find anythinggood that Pm qualifies for. And the few that I have seen are very low-paying.B: On the Internet you can find more job ads. You can use a search engine to find jobsites related to your field.A: Good idea! I think m look for something in software development.B: I just found a job available at a computer company on the Net the other day. Itmight be just the sort of thing you're looking for.A: Great! I'll take a chance on that.B: Remember to update your resume before you send it in. It'll be plus for you if youinclude your recent work experience at the IT company.A: Sure. Thanks.M0DEL2 Do you have any tips for a successful interview?ScriptSusan: John, do you have any tips for a successful interview?John: Well, first of all, you need to dress professionally.Susan: Oh, what about during the interview?John: Ok, be sure to maintain good eye contact and answer all questions politely anddirectly. Don't look too shy, nor should you sound too aggressive.Susan: I'm not sure what kind of questions they'll ask.John: They'll probably want to know a little about your work experience. Manycompanies don't want a completely green hand. They don't want to spend timeand money on training.Susan: Fortunately, I gained some experience at an IT company during the lastsummer holiday.John: They may also want to know something about your character; You see, abilityfor teamwork is usually valued.Susan: What kind of questions should I ask them?John: You should ask them about the job requirements and about the company.Susan: Should I ask about salary and fringe benefits?John: Better not. Not unless they bring it up. Just use the first interview to sellyourself.Susan: You're right. If they are interested in hiring me, these will be plenty ofchances to talk about money later.John: Right. And the more interested they are, the more they'll offer.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Can you give me some advice on how to succeed in an interview?B: Well, first of all, you need to pay attention to your appearance. You have to dressappropriately.A: What do you mean by appropriately?B: It's often best to wear a suit. Some bosses don't like to see a candidate on a dirtyT-shirt and jeans.A: I see. Careless clothes may be an indicator of careless attitude in work.B: Right on. Also, many employers are unwilling to hire a young man with his hairdyed red or yellow.A: Then, what about during the interview?B: You should speak politely but firmly. If you look too shy, they may suspect you arenot capable of dealing with a challenging task.A: I'm not sure what kind of questions they91 1 ask.B: They91 1 probably want to know something about your work experience. Companiesusually don't want an entirely new hand. They don't want to spend time andmoney on training.A: Fortunately, I gained some experience at a law of firm during the last summerholiday. I worked as an intern to provide free legal advice for those who need it.B: Oh. I see, this is what they called “legal assistance to the needy”. Also, a companymay want to know something about your character. You see, team players are oftenvalued above all others.A: What kind of questions should I ask them?B: You should ask them about the job requirements and about the company.A: I hear that many companies asked the candidates what salary they expect.B: That's true. You have to inquire about the possible salary level for a green hand inadvance. If the salary you expect is reasonable, this shows that you know theprofessions well and will have a good impression on the interviewer.A: Oh, Tve learned so much from you. A thousand thanks.M0DEL3 Our best bet is to recruit from the competition.ScriptHelen: Our company is starting from scratch, so we don't have the expertise tocompete.Bill: Then our best bet is to recruit from the competition.Helen: We need managers who know how to be strong, yet know how to giveemployees their freedom.Bill: That's essential, especially in the computer industry. Often computer expertslike to work on their own.Helen: We also don't believe that a right management system will work wonders forour company.Bill: Um...that philosophy will help you attract many worthwhile people.Helen: I remember your friend David Miller is the CEO of a management recruitmentagency. I hope he'll help us start a recruitment drive.Bill: Certainly. And it's a good time, too. A numbee of firms have been downsizing.Helen: Good. So lots of capable people out there are interested in bigger and batterthings. But can David help us pin them down?Bill: Sure, Helen! That's why they call them headhunters.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: What can I do for you?B: Tm looking for a public relations manager at our advertising company.A: Do you have any specific requirement for such a manager?B: Well, first of all, she must be a good leader, who know to be strong, yet knows howto allow people freedom. Only in this way can she give full play to the employees,enthusiasm.A: Oh, that's essential for leader in many companies. What other qualities do youexpect of the manager?B: She must be skilled in interpersonal communications. You see, without such skill,one can hardly get a job well done.A: I can't agree more. Is that all?B: Not yet. If she happens to have a wide network of business connections, it'll be agreat assert to the company.A ： I see. We'll try our best to find one who meets your requirements.B： Do you think you can pin one down quickly?A: Probably. You see, a number of firms have been downsizing. So it's a good time forhead-hunting.B: Good. That's why they call you headhunters.V. Let9s TalkScriptGood afternoon, everyone. The university's Career Office asked me to give a talk onthe topic of how to prepare for job interviews. This is probably the most importantaspect in securing a job. Here are some tips I believe to be useful.First, do some research are. Once you have this information, make a list of what skillsor knowledge you have that would be valuable to them. You cannot sell yourself tothem if you don't know what it is you are selling.The next thing to consider is your physical appearance. You have to dress right for jobinterviews. Don't wear anything too flashy; being neat and clean is more importantthan wearing the latest fashion. The aim is to look professional without overdoing it.Also, it is important that you feel comfortable. If you are not comfortable with a tie, itmight be best not to wear one, unless the job requires you to dress this way. The lastthing you want is to be worried about your appearance during the interview. It willonly make you nervous, and you will quickly lose confidence.Mover over, you have to work out what you need to take with you: A copy of your CV,originals and copies of your qualification paper, copies of reference, samples of yourwork, if applicable, and anything else that they may want to see. Again, make sureeverything is well organized and neatly presented. Don't take a pile of paperwork thatyou have to sift through for ten minutes to find something. That will give them theimpression that you are disorganized. If you are well prepared, you're likely to havegood luck.Things to DoMore DetailsTipi1. Do some research on thecompany.2. Make a list of what skills orknowledge you have thatwould be valuable to them.Find out what products it makes, whoits customers are, and what its objectiveis.Tip2Take care over your physicalappearance.(1) Dress right. Don't wear anythingtoo flashy; neat aad clean are moreimportant than the latest fashion.(2) Feel comfortable. Being worriedabout your appearance during theinterview will make you nervous andyou will auickly lose confidence.(1) Prepare a copy of your resume,Tip3Work out what to take with you.originals and copies of yourqualification papers, copies ofreferences, and samples of your wnck.(2) Make sure everything is wellorganized and nnatly presented.DiscussionSAMPLEA: After listening to the career officer's talk, I've now realizes the importance ofgetting prepared for an interview.B: Quite true. First of all, we should never be late for an interview. If you're notpunctual, they91 1 suspect that you'll be late for work in future.A: Before going to the interview, we had better pay attention to our dress. We mustlook professional without overdoing it. Careless clothes will lead them intothinking that you're likely to do your job carelessly.B: During the interview, it is important to look confident without being too pushy. It'snecessary to maintain eye contact. This shows your interest in the conversation,and helps to maintain the communication between you and the interviewer.A: Many employers attach importance to the education you've received. We need tohighlight those courses especially valuable to the company.B: Book knowledge is not enough. We must show them we have practical experiencein the field. Tell them about our internship, and emphasize the skills that are usefulin the job we're seeking.A: How clever you are! These days many students want to tell the prospectiveemployer that they have a good command of English and have obtained a CollegeEnglish Test Band 4 Certificate.B: They5re also eager to tell interviewer about their computer skills with PowerPoint,office automation, and so on. Students from non-key universities especially needcertificates to shoe they've acquired those skills before they can hope to competeagainst students from prestigious universities.A: Character is considered an important factor in contemporary society, whereteamwork is a must.B: But too many students are saying more or less the same thing. If everybody says,'Tm warm-hearted and cooperative, get along well with my classmates, and havegood team spirit,the boss will soon get fed up.A: Perhaps we should let the work we've done shoe our character.B: Right on. Participation is important. If you can show them you're an importantofficial of the Student Union of the university or the department, or you'veorganized a singing competition and won an award, obviously you're a good teamplayer.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: The Role Memory Plays in Our LifeScriptYour resume, or CV in British English, has one mission and one mission only: to getyou a job interview. Your resume is usually the first impression an employer has ofyou. And as “you never get a second chance to make a first impression^^, you'd betterget it right firs time. Here're some suggestions that may be of use in preparing aresume. First, use a design that demands attention. Employers don't have time to readthrough each of your job descriptions to know if you have the skills they need. Thedesign of your resume must do it for them. Your resume should be concise,well-organized and relevant. It should emphasized the most important and relevantpoints about your experience, skills and education.Second, put important information first. List important information at the beginningof your job descriptions. Put statements in your resume in order of importance andrelevance to the job you want. A powerful statement with exact numbers influencesevery statement that follows.Third, target the job. You will have more success if you adjust your resume and coverletter for the specific skills another job. In other words, you need to "re-package”yourself. In that way, an employer will see immediately that you coiTespond to the jobdescription. It is not dishonest to ”re-package“ yourself. You are simply pressingyourself and your skills in the best light for a particular employer. This will help youto get more interviews and allow you to apply for a wider range o jobs.16. Why does the speaker say the resume is important?17. According to the passage, why should you emphasize the most important pointabout yourself?18. Where does the speaker advise putting the important information in your jobdescription?19. How many resumes would the speaker advise you to write if you applied for threejobs?5. Which of the following makes a good title for the passage?Keys: 1.C2.A3.A4.C5.BTask 2: Two Essential Factors in an InterviewScriptWhen applying for a job, especially a job you really want. It's not usually to feelnervous and anxious. Sometimes it's this anxiety, not our qualifications, that keeps usfrom obtaining our dream job.So you must overcome your nervousness and build up confidence. This often involvestwo factors: one mental and the other physical. Mentally, it's important to prepareyourself for the interview without obsessing over it. Remember, it might be yourdream job, but it won't be the end of the world if you don't get it. Tell yourself thatthe company would be lucky to get you; and if they choose someone else, it will betheir loss. In essence, you need to build your self-confidence. Your ability to answerall questions without hesitation will certainly impress the interviewer.Now that you are mentally ready for any question that might be thrown your way, it'stime to work on your physical presentation. Nn matter what position you are applyingfor, your physical appearance at the interview will be a big factor in the finaldetermination. It's always a good idea to wear a suit; it doesn't have to be a designersuit, but something plain and conservative. Do not dress too informally. For example,don't wear a red fashionable jacket for your interview. Make sure, too, that it is cleanand pressed. This may seem like common sense, but you'd be surprised how carelesssome applicants are. While it's not necessary to visit the beauty salon before yourinterview, make sure that your nail are well-manicured, and your hair is styledcarefully and neatly.Task3: An Interview That Upsets the BossScriptJohn was in a terrible accident at work and lost both of his ears. Since he waspermanently disfigured, he settled with the company for a fairly large compensationand decided to invest the money in a small but growing telecom business. After weeksof negotiations, he bought the company. Then he realized that he knew nothing aboutrunning such a business and quickly set out to hire someone who could do that forhim.So he set up three job interviewers. The first guy was great. He knew everything thecompany needed and was very interesting. At the end of the interview, John askedhim, “Do you notice anything different about me?” And the gentleman answered,“Why yes, I couldn't help notice you have no ears." John got very upset and threwhim out.The second interview was with a woman, and she was even better than the first guy.He asked her the same question, 4 UDo you notice anything usually about me?” and theshe replied, < 4Well, you have no ears.^^ Again John got furious and tossed her out.The third and the last interview was the best of all three. It was with a very youngman who was fresh out of college. He was smart and handsome. And he seemed to bea better businessman than the firs two put together. John was anxious to employ him,but asked him the same question, "Do you notice anything different about me?”And to his surprise, the young man answered, €4Yes, you wear contact lenses.^John was amazed, and said, < 4What an incredibly observant young man! How in theworld did you know that?”The young man laughed and replied, “Well, it's pretty hard to wear glasses with noears!^^For Reference1. He lost both of his ears.2. Because he realized that he knew nothing about running the business after hebought it.3. Because the interviewee said he noticed that John had no ears, and John got upset.4. He said he noticed John wore contact lenses.5. He thought it was pretty difficult to wear glasses with no ears.News ReportA Galaxy of Film Prize WinnersScriptThe European Film Awards- First Hollywood, then Cannes, and now Pairs?The European Film Awards ceremony was held in Pairs in early December, honoringthe best in European and world films.Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark was the overall winner of the evening, receivingawards for the best European film and best actress- Bjork..The audiences was disappointed, however, as neither von Trier, Bjork, nor theOscar-winning Italian director Roberto Benigni showed up to accept awards.Still, other prize winners did come. The Irish actor Richard Harris, who was given anaward for lifetime achievement, gave a humorous thank-you speech that was the highpoint of the evening.Another internationally known acton Jean Reno, also gave an enthusiastic thank-youspeech. The French actor received an award for European achievement in worldcinema, for his international firm career.Other VIPs from around Europe also attended. But most of the prizes at the ceremony,which people have been calling “the European Oscars”, went to French films.There was one international film award, which went to a French-Hong Kongco-production, Wong Karwai's In the Mood for Love.Uint5II. Basic Listening Practice9. ScriptW: I bought a camera from your store. Here's my receipt. I know it's just warrantyperiod, but the camera hasn't worked properly for some time, and now it's notfocusing at all.M: We're sorry you've has problem with one of our cameras. I t seems that thecamera has suffered some damage, but you've been a regular customer, and we'dlike to look after this problem for you. Til just give you a replacement.Q: What will the man do?lO.ScriptW: We're upright all our staff equipment, and we'll need 50 laptops are 1st of nextmonth. In the past I've always found of your prices to the best.M: You're right about that, we do have the lowest prices in the country. We'd be gladto fill your order. Just send me the specs for each, and Fil send you a quote thatI'm sure you will take.Q: What does the man mean?3. ScriptW: We ordered 50 from your company, but on the invoice I see there?s an extra chargefor shopping. I thought shipping was included in the quote.M: Shipping is included; there must be a mistake on the invoice. Fl! straighten on themistake and send you a new invoice.Q: Which of the following is true?4. ScriptM: This was s time-sensitive document! There's no point in delivering it three hourslate!W: I'm sorry, sir. Perhaps I could connect you to our complaints department if youwish to take it further.Q: What is true of the document?5. ScriptM: We were very surprised to receive such bad service from a company we've donebusiness with in the past. So now we have this problem, and I'd like to know whatyou're going to do about it.W: I think this is the result of a breakdown in communication, and we need to look atour communication methods both internally and externally. Obviously we want tokeep our clients happy, and unfortunately we've fallen short this time. I'm here tomake sure it won't happen again.Q: What is the reason of the problem, according to the woman?Keys: l.C 2.D3. A4.B5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Attending a Business ReceptionScriptChris: I've been looking forward to this reception for weeks. I can't wait to get sureof my own leads. You know, start making new connections.Nora: Smart thinking. But what are you going to do with all those brochures?Chris: The paily ends at two, I figure I can have them all distributed by one-thirty,Nora: No, no, no, no. Let me clue you in. Those brochures will make you look like agreen hand.Chris: What should I do then?Nora: Hand out business cards. That's the way to do it.Chris: I don't understand what's wrong with these brochures about our company.Nora: This room is going to be filled with potential clients, but there is an unwrittenlaw; you leave your work at the door.Chris: But how am I supposed to get anything of this if we can't talk business?Nora: You have business cards. Get out there and exchange cards. Just get a card fora card.Chris: Then follow up on Monday?Nora: You catch on quick. Let's split up so we can cover more ground.Chris: Great idea. This is going to be a piece of cake. I'll meet you back here at two.Chris and Nora are going to a reception. Chris is eager to making new connections. Asthe party ends at two, he intends to have all those brochures distributed by one- thirty.But Nora disagrees, saying that those brochures will make him look like a green hand.She advises him just to hand out business card and leave his work at the door. ButChris wonders how he can get anything out of this if she can't talk business. To this,Nora insists that he should just get a card for a card. Chris catches on quickly andknows that he can hand out business cards now and follow up on Monday. Finally,Nora suggests splitting up so that they can cover more ground. Chris feels it will be apiece of cake and promise to meet her back there at two.Task 2: A Work Qualification TestScriptOnce there was a Scottish accountant. The business has been in the family forgenerations and generations. Over time, with the countless clients that had gone inand out of the office, the marble step in front of the building had developed a big,deep dip in it from all the wear and tear.The accountant's friends kept telling him that he had better get it replaced; otherwisehe'd be sued if anyone ever slipped and fell.Reluctantly, the accountant called a stonemason to get a quote for the repairs. Whenthe stonemason got there, the accountant demanded a price for a new step.“Ah, big job,“ said the e stonemason, "But I suppose I could give you a new step for ahundred pounds." The accountant was stunned. < 4Are you crazy, man? I can't pay youa hundred pounds!,9 Thinking about it for a second, he turned to the stonemason andasked, "What would you charge me to dig up the step and turn it over so that the wornpart is in the ground and I'd get a new square step?” The stonemason hesitated,“20pounds.”“Do it!” Demanded the accountant, uAnd call me when you're done.^^The accountant went back inside to read his books, but after only 15minutes thestonemason rang the bell. As the accountant opened the door, he saw the stonemasonstanding there, pointing to a deep dip in the step. The stonemason laughed as he said,“Your great-great granddaddy thought of that a hundred and fifty years ago!”Keys: FTFFTFor Reference3. countless clients that had gone in and out of the office4. He turn the step over so that the worn part was in the groundTask3: Where to Start Your BusinessScriptYou have to consider the location when launching a business. You will be ''planningyour business tree?, there and will have to maintain it for years to come. You have tokeep in mind a few things when deciding on a place t open your business.First of all, you have to take the local economy into consideration. Is your local areagrowing and building? Are the market trends good? Even if you have to locate yourbusiness farther from your home, try to find a place that is building up and bringingpeople in. The worst thing you can do is to pick a place that is in the “bad area oftown^^ because it is less expensive. Your address can be the first thing people will askfor, and it can say a lot about your business.The second thing you have to bear in mind is the job market. Since unemployment islow in most area in the Unites States, consider what type of employees you will needand find out if there are many in your area. The amount of money that you will have to spend I the recruiting phase could be an indicator that you should or should notlocate the business in an area with a different employee pool.Another factor people have to consider is whether you can integrate with the localcommunity and get to love it. To make the community warm to you, you shouldbecome involved in it by joining the local Chamber of Commerce, BusinessAssociation, City Council Committees, or other local organization that could offeryou help. Why plan on retiring “one day“ to some great location? Why not move therenow and start your dream business?21. What is the speaker mainly talking about?22. What must you find if you are going to locate a business at a distance from yourhome?23. According to the speaker, what is the worst thing you can do?24. What will the recruiting money tell you?25. What can you do the get on well with the locate people?Kes: 1D2.C3. C4.A5.CFor ReferenceTo decide on a good business location, one has to consider the local economy, the jobmarket there, and whether you can integrate wit the local community.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 I am having cash problems.Bill: Helen, you started this company only a year ago. If you want it to grow. I'mafraid you need to do something about cash flow.Helen: Bill, although you've worked here only for a couple of months, you alreadyknow this company inside out. I am having cash problems.Bill: Clearly you don't have the money you need to buy the equipment to becompetitive. You have just barely enough funds to cover your day-to-dayoperational expenses.Helen: I think my best bet is to secure a smaH-business loan.Bill: I don't think that's possible. It seems to me you don't have the collared for aloan.Helen: What can I do then?Bill: Try the Small Business Association. They help underwrite loans for a smallbusiness.Helen: So, even though I don't have much collateral, I can still quality for a loan?Bill: Under this special program, possibly.Helen: That would really help me cover our overhead. I just need to get some timeto get the revenues up.Bill: Apply for the small-business loan, and keep your fingers crossed!Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: You've worked as a consultant for a long time, so you know the company insideout. Tm having cash problems.B: I see. If you want the company to grow, I'm afraid you need to have more funds.Clearly you don't have the money you need to buy the equipment to becompetitive. You just barely have enough funds to cover your day-to-dayoperating expenses.A: I think my best bet is to ask the bank loan.B: I don't think that's the best solution. Nowadays the interest rates are very high.You'H have a difficult time paying back the loan.A: What can I do then?B: Try a business incubator.A: What can I get from them?B: They offer a range of services such as consultancy, training, and more importantly,venture capital.A: Can I really get venture capital from them?B: Possibly, if you prove your company is promising.A: Good, that would really help me cover our overhead. I just need some time to getrevenues up.B: Well, apply for a risk investment, and keep your fingers crossedM0DEL2 I have some very bad news.Helen: Bill, I've been searching for a loan, but I was rejected everywhere. Now Pmafraid I have some very bad news.Bill: What is it?Helen: Well, the company has been experiencing serious financial difficulties forquite a long time now.Bill: I know we've been operating in the ced for the past few months.Helen: Exactly. After a long discussion with my partners, Fve come to the conclusionthat the best course of action is to file for bankruptcyBill: What? Bankruptcy? I didn't know you were in this kind of serious financialtrouble.Helen: Sales have been low all year long. Now two of our leading competitors arediscussing a merger. Then we'll have to face even stiffer competition. I feelthe situation is going to go from bad to worse. We simply can't afford to keepour doors open for long.Bill: When do you plan to make the announcement to tell all the employees?Helen: Early next week.Bill: What kinds of severance package will we able to offer them?Helen: Unfortunately, the best we can do is offer one month's salary.Bill: Oh! How terrible! OK, Til contact Vivitek and see if they are interested inacquiring our company.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: I have some very bad news.B: Whafs that?A: The company's products haven't sold well for a long time, you know.B: Yeah. I know we've been operating a t a loss for several months.A: Exactly. And after a long discussion with my partner, I've come to the conclusionthat the best course of action is to file for bankruptcy.B: What? Bankruptcy? I'd suggest that you find a merger partner instead. Withcombined strength, we can face the stiff market competition.A: Our sales have been low a long time. Who will be willing to merger with us?B: You can tell them we have a team of well-trained skilled workers and ourequipment is not technologically backward. In fact, we have a lot of to offer.A: Sorry, but I'm still not confident at all. I still prefer to declare bankruptcy.B: When do you plan to make it known to the staff?A: Sometimes next month.B: What kind of severance package are you going to offer them?A: Unfortunately, the best we can do is offer one month's salary.B: That's terrible.M0DEL3 We've been looking for a merger partner.ScriptBill: I hear that Vivitek has been considering acquiring a CD manufacturer forsome time.Jessica: That's quite true. What's on your mind?Bill: My boss Helen thinks that our company would be a good match for Vivitek.And we've been looking for a merger partner.Jessica: Are you sure youroueration has much to bring to the table?Bill: De-nitely. The quality of our products is first-rate, and we have manyreliable sales out lets. What's more, Vivitek can propel us to even greaterheights. It will be an all-around excellent match.Jessica: I think it might be, though we have yet to discuss details.Bill: As a matter of fact, we've already received a few attractive bids.Jessica: Well, we of curse need to come up with a plan that is attractive for bothpartiesBill: True, but my boss has to keep our shareholders' interests in mind.Jessica: It's reasonable to keep your employees' welfare in mind.Bill: Yes, we don't want to disappoint them.Jessica: Then let's talk about specifics.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: I hear that your corporation has considered acquiring a software developmentcompany for some time.B: That's quite true. What's on your mind?A: We've been looking for a merger partner*. And we think our company would be agood match for you.B: Definitely. We have a number of first-rate programmers (program writers\softwareengineers), and one of our software products is a hit.A: Then why do you want a merger?B: We can certainly survive on our own. The problem with us is that we don't asmany reliable sales outlets as you have. We hope your company can propel us toeven greater heights.A: As a matter of fact, we've already received a few attractive bids. So we have to becautious in making a decision.B: I hope you will find our company an all-around excellent match. The merger wilturn out to be a win-win (double-win\two-win) situation.A: I think that might be, though we still have to discuss specifics.B: Well, we of curse need to work out a scheme that is attractive for both parties.A： True, we have to keep in mind the interests of the shareholders of both sides.B: Good. That's why they call you headhunters.V. Let9s TalkScriptMartin: Dick, would you review the result of the survey on leisure sporting activities.We need to plan our proposal for this Friday's business meeting.Dick: Sure. I've summarized the results in the handouts, broken down by customerage groups and sporting activities. The survey was administered to 550 menand women between the age of 18 and 55 years old, and the results have beencompiled in the following age groups: 18to 26, 27to 35,36to 45, and 46to 55.According to the results, the most active group involved in sporting activitiesis between 18 and 26 years old, followed by those 36to 45 years old.Martin: Okay.Dick: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two groups citedjogging as their favorite recreational sport followed by skiing, tennis,swimming, and cycling.Martin: And what about these groups broken down by gender?Dick: Oh, Martin, thanks for bringing that up. Men appears to be slightly moreactive than women in the 18 to 26 year-old age group, but women seemmore active in the other three groupsMartin: Hmm. Based on what you have said, I think we should consider targeting the18 to 26 year-old age group more in the future. I also feel we should considerexpanding our line of athletic shoes, particularly jogging shoes and tennisfootwear. We also have to come up with a more appealing slogan aimed atthis age group.Dick: I see what you mean. However, the 46 to 55 age group is becoming moreconcerned about staying fit. I believe this trend will continue, so we shouldnot neglect them.Martin: I see your point. Well, let's meet again on Wednesday to iron out moredetails of this proposal.Results of the SurveyAge GroupsThe two most active age groups insporting activities are those between 18and 26 years old and those 36・45 yeansold.Sporting ActivitiesThe sports those two groups like are inthe order of jogging skiing, tennis,swimming, cycling.GenderIn the 18-26 year-old group, men appearto be slightly more active than woman.In the other three groups, women seem tobe more active.Decisions Based on the SurveyTargetingThe 18-26 year-old age groupExpandingThe line of athletic shoos, particularlyjogging shoes and tennis footwearNot neglectingThe 46 to 55 age group, because they arebecoming more concerned about stayingfitDiscussionSAMPLEA: How many people do you think we have to survey before we can have a clear ideaabout the sales potential for each product?B: I think our survey must be administered to at least 300 men and women of variousages, incomes and occupations. Otherwise the results won't be reliable.A: Perhaps we can use our common sense to predict the results.B: Obviously, young people pay more attention to their clothes than older people, andthey tend to buy more.A: It's clear that women are more active in buying dresses. Our production shouldtarget women.B: What do you think about the various income groups? Do you think we should aimmainly at the high income group?A: It's hard to say. Some rich people are very careful with their money. So, we have towait until the investigation results come out.B: Now let's switch to sports shoes. Which group do you think may be active?A: I guess the young people may buy the most because many of them like sports agreat deal.B: I think this group will be followed by the old group instead of the middle-agedgroup. The old people are becoming more concerned about staying fit.A: I agree. And I believe this trend will continue, so we shouldn't neglect them.B: What may be the result broken down by gender?A: Many people think men are more active than women, but I'm not quite sure.B: Ok, let's carry out our survey as early as possible and let facts speak forthemselves.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Hot Business IdeasScriptBusiness ideas are all around you. Many business ideas come from a careful analysisof market and consumer needs. If you are interested in starting a business, but don'tknow what product or service you might sell, here are some ways that may help youfind one.First of all, you should study how to value to an existing product. The difference rawwood and finished wooden products is a good example of putting a product throughan additional process that increases its value.But additional processes are not the only way value can be added. You might also addservices, or combine one product with other products. For instance, a local farmwhich sells produce can also offer a vegetable delivery service- for a free.What business ideas can you develop along these lines? Focus on what products youmight buy, and what you might do to them or with them to create a profitablebusiness.Some people have another way of making profit. They improve an existing productsor service. We all know that the person who can build a better mousetrap will make alot of money. That person could be you! A local entrepreneur has created an improvedversion of the hula hoop. It's bigger and heavier, so hula-hoopers can control it moreeasily and do more tricks. How did she come up with this business idea? She thoughthula hooping would be a fun thing to do with her daughter, but found thecommercially available product too flimsy.There are very few products or services that can't be improved. Start generatingbusiness ideas by looking at the products and services you use and brainstormingideas as to how they could be better.20. What is the first way the speaker mentions that helps you produce a business idea?21. Which of the following methods does the speaker NOT mention?22. Why does the speaker mention the mousetrap?23. Which of the following is true according to the passage?24. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?Keys: l.C 2.B3.B4.A5,DTask 2: What do you know about business?ScriptHistorically, the term business referred to activities or interests. By extension, theword became, as recently as the 18th century, synonymous with “an individualcommercial enterprise”. When referring to activities, the terms business and industrysometimes appear interchangeable. Thus a fisherman might say either that he is in the“fishing business”, which is a bit colloquial or that he works in the “fishing industry”,which sounds somewhat formal. The word “trade“ may serve as an equivalent of both“business" and "industry”.People establish business in order to perform economic activities. With someexceptions, such as non-profit organizations and institutions of the government,businesses exist to product profit. In other words, the owners and operators of abusiness have receiving or generating a financial return for their time, effort andcapital as one of their main objectives.One can classify businesses in many different ways. In recent years, servicebusinesses have become increasingly popular. They offer intangible products andtypically have different, usually smaller, capital requirements than manufacturers.Distributors need smaller funds than manufacturers.Most laws specify the foirns that a business can take, and a body of commercial lawhas been developed for each type. Some common types include partnerships,corporations, also called limited liability companies, and sole ownerships.Task3: An office boy or a billionaire?A jobless man applied for the position of “office boy“ at Microsoft. The humanresource manger interviewed him, and gave him a test: clean the floor.“You are engaged,“ he said, “give me your email address, and Fil send you theapplication form to fill and tell you when you will start.^^ The man replied, "I don'thave a computer or an email.”'Tm sorry,“ said the HR manager, 6tif you don't have an email, that means you don'texist. And whoever doesn't exist can't have the job!”The man left with no hope at all. He didn't know what to do, with only 10 dollars inhis pocket. He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy a crate of tomatoes. Hesold the tomatoes in a door-to door round. In less than two hours, he succeeded indoubling his capital. He repeated the operation three times, and returned home with60 dollars. The man realizes that he could survive this way, and started to go out earlyand returned late every day.Thus, his money doubled or tripled every day. A little later, he bought a cart, then atrunk, then he has his own fleet of delivery vehicles. Five years later, the man was oneof the biggest food retailers in the United States. He started to plan his family7 future,and decided to buy life insurance. He called an insurance broker, and chose aprotection plan. Before the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him for hisemail address. The man replied/51 have no email.”The broker replied,You don't have an email, and yet have succeeded in building anempire! Can you imagine what you could have been you had an email.^^The man replied,6 4 An office boy at Microsoft!^^For Reference1. “If you don't have an email that means you don't exist. And whoever doesn'texist can't have the job!”2. He sold the tomatoes in a door-to door round. In less than two hours, hesucceeded in doubling his capital. He repeated the operation three times, andreturned home with 60 dollars.3. He bought a cart, then a trunk, then he has his own fleet of delivery vehicles.Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers in the UnitedStates.4. He started to plan his family' future, and decided to buy life insurance. He calledan insurance broker, and chose a protection plan.5. He thought that with an email , he would have become an office boy atMicrosoft.News ReportA Historic Settlement between the Law and BusinessScriptBill Gates, Microsoft Chairman:We hope that when the state attorney general fully reviewed the settlement, they willalso agree that it's the right way forward. Litigation is never a good thing for anyindustry or any company. We have said for some time that we would go the extra mileto resolve this case. That is exactly what we did in reaching this settlement.The experience of the past the three years hs had a profound impact on me personallyand on our company. We are in a fast-moving, competitive industry, but we will focusmore on how our actions affect other companies.John Ashcroft, U.S Attorney General:Today we are announcing a strong, historical settlement reached by the Department ofJustice and the Microsoft Corporation that will put an end to Microsoft's unlawfulconduct, bring effective relief to the marketplace, and ensure that consumers will havemore choices in meeting their needs of computing and working with their computers.This settlement is the right result for consumers and for businesses, the right result forthe economy, and the right result for government. It provides prompt, effective,certain relief for consumers and removes the uncertainty in the computer market, acritical factor in today's economy.Unit 6II. Basic Listening Practice11.ScriptW: Are those cigarettes yours? I thought you quit. If you go back to it, your teeth andfingers will be nicotine-stained; your breath and clothes will smell smoky.M: I didn't. I swear. Ads showing diseased lungs kept me from starting again. Believeme, ril never again be a slave to smoking.Q: Why didn't the man go back to smoking?ScriptM: What's that noise? It's really loud! Sounds like gunshots!W: It's the local 66youth^^ throwing firecrackers. Don't go out. They're likely to throwone at you or put one through the letterbox if you bother them.Q: What may the young people do?3. ScriptM: I wish I had left my wallet at home. But I'm sure I put it in my back pocket.W: Oh, no, it's easy for a pickpocket to take it from there. You should out your moneyin your breast pocket.Q: What should the man do, according to the conversation?4. ScriptM: I hate that subway station. Whenever you come our, you're always plagued bybeggars.W: I know, but the kids really get to me. I can't help but feel sorry for them. Theylook so miserable.Q: What do the man and woman think about the young beggars?5. ScriptM: The bank call me today: they wanted to know if I spent 3,000 dollars in a furnitureshop this morning! Of course I didn't!W: Someone must've made a copy of your credit card. It's easily done. You'll have tocancel it at once and get a new one. Hopefully, the bank will cover the damage.Q: What does the woman recommend the man to do?Keys: l.C 2.C3. B4.A5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: How to Solve Unemployment ProblemScriptAlan: I have a meeting with my accountant tomorrow morning. She's preparingmy income tax return, and I need to go over some of the receipts with her.Pamela: Income tax return! Don't you think the government just squanders ourhard-earned tax on some unnecessary projects?Alan: Sure, someone they do, but we are living pretty well and, to be honest, Idon't mind paying taxes. If I'm paying income tax, it means I'm earningwould be much lower.Pamela: If the poor would just get jobs, our taxes would be much lower.Alan: Most people would rather work than receive charity, but the situation iscomplex: sometimes there are no jobs that they are trained for.Pamela: Then they should take the needed training- upgrade their skills andknowledge to become more employable.Alan: Training and upgrading cost money. Some government tax dollars aredirected to programs that help the poor get jobs.Pamela: But even when jobs are available, some of the unemployed don't want towork. They would rather have a handout.Alan: It's partly a matter of education. Some people have to be educated torealize how much fuller their life would be if they were not dependent oncharity.Pamela: I think the government should attack unemployment by reducing the tax rate.That would put more money into people's pockets, then they would spendmore, and the spending would create more jobs for the poor.Alan: Many people would agree with you.Alan's accountant is preparing his income tax return, so he needs to go over some ofthe receipts wit her. Pamela complains that the government just squanders people'shard-earned tax money on some unnecessary projects. But Alan does not mind payingtaxes, saying it means he is earning money, which is better than living on charity.Pamela insists that if the poor would just get jobs, taxes would bee much lower. Alandisagrees, saying most people would rather work than receive charity, but sometimesthere are no jobs that they are trained for. But Pamela asserts that the jobless peopleshould take the needed training to upgrade their skills and knowledge to become moreemployable. Alan believes that some of the government tax dollars are alreadydirected to training and upgrading programs that help the poor to get jobs. WhenPamela says some of the unemployed don't want to work, preferring to have handouts,Alan points out that some people have to be educated to realize how much fuller theirlife would be if they ere not dependent on charity. Pamela is, however, moredown-to-earth, thinking the government should attack unemployment by reducing thetax rate. That would give people more money; then, they would spend more, whichwould create more jobs for the poor.Task 2: A Professional GamblerScriptIn a bar a guy told the bartender, 'Tm a professional gambler; Fve made of lots ofmoney from gambling.^^The bartender answered, “I can hardly believe it. Your odds are fifty-fifty at best,right?^^“Well, I only bet on sure things,“ said the guy.“Like what?” asked the bartender.The bartender thought about it, 4tOkay,^^ he said.So the guy pulled out his false right eye and bit it, “Ah, you screwed me,“ said thebartender, and paid the guy fifty dollars."1'11 give you another chance, ril bet you another fifty dollars that I can bite my lefteye,“ said the stranger.The bartender thought it over again and said, “Well, I can see you're not blind. riltake that bet.”So, the guy pulled out his false teeth and bit his left eye. And the bartender had to payhim another fifty dollars.Then the guy went to the back room to play cards with some of the locals. After manyhours of drinking and card playing, he stumbles up to the bartender and said,"Bartender, ril give you one last chance. I'll bet you 500 dollars that I can dumptomato juice into that whiskey bottle three foot away without spilling a drop.”The bartender thought the guy must be drunk now, “Okay, you're on,“ he said.The guy began dumping tomato juice all over the bartender, but no a drop fell into thewhiskey bottle.The bartender was oveijoyed. Laughing, the bartender said, “Hey, pal, you owe mefive hundred dollars!,?The guy said, "That's okay. I just bet the guys in the card rooml, 000 bucks each, thatI could dump tomato juice all over you but you still laugh!”Keys: TFTFTFor Reference5. Because not a drop tomato juice fell into the whiskey bottle, and he was to win thebet of 500 dollars.6. Because he just bet the guys in card rooml, 000 buck each that he could dumptomato juice all over the bartender and still make him laugh.Task3: Fighting Teen SmokingScriptThe percentage of teens who smoke cigarettes dropped to 28% in 2003, according to areport by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. That was down from 36% in1999 as measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. It's a triumph for many peopleacross the nation who worked tirelessly to reverse the climb in teen smoking ratesduring the 1990s.An equal accomplishment many be discovery of what works to influence teens'motivation and behavior. Success has come in communities with a comprehensiveprogram to fight tobacco use by teens. The best school health classes won't havemuch effect on teen who already smoke. Many of them need professional help beforethey can quit. Another interesting finding is that nearly all first use of tobacco occursbefore high school graduation. So if adolescents don't start smoking by age 18, oddsare they never will. For those who do experiment with cigarettes, new research showsteens can get hooked on nicotine more quickly than adults and by extremely lowlevels of tobacco.Now the bad news: while the teen smoking rate is down to 28%, that still means morethan one in four teenagers still smoke. Public health and parents are not ready toabandon a quarter of today's young people to the damaging effects of tobacco.Obviously, it is still too early to celebrate a complete victory. There is still much roomfor improvement.26. What percentage did the teen smoking rate drop by?27. What happened in the 1990s, according to the speaker? Useful for reducing teensmoking according to the speaker?28. What is especially useful for reducing teen smoking according to the speaker?29. What is the bad news mentioned in the passage?30. What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1D2.A3. B4.C5.For ReferenceBefore the age of 18. According to the passage, if adolescents don't start smoking byage 18, odds are they never will.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Nursing home abuse is a national epidemic.John: Nora, what are you doing? What are these notes about?Nora: Well, they are for a 1,000 word essay on abuse on the elderly, due Monday.John: That's a big topic. What made you decide to write about that subject?Nora: Granny's going into a nursing home. And this essay is driving me crazy.John: NaiTow down the topic. Pick one aspect, like nursing home. Do an outline.Nora: You mean list the ideas under headings: Introduction, Body, and theConclusion?John: Yes. In the Introduction, say people live longer now, crowing nursing homes.Nora: Then maybe in the Body I can explain how the owners try to save money onfood and care.John: Right. Here I see a good quotation: "Nursing home abuse is a nationalepidemic.”Nora: I have statistics: 500 homes inspected; in onedhird, care was substandard.John: Mention government offices and lawyers who'll help in cases of abuse.Nora: Then, I think I can summarize the main ideas about the helpless elderly in theConclusion.John: Good. When you've written a first draft, read it aloud to eliminate awkwardspots.Nora: I'm feeling a lot better about this essay and a lot less worried about Grannynow.John: The essay is a piece of cake; but ensuring Granny's OK is a lot harder.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Oh, Bobby, so you've come to see me again.B: How are you doing? Hope everyone is OK here.A: My God, I can hardly bear the life here. This nursing home is driving crazy.B: What's wrong?>A: You see, there are to many old people here, but far too small a staff.B: Yeah, that's probably because people live longer now, crowding nursing homes.A: So we can hardily get attention. The owner tries to save money on food and care.B: I see, nursing home abuse is now a very common problem. I heard of one surveywith statistics: 300 homes were inspects, and in nearly half of them care wassubstandard.A: Sometimes they even beat me. I don't know where and how I can get help.B: In theory government offices and lawyers can help you in cases of abuse.A: But it is inconvenient for me to contact government offices again and again, andI'm too poor to hire a lawyer.B: OK, aunt, since it's hard to ensure you're Ok here, I'll take you home. Mary and Iwill take care of you.A: Are you sure Mary thinks in the same way as you do?MODEL2 This beauty battled the bottle.Chris: Hey Nora.Nora: Hey Chris. How is it going?Chris: Not too bad. Sit down. Sit down. Hey, who was that food-looking girl youwere talking to near the auditorium?Nora: "The Drunken Doctor”, Dr Doyle, who gave dynamite Ladies Only lecture.Chris: No, no. I mean the blonds, healthy-looking, the twenty-something girl in blue.Nora: Yeah, exactly. She's a doctor, but she used to be a drunk. Now sh。

tells womenthe dangers of drinking.Chris: I can't imagine some one as pretty as she is to be a drunk. Ard a doctor, too!Nora: She says there are alcoholics all over the world, 16 million plus just in the U.S.Chris: I'm surprised that there are so many people who lack the will-pownr to stop.Nora: It's a disease that strikes young and old, rich and poor, and al walks of life.Chris: Drunks are often dirty old men begging for money. How did Dr. Doyle gethooked?Nora: She was an intern in a big hospital: long hours, little sleep, and constantstress.Chris: I suppose at first alcohol helped her to relax, but she realized.Nora: First it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle, then drinks to wake up.Chris: That's a sad story.Nora: More inspiring than sad. She got help and stopped. Now she helps others. Isn'tthat wonderful?Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Hi, John, I'm so glad to see you are back!B: It's nice to be home again, Mom.A: Oh, you smell terribly of alcohol and tobacco. You didn't smoke or drink beforeyou left home a year ago. How did you get hooked?B: As an assistant engineer, I had to work might shifts often. I felt lonely and began todrink and smoke. That helped me to relax.A: So gradually you drank more and more?B: Yeah, first it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle, and then I drank to wakeup.A: Oh, I simply can't imagine my handsome son to be a drunk and a heavy smokernow. Can't you stop?B: It's difficult. I lack the will-power to stop.A: But remember the dangers of heavy drinking and smoking. Sooner or later you'lldevelop high blood pressure, heart trouble, or liver trouble.B: There are alcoholics all over the world, and they are still living.A: I'm sorry that drinking and smoking ate diseases that strike young and old, richand [poor, and all walks of life. Young must get help and stop.B: OK, Til try my best.MODEL3 There are high risks with games of chance.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris. Why so you look so depressed?Chris: Oh, it's my brother. You know, he has got a gambling problem. You can'tunderstand gambling as an addiction unless you've been hooked.Susan: Apparently it's like being addicted to drugs or alcohol. You just want moreand more.Chris: It's exactly like alcoholism; it takes over you life. It's on your mind constantly.Susan: Yeah, like some horrible disease. But you can get help.Chris: My brother tried to stop, but he felt restless...bad tempered. His nerves werealways on edge.Susan: Did he try Gamblers Anonymous? It's a self-help group with experience justlike his.Chris: Yeah, he's not alone. It's estimated there are 10 million addicts in America.Susan: I don't want to nag him, but isn't it a question of taking control of his life?Chris: I see your point, but he's a compulsive gambler.Susan: I know. But if he gets help, maybe he91 1 get better.Chris: No doubt. It'll be tough. Though but worth it.Susan: Remember the proverb "Better medicine has wholesome effects.5 9Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Good morning, Mr. Brown, I'm a correspondent with the magazine Health. I heatyou've overcome your gambling problem. First of all, could you describe yourproblems in the past?B: Yeah, I did have serious gambling problems. You can't understand gambling as anaddiction till you've been hooked.A: Could you tell me your feeling at the time?B: There was a sensation like the one that comes with drugs or alcohol, and I wantedmore and more.A: How do you compare it with alcoholism?B: It's like alcoholism; it takes over your life. It's on your mind constantly.A: Did you try to get help?B: At first I didn't. I tried to stop on my own, but I felt restless and bad-tempered. Mynerves were on edge.A： I see it's difficult for a compulsive gambler to overcome the problem. But how did you finallyget rid of it?B: I went to a doctor for help. He made me realize that it was a question of gettinghold of my life. He told me that if I thought of it as a disease, I would probably becured. He also gave me some medicine.A: I guess it was a thought fight.B: Yes, though but worth it. Anyway, "Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.^^V. Let9s TalkScriptToday TH be presenting a report on our findings on the condition of the world'spopulation. It may be a surprise to you that half the people in the world live on lessthan two dollars a day, and one billion people live on less than one dollar a day.I'm going to look at poverty and its relationship to population issues. We must workfast if we hope to reduce poverty by half, by the year 2015.Our survey shows that the first step should be to improve health-care systems. In theworld, poorest countries, people are expected to live just 49 years. One in ten childrendoesn't reach his or her first birthday. According to our study, poor health and povertyare linked. Women are affected most by poor-care systems, especially pregnantwomen.The second job we have to do, as many of you can guess, is to reduce birth rates. Wehave found that when given a choice, poor people in developing countries have fewerchildren than their parents dis. A possible reason for this is probably that smallerfamilies have fewer expenses and more chances of increasing their earnings andsavings.Since the 1970s, developing countries with lower birth rates have had faster economicgrowth. They have had higher productivity, more savings and more investment.Obviously we must encourage family planning and lower birth rates.Now, here is the third measure we must take: promote education in developingcountries. Investing in education, especially for women, can reduce poverty. Educatedwomen have more opportunities to work and a chance to live better. Moreover, theytend to send their children to food schools so that they can climb the social ladder.Well, any questions? None? OK. Now m talk about the fourth step we need to take...Measures to Take in DevelopingCountriesProblems and Reasons for Taking theMeasuresl.To improve health care systemsIn the poorest countries:1. People are expected to live just 49years.2. One in ten children doesn't reach hisor her first birthday.3. Women are affected most by poorhealth・caue systems, especiallypregnant women.2.To reduce birth rates1. Smaller families have fewer expensesand more chance of increasing theirearnings aad savings.2. Countries with lower birth rates havehad faster economics growth.3. To Dopularize educationInvesting in education, especially foewomen, can reduce poverty:1. Educated women have moreopDortunities to work and can livebetter2. They are more likely to send theirchildren to good schools so that thechildren will climb the social ladder.DiscussionSAMPLEA: To reduce poverty, it is very important to lower birth rates, as the speakersuggested in his lecture.B: True. Smaller families have fewer expenses and more chances to increase theirearning and savings.A: Moreover, developing countries with lower birth rates have had faster economicgrowth.B: It's equally important to popularize education.A: Yes, investing in education, especially for women, can reduce poverty. Educatedwomen, you know, have more opportunities to work and a chance to live better.B: Moreover, they tend to send their children to food school s so that they will climbthe social ladder.A: The speaker also mentions the necessity to improve the health-care system. In fact,poor health and poverty are linked.B: I agree. If you are not in good health, you can't work well to get good pay. What'smore, you have to spend lots of money on seeing doctors.A: Some countries are economically backward, so they try to develop a powerfultourism industry, and in this way they earn a lot of money.B: I think it is more important for them to develop their national economy. With fasteconomic growth, many people will shake off poverty.A: Poverty can be alleviated further by economic aid from rich countries.B: But I think technological aid from advanced countries can be more significant.With better technology, poor countries can develop faster on their on,. As theChinese saying goes, it is better to teach someone how to fish than to give himfish.A: If less developed countries are allowed to export more of their workforce, they canearn more foreign currency.B: This requires developed nations to lower their tariff barriers.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Held Back Because I Speak SpanishScriptI was raised speaking English, but I also spoke Spanish at home. When I went toschool for the first time, I was enrolled in ESL classes- classes of English as aSecond Language. I was also put in the Limited English Proficiency Program. In allthese classes, I always got the highest grades. I was the best reader and speaker. Thereas no reason for me to be in any of those classes.When my parents discovered that I was in those classes instead of in regular classeswith other English-speaking students, they went to the school administration tocomplain about the discrimination. The school had nothing to say. My parents tried toget me out of the ESL classes, but the school fought it very hard to keep me there.And then we found out why- for every student the school had in the ESL and LimitedEnglish Proficiency Program, they would receive$400. This was pretty devastating.The school's only excuse for keeping me there was because I lived in aSpanish-speaking household, and that I was influenced by the way my parents spoke.My parents were outraged, but I remained in the ESL and Limited English ProficiencyProgram until I was in the fifth grade.Then parents transferred me to another school where they had friends. The new schoolgave me an English proficiency test. I aced it. SO I didn't have to attend thoseprograms fbr non-native English speakers. I was finally on the right track and back atthe head of the class. The first school I had would have never let me out of thoseprograms or even let me take the test. I was too “Spanish” for tern.25. What kind of class does the speaker think he should attend?26. What was the real reason the speaker was placed in a Limited English Proficiencyclass?27. What was the excuse the school used to put the speaker in an ESL class?28. How did the speaker perform in the regular English class?29. When the speaker described his first school, what were his feeling?Keys: l.C 2.D3.A4.B5.ATask 2: Drinking, Gambling and GolfScriptA man was walking in the city when he was accosted by a particularly dirty-lookingbum, who asked him for a couple of dollars for dinner.The man took out his wallet, extracted two dollars and asked, “If I give you thismoney, will you take it and buy whiskey?^^“No, I stopped drinking years ago,“ the bum said.“Will you use it to gamble?”“I don't gamble. I need everything I can get just to stay alive?”“Will you spend the money on green fees at a golf course?"9“Are you nuts? I haven't played golf for 20 years!”The mad said, “Well, Pm not going to give you two dollars. Instead. I'm going totake you to my home for a terrihc dinner cooked by my wife.”The bum was surprised, "Won't your wife be furious with you for doing that? I knowI'm dirty, and I probably smell pretty bad.”The man replied, "That's OK. I just want her to see what a man looks like who'dgiven up drinking, gambling, and golf.”Task3: Why buy lottery tickets?ScriptCharles: Did you hear? Next week's lottery will be 28 million dollars! You got yourticket yet?Joan: I didn't buy lottery tickets, and I don't gamble on other ways, either.Lottery tickets ate just another way of taxing the poor.Charles: What do you mean by that?Joan: Many of the big spenders on lottery tickets ate poor. They are spendingmoney they can't afford to spend.Charles: I just buy lottery tickets for fun. You know... the first prize is a huge amount,and if would be exciting.Joan: But you don't need the money to enjoy life, so for you it's a game. But whenthe poor buy lottery tickets, it is often out of desperation.Charles: You must be right. Casinos are opening everywhere, and many people go ongambling holiday- you can even take a gambling cruise.Joan: Imagine being on an ocean cruise and spending all your time indoors bentover a card table or a roulette wheel.Charles: Maybe there should be some programs to help people overcome theirgambling addictions something similar to Alcoholics Anonymous.Joan: There's indeed an online program that can help. But nobody can forcegamblers to join it. They must first want to be cured themselves.For Reference6. She thinks many (of the) big spenders on lottery are poor, spending money theycan't afford to spend.7. He just buys lottery tickets foe fun. He thinks if he won a huge amount, it wouldbe exciting.8. They buy lottery tickets out of desperation. And the thrill of a win, of somethingfor nothing, is addictive.9. Casinos are opening everywhere, many people go on gambling holidays, and onecan even take a gambling cruise.10. It will be helpful to habitual gamblers only when they want to be curedthemselves.News ReportHumanity is indivisible.ScriptKofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations:Peace must be sought above all because it is a condition for every member of thehuman family to live a life of dignity and security.We have entered the third millennium through a gate of fire. If today, after the horrorof 11 September, we see better and we see farther, we will realize that humanity isindivisible.New threats make no distinction between races, nations, or regions. A new insecurityhas entered every mind, regardless of wealth or status. A deeper awareness of thebonds that bind us all, in pain and in prosperity, has gripped young and old...becausebeneath the surface of state and nations, ideas and language, lies the fate of individualhuman beings in needed. Answering their needs will be the mission of the UnitedNations in the century to come. Thank you very much.Uint7II. Basic Listening Practice12.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it's easy to think we knoweverything about the world; but we still don't understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of thewarm Pacific current that brings storms or drought- the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect,holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improvethings?W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun's energy for heating andlighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the houseclean with wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.M: That's why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant treesalong the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do?4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they containCFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of oldrefrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do?5. ScriptM: Hey, that's an aerosol spray you're using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire tothe apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die ofcancer.W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn't contain CFC s. And you'd better read a littlemore. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent, so there's noreason to panic.Q: What does the man mean?Keys: l.B 2.D3.A4.A5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed: I think so. Umm...more now than before.Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the worldtoday?Ed: Today...I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and anotherproblem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed: Umm...through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, andsome TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stufflike that.Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school?Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all theproblems that are going on. And also to prevent more problems fromoccurring.Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be?Ed: A new law for the environment? Umm...I'd probably say that whenpeople throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into thegarbage bin, not just throw them everywhere because it's just littering andI hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on theground.Martha: That's a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect theenvironment?Ed: r m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get reallyangry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect natureever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the worldtoday, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TVprograms promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn moreabout the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems andprevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment, he saidthat when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them in thegarbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throws histrash into the garbage bin.Task 2: A Work Qualification TestScriptAccording to a report by Australian researchers, the hole in the ozone layer overAntarctica will probably start closing within five years. They say it may becompletely closed within fifty years. The ozone layer protects the Earth fromdangerous radiation from the sun. The hole in the ozone layer was discovered overAntarctica almost thirty years ago. At the time, it was three times the size of Australia.The report found that ozone-destroying gases in the upper atmosphere were at or neartheir highest levels in the year2000. But since then, there has bee continuous progressmade toward the recovery of the ozone layer.Satellite information showed that levels of ozone-destroying gases in the atmosphereare slowly decreasing. At its largest this year, the ozone hole covered more than 15million square kilometers. That is down from a yearly average of 23 million squarekilometers over the last six years.Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are responsible for destroying part of the ozone layerover Antarctica. CFCs have been widely used since the 1930s in cooling devices suchas refrigerators and air conditioners. CFCs remain in the atmosphere for years.Government scientist say the level of chlorine in the atmosphere is decreasing becauseof restrictions on the use of chlorofluorocarbons. The chemicals were restricted underan international agreement called the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Under the Protocol,developing countries promoted to cut their use of chlorofluorocarbons in half by theyear 2005. They also agreed to an eighty-five percent cut by the year 2oo7.Keys: FTTFTFor Reference7. It was three times the size of Australia.8. They promised to cut their use of CFCs in the half by 2005 and agreed to an 85percent cut by 2007.Task3: A Mild EI NinoScriptThe EI Nino weather condition has returned. However, official at the United StatesNational Weather Service say EI Nino is weaker than usual this year. EI Nino is achange in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. It happens every four or five years.Normally, water temperatures in the western Pacific Ocean increase near the end ofthe year. This cause more rainfall in Indonesia, Australia and other nearby place. Atthe same time, cold ocean water cause less rainfall in the eastern Pacific Ocean, nearSouth America. The opposite happens during EI Nino. Pacific Ocean temperaturesincrease near South America, causing unusually high amounts of rainfall there. Incontrast, EI Nino causes dry weather in Indonesia and Australia.A strong EI Nino can severely affect the weather all over the world. The last powerfulEI Nino was in 1997 and 1998. It caused major floods in many places. EI Nino alsoled to extremely dry weather in some other areas. Reports say the weather caused thedeaths of about 24,000 people.So experts say having a weaker EI Nino this year is good news. Meteorologists sayrainfall has been higher than usual in South America. The experts say the effects of EINino will begin to show in November in the United States. The northern states mayhave a wanner winter. But, scientists say EI Nino will not be strong enough to preventthis year's powerful storms in the Atlantic Ocean.31. According to the passage, how often does EI Nino happen?32. What normally happens in the western Pacific Ocean?33. What did the EI Nino in 1997 and 1998 cause?34. What is NOT mentioned as a result of this year's EI Nino?35. What is the central idea of the passage?Kes: 1C2.A3. D4.B5.CFor ReferencePacific Ocean temperatures increase near South America, causing unusually highlevel of rainfall there. Dry weather results in Australia.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weather?Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humidweather is killing her. She believes the weather has changed.John: What she means is the climate's long-term conditions; weather refers only today-to-day conditions.Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her,saying, "It's all is your mind, Granny.^^John: She's right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global wamiing andrain.Nora: How can I explain global wanning and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-oldGranny?John: lell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let inlight and trap heat.Nora: Think she'll want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhousegases?John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won't stopit.Nora: m tell Granny not to bum any more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair.John: OK, joke about it, but it won't be so funny when the polar icecaps melt andoceans rise.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: How are you getting along during this usually hot weather?B: Not well at all. Over the last few weeks the hot, humid weather is killing me. Ibelieve the climate has changed.A: Yeah, the summer is hotter, and winter wetter.B: Do you know why all this has happened?A: The greenhouse effects bring global warming and rain.B: What do you mean by greenhouse effects?A: The earth is now like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let light in andtrap heat. You know, carbon monoxide from earth is a greenhouse gas.B: I see. Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won'tstop it.A: The important thing is that human beings should take steps to reduce globalwarming.B: What can we do then? Perhaps we should not burn any more wood or coal.A: Right. Also we should try to produce less CFCs or Freon.B: How can we achieve that?A: Don't use aerosol spray on your hair, and depend less on air-conditioners andrefrigerators..B: But it's hard to give up all this.A: But we must take action before polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.M0DEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donationsto save the rainforests.Chris: So what?Susan: So what?! Don't you want to save the rainforests?Chris: But there9re no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates.Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to densevegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical areas, but thereare also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know that?Susan: Well, Pve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live inthe world's rainforests, and 35 percent of the world's plant and animal speciesexist only in rainforests.Chris: Wow, I'm impressed. So what else have you learned?Susan: Most of the world's rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers,farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres aminute!Chris: It's terrible!Susan: Yeah, we've got to End a way to save them. Now would you like to give adonation?Chris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the world's rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers anddevelopers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy! , Many of the world's plant and animal species exist only inrainforests.A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, we've got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?B: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn't have a lot of forestscompared with many countries.A: That's true. Fve just read an article about afforestation. China's forest coveragerate was 18.21 percent last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Don't lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just 16.55percent.B: Any other good news?A: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it's the world's No.l planter oftrees.B: Wow, I'm impressed.MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. You're back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, that's bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around myhead.John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science,Fve heard ihe dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of thr world, and unfortunately ourcity is one of them.John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the windcomes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it can travelvery long distances.Susan: Normally, when there's a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautifulweather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you can'tbreathe, you can't see well, and it's dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. Andit's not just China that has problems, but many other counIries. For example, themiddle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes upvery high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problem?Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid taddress the environmental problem.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Tm so glad to be back home, again. Oh, what a clear blue sky!B: Yes, the wind has cleared the air. I hope you still remember the situation a coupleof years age; that is, when you were here. Each spring a big sandstorm struck our city.A: Oh, that was bad. That air was filled with sand and dust. I had to wear a scarfaround my head.B: I had to cover my mouth and nose with a handkerchief. And facial makes sold well.The dust came from the north, and it often rose after a long dry spell.A: If the drought continued, the soil was easily airborne. And when the wind came,the soil was swept up on the cold air, and it could travel very long distances.B: When the dust was brought in with the wind, we could hardly breathe, we couldn'tsee well, and it was dangerous for driving.A: How did your town solve the problem?B: Not only our town. In fact, people in the whole province planted a lot of trees andgrass so that the soil would stay where it is.A: I see. The government launched an afforestation project to deal with the sandstorm.The green shelter belt is playing a role.V. Lefs TalkScriptLi: Hi Professor Wang, Fm Li Lin, a correspondent from the UniversityNewspaper. The staff and students here are getting more and more interested inthe relationship between the environment and development. What do you thinkis the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures shouldwe adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the sametime?Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution,desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train,over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of allthose problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth andthe environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people andgovernments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainable development”.This means today's economic growth should not wipe out he resources andoptions for future generations. Planning and development should ensure notonly economic growth, but also social advancement and environment health.In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled.Instilling principles of development into government planning, resourcemanagement and economic policy is the most important step China could taketo solve its environmental problems.China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to theenvironment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the governmentbanned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protectforests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between environment and development persists.Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance betweeneconomic growth and the environment.Environment Problemsair pollution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing,destruction of natural habitats, acid train,over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc.Central problemsthe contradiction between economic growth and theenvironment.A New Ideasustainable devvloomnet; it means:(1) Today's economic growth should not wipe out heresources and options for future generations.(2) Planning and development should ensure not onlyeconomic growth, but also social advancement andenvironment health.(3) some economic behavior must be restricted orcontrolledWhat China Could DoInstill principles of sustainable development intogovernment planning, resource management and economicpolicyWhat China Has DoneChina has already taken some remarkable steps to reducedamage to the environment.e.g. Following the huge floods of 1998, the governmentbaannd logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze RiverThe AimA balance between economic growth and the environment.DebateSAMPLEA: In my opinion, we must give priority to economic growth. At present China'seconomy is not strong enough, and the per-capita GDP is much smaller thanthose of advanced countries.B: I beg to differ. Compared with 30 years ago, the Chinese economy has developed agreat deal, and at the same time it has produced a lot of pollution. It is high timewe gave environmental conservation serous consideration.A: It seems to me that it's more urgent for us to improve people's life. If we don'tboost our economy, we can't raise the living standards..B: Td like to draw your attention to the fact that environmental problems are alreadyaffecting people's lives. Didn't you hear that the poisonous substances factoriesdump into rivers are killing fish and causing cancer among people?A: Well, you have a point there, but we should be aware that an economicallybackward nation is also militarily weak, and therefore it tends to be bullied bystronger countries.B: If China wants to follow the trend toward economic globalization, it has to meetthe international environmental criteria. Even if you can make a lot of products,they can't be exported if they are environmentally unfriendly.A: OK, people we'd better combine out point of view and strike a balance betweeneconomic growth and environmental conservation.B: That certainly makes sense. What we need is sustainable development.A: To achieve this goal, we have to burn less coal, petroleum and wood because theycan't e reproduced easily.B: Right on, we can rely more on solar energy. We can also make more use of waterpower if the dams we build don't present great environmental hazards.A: Also, we should not build so many roads because they occupy so much farmland.B: Yeah, we should turn more to water transportation. By transporting more cargoalong rivers and the coast, we can ease the burden on highway transportation.VL Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Thick Cloud of Pollution Covering Southern AsiaScriptA United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asiathreatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists say the pollution could increaselung disease and cause early deaths. The cloud is also damaging agriculture andaffecting rainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollutioncloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world ina week.The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and hugeincreases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries and power stations.Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs made the problem worse. Many poorpeople burn of fuels wood and animal waste in such stoves.Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfall levels in Asia. Theysay rainfall has increased over the eastern coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharplyover parts of northwestern Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rainfall overnorthwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and western China by up to forty percent.Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damagescrops and trees and threatens public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollutionwill intensify during the next thirty years as the population of Asia increase to anEstimated 5,000 million people.30. What is the true of the cloud of pollution?31. What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution?32. What does the cloud of pollution bring about?33. Why will the pollution intensify in the next 30 years, according to the passage?34. What do you think is the best title for the passage?Keys: l.D 2.B 3.A4.C5.CTask 2: Mountain regions face a number of dangers.ScriptMountain people around the world are in great danger of the negative effects of theworsening environment, according to a UN report.As global wanning and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder placesmore accessible, environmental and social pressures on the world's remotest regionsincreases.The UN has found that many mountainnus regions- inhabited by one out of five ofthe world's people- are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they erelike 60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattlegrazing and agriculture.The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of its mountain areas to experiencesevere climate change by 2055. Biological losses are expected to be heavy. Themountains of Europe, part of California and the northwest Andes in South Americaare among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be givenpriority in conservation.The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problem facing mountain areas becausethey are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people. These people could losetheir culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages inEurope are deserted most of the year. In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting tothe cities in search of work.Task3: Digging a HoleScriptA fellow stopped at a rural gas station and, after filling his tank, he bought a soft drink.He stood by his car to drink his cola ad watched two men working along the roadside.One worker would dig a hole two or three feet deep and then move on. The otherworker came along behind and filled in the hole. While one was digging a new hole,the other was about 25 feet behind filling in the old hole.“Hold it, hold it J the fellow said to the men. "Can you tell me what's going on herewith this digging?”“Well, we work for the country government,one of the men said.“But one of you is digging a hole and the other is filling it up. You're notaccomplishing anything. Aren't you wasting the country's money?^^“You don't understand, mister,M one of the men said, learning on his shovel andwiping his brow, "Normally, there9s three of us, me, Joe, and Mike. I dig the hole, Joesticks in the tree and Mike here puts the dirt back.”“YeahJ piped up Mike. “Now Joe is sick but that doesn,t mean we can't work, doesit?”For Reference6. One worker would dig a hole two or three feet deep and then move on. The otherworker came along behind and filled in the hole.2. He asked them, “Can you tell me what's going on here with this digging?,,/Heasked them what was going on there with that digging.9. Because one of them was digging a hole and the other was filling it up. They werenot accomplishing anything.10. Normally there were three of them, the worker who answered him, Joe and Mike.The first man dug the hole, Joe stuck in the tree, and Mike put the dirt back.News ReportSanta's Hometown in DangerScriptWeather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming, onewhich many people will pay attention to: There are signs that Santa's home in theNorth may be in trouble because of warmer temperatures.The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say isthe home of Santa Claus, has had its warmest winter in 40 years. As a result, there hasbeen much less snow than usual- meaning no snowmen, no snowballs and possiblenot enough snow for Santa to ride his sleigh on.More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa's wintryhometown normally attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millions of dollars.Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be introuble if snow levels do not return to normal. She explains: "Snow is really importantfor us, of course. For Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our wintertourism because winter is our best season. It is really important for us.”Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is a one-time thing.Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santa does not have a white Christmas.Unit8Flying there is not half the funII • Basic Listening Practice1 ScriptM： would you prefer a window or an aisle seat, madam?W： Aisle, please. If therefs none left, then a windo w seat is OK. But I don't likemiddle seats。

Q: what is the order of the woman's preference?C: aisle-wingdow-minddle2 ScriptM： rd like to fly economy to Thailand on October 8th. 1 want to book two tickets.W： we have only one seat left in economy, but we will give you two business classseats for the same price as one economy and, one business class seat.Q： What can the man get?B: Two business class tickets at a reduced price3 ScriptM： Excuse me, where do I check in for British Airways to London? I can't find theright check-in counter.W： You should go to Counter 26 on the left-hand side. sir. It's just next to ThaiAir. You'd better hurry, though. There\ a long queueQ： What does the woman say? ”C)The British Airways counter is counter26.4 . ScriptW： Airport security checks always make me nervous. Tm afraid r 11 set off the alarmbecause of the jewelry V m wearing.M： I know. Fil set off the security alarm. I have a steel plate in my arm from a rugbyInjury.Q： Why will the man set of the alarm?D)Because he has a metal plate in his body5 . ScriptM： Welcome home! Here, let me take your suitcase. The car is out in the parking lot.your plane was two hours late： you must be exhausted.W： Yes, we have to check in three hours before take-off time； secufity guards Ukeages searching carry_0n stuff, but they ignore check-in baggage. Strange system.Q： What is the woman NOT complaining about?A)Security guards search her check-in suitcaseIII. Listening InTask 1: the smaller the airport, the bigger the checkupPaul： The airport security checks sometimes seem very strange to me.Sylvia： What do you mean?Paul： I just completed an international flight. And with all the threats to security oftravel today I expected to have my luggage searched.Sylvia： that's understandable. I mean, with all the fear that's out there about terrorism,of course they9re going to check your baggage—especially your carry" —ons.Paul： I don't mind them checking my baggage. In fact, I expect it. But there seemsto be an inverse ratio at work.Sylvia： What on earth do you mean? They check everyone's baggage, don't they?Paul： Yes, but here's what's funny： The smaller the airport, the greater thesecurity. The less likely a plane is to be hijacked, the more precautions they take.Sylvia： Are you serious? Why should a small airport be more aware of security than alarge one?Paul： Here's what Fve experienced： Once at a small airport, they seized a roll ofadhesive tape and argued that it could be used in hijacking. Then they asked me toremove my digital camera from its case and demonstrate that it could take pictures.Sylvia： And is this different from a large airport?Paul： According to my experience, it is. When I flew from Vancouver to Paris, theysimply ran my bags through the scanner, and 1 was on my waySylvia： If that's the case, the baggage checking system is really strange.Paul finds the airport security checks sometimes very strange. In an internationalflight he did expect to have his luggage searched. Sylvia agrees, knowing that withallthe fear that's out there about terrorism, they will check passengers5 baggage一especially their carry-ons. In fact, Paul does not mind them checking his baggage butthere seems to be an inverse ratio■ —at work： The smaller the airport, the greater thesecurity. The less likely a plane is to be hijacked, the more precautions theytake. Paul further says that once at a small airport, they seized a roll of adhesive tapeto prevent hijacking. They also asked him to remove his digital camera from its caseand demonstrate that it could take pictures. On the other hand, a large airport isdifferent. When Paul一flew from Vancouver to Paris, they simply ran his bagsthrough the scanner, and he was on his way. Finally, Sylvia admits that the baggagechecking system is strangeTask 2: jet lagJet lag is the feeling of tiredness that comes after crossing time zones in anairplane. People get jet lag often, especially if they travel far. For example, a flightfrom New York to Beijing is a tong trip. Passengers will cross many time zones andmay have a bad case of jet lag. However, there are some things that can help reducejet lag. First, drink a lot of liquids. Water is the best liquid to drink. Also, eat low一fat foods during the flight. Noodles are always a good choice. Next, try to do someexercise on the plane. Walk around or stretch your muscles. Also, try to adjust yourschedule to correspond with the local time as soon as you can. For instance, if youusually go to sleep at 10 p.m., then when the local time is 10 p. m ., go to bed. Finally,when you arrive at your destination, get some exercise. Ask the front desk clerk wherethe hotel's gym is. Remember that if you adjust your schedule to correspond with thelocal time, your jet lag will not be too bad. In general, your body takes only a fewdays to reset its biological clock, and you'll soon overcome jet lag.1. T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.TTask 3: $10 is $10One day, an old man named Stumpy and his wife Martha went to the Illinois StateAviation Fair A man was selling plane tides for$10 per person. Stumpy was fascinatedand said to, Martha, UI think we really should try that. nMartha replied, uI know youwant to, Stumpy, but we have a lot of bills. You know the money is tight, and$10is$10.^^ So Stumpy went without. Over the next few years they returned every year tothe fair, and the same thing happened： Stumpy wanted a ride, but Martha said theycouldn't afford it. Finally, when Stumpy and Martha were both about 70 years old,Stumpy fixed his eyes on Martha and said, aMartha, V m 70 now, and I don' t knowif r 11 ever get the chance again, SO I just have to have a ride in that airplane.''Martha replied in the same old fashion, and Stumpy became depressed. The pilotstanding nearby overheard the conversation and he cut in, “Excuse me folks, I have adeal for you. r il take both of you up together, and if you can both make the entiretrip without uttering a word, r il give you the ride for free. But if either of you makesa sound, it's $1 0 each. " Martha and Stumpy looked at each other and agreed. Thepilot took them up, and started to climb, spin, dive, climb and spin again. There wasno sound. After the pilot landed the plane, he praised the old man, “ 1 want tocongratulate you for not making a sound. You are a brave man. uMaybe SO, “ saidStumpy, Ubut I got to tell you, I almost screamed when my wife fell out, but$10 is$101. A)what did the old man want?B)He wanted to have a ride in the plane.2. What reason did the old woman give for not riding in the plane?A)They had to pay a lot of bills.3. What happened when the old man and woman were about 70 years old?C)The man wanted to fly but the woman did not want him to.4. What deal did the pilot offer?C)The couple could have a flee ride if neither of them made a sound during the trip.5. What happened to the old woman finally?D) She fell out of the planeIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 I*d like to book hotel and airline reservations.Travel agent: Horizon Travel, how may I help you?Helen: This is Helen Parker. I'd like to book hotel and airline reservations.Travel agent: And what*s your destination. Ms. Parker?Helen: Fm headed for Las Vegas to attend an electronics trade show.Travel