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1、职称英语卫生类A级模拟13第1部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线， 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 S a lly lik e s to tease h e r b ro th e r ab o u t h is g i r l f r ie n d s .A. charm B. lau g h a t C. c r i t i c i z e D.re s p e c t2、 A m erica 1 s em phasis on th e im p o rtan ce o f e d u c a tio n fo r ev ery o n e has sp
2、urreds c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h .A. enco u rag ed B . en d an g ered C. en d o rsed D.e n la rg e d3、 You have to fo llo w th e g u id e whose sole i n t e r e s t is to co v er a l l s p o ts a c c o rd in gto h is s t r i c t s c h e d u le .A. o b v io u s B. sim p le C. o n ly D.assum e
3、d4、 In 1861 z i t seem edinevitable th a t th e S o u th ern s ta t e s w ould b re a k away fromth e U n io n .A. s tra n g e B. c e r ta in C. in c o n s is te n t D.p ro p e r5、 T echniques to harness th e en erg y o f th e sun a re b e in g d ev elo p ed .A. c o n v e rt B. s to r e C. u t i l i
4、 z e D.re c e iv e6、 F ir s t e d itio n s o f c e r ta in p o p u la r books can n o t be o b ta in e d for love or money .A. a t any p la c e B. a t any p ric e C. in any lan g u ag e D.in any c o u n try7、 In a b u l l f i g h t , i t is th e m ovem entz n o t th e c o lo r o f o b je c ts th a t
5、 arousesth e b u l l .A. c o n fu ses B. e x c ite s C. s c a re s D.d iv e r ts8、 S u lfu r has occasionally been found in th e e a r th in an alm o st p u re s t a t e .A. r e g u la r ly B. a c c id e n ta lly C. som etim es D.s u c c e s s fu lly9、 Many fin e cooks insist on in g re d ie n ts (
6、成分)o f th e h ig h e s t q u a lity .A. demand B . r e ly on C. p re p a re fo r D.c re a te10 The company recommended th a t a new p e tr o l s ta tio n (should) be b u i l t h e r e .A. o rd e re d B. in s is t e d C. su g g e ste d D.dem anded11 I t h a rd fo r th e young p e o p le to im agine w
7、 hat severe c o n d itio n s t h e i r p a re n tsonce liv e d u n d e r.A. s in c e re B. h a rd C. s t r i c t D.tig h t12 They a g re ed to settle th e d is p u te by p e a c e fu l m eans.A. so lv e B. d e term in e C. u n tie D.com plete13、 The po 1 i c e contended that the difficulties they fa
8、ced were too severe.A. argued B . predicted C . said D .suggested14、 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.A. despair B . difficulty C . need D .danger15、 The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarceresources.A. puzzlingurgentB . difficultC . terrify
9、ingD.第2部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。An Observation and anExplanationIt is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towardsher baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little commentzbut the positio
10、n in which she holds the baby against her body when restingis rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent ofmothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the leftside of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preferencemost people r
11、eply that it is obviously the result of the predominance ofright - handedne s s in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms,the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailedanalysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight differencebetween ri
12、ght - handed and left-handed females ； but not enough to provide adequateexplanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the babyon the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words,only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands fre
13、efor actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side ofthe mother1 s body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vitalfactor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhapsd
14、uring its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get usedto the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of thisfamiliar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant z especiallyas it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world.
15、 If thisis so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that herbaby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.16、 We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds herbaby against her body.A. Right B . Wrong C . Not mentioned17 Mo
16、st left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in theirleft arm and keep the right arm free.A. Right B . Wrong C . Not mentioned18 The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left sideexceeds that of left- handed ones by 22%.A. Right g . Wrong C . Not mentioned19、 The
17、fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left siderenders the first explanation unsustainable.A. Right B . Wrong C . Not mentioned20、 The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother 1 s body providesthe most convincing explanation of a l l .A. Right B . Wrong C . Not menti
18、oned21 A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened.A. Right B . Wrong C . Not mentioned22、 The writer * s explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact thatbabies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothersz left arms than inthe right arms.A. Right B. Wrong C.
19、Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子下面的短文后有2项测试任务： 第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题； 第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Museums in the Modern World1 . Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged fewor for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy arewords used in descr
20、iptions of museums now.2 . At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand onend as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the MetropolitanMuseum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments whilelistening to their music. At the Modem Museum in Sw
21、eden, you can put on costumesprovided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reachingout to new audiences, particularly the youngz the poor, and the less educatedmembers * of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.3 . More and more, museums directors are realizing
22、 that people learn best whenthey can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums,for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles forhimself. He can have the experience of opera
23、ting a spaceship or a computer.He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is notonly to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world (y science .The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fearit z and those who fear science will not
24、 use it to best advantage. Many museumsnow provide educational services and children * s departments. In addition tothe usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Insteadof being places that one should visitz they are places to enjoy.4 . One cause of all these changes is the i
25、ncrease in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. Theyare better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and differentway. They are not content to stand and l
26、ook at works of art； they want artthey can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the U S ,certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond thebasic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world aroundthem. The young people in these groups ,
27、like young people in generalz havebenefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups,and the rest of the population as wellz have been influenced by television,which has taught them about other places and other times.5 . The effect of all this has been to change existing
28、 museums and to encouragethe building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About halfof them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between thearts and sciences . The number of visitors, accor
29、ding to the American Associationof museumsz has risen to more than 700 million a year.6 . In factz the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem.Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, butnow some museums are charging entrance fees for the first ti
30、me or raisingtheir prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too lowto support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trainedstaff .23、 Paragraph 2A. Causes of ChangesB . Increasing Number of Museums and VisitorsC . Museums Getting Closer to More SpectatorsD .
31、Movies Shown in MuseumsE . New Notions about the Management of MuseumsF . Places to Visit24、Paragraph3_25Paragraph426、Paragraph5_27、 Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, butA. have higher demands of museumsB . are open to more people with different social backgroundC . to leng
32、then their opening hoursD . charge too little for admissionE . have been built and open to publicF . by lowering the admission fees28、 With the development of society, people z especially the young people29、 To meet the needs of society, more museums30 Two major problems for museums are that they ha
33、ve too many visitors andthey_第4部分：阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who haveconsistently high blood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory testsas their peers with lower levels of the stress hormon
34、e. Whatz s more, highlevels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, HhealthyHrange can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results nowprovi
35、de substantial evidence that long-term exposureto adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderlyhumans, write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the University of Kentuckyin Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in responseto stress by the adrenal g
36、lands z which sit on top of the kidneys.Over a 5 to 6-year period z D r . Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers zmost of whom were in their70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants couldbe dividedinto three subgroupsz those wh
37、ose cortisol progressively increased over timeand was currently high (increasing/high) ； those whose cortisol progressivelyincreased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate)； andsubjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate(decreasing/moderate).The researchers teste
38、d the volunteers1 memory on six people in theincreasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/highcortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in thedecreasing/moderate group.The resea
39、rchers also found that the totalz volume of the hippocampus inthose in the increasing/high group was 14 % lower than those in thedecreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brainregions.The results suggest that 1 1 . . . brain aging can be accelerated by levelsof adrenal h
40、ormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and thatvariation within, this normal range is related to variation in the rate ofbrain aging, * write Porter and Landfield. This further, suggests that chronicstress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. ,31、 The part of the brain impor
41、tant for a person1 s learning, and memory isA.thecortisol.B.theadrenal glands.C.thestress hormonesD.thehippocampus.32 When the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the brain mayA. become larger.B . become smaller.C . disappear completely.D . be totally damaged.33、 According to the articl
42、e, when people feel too worried or nervous or whenthey overwork,A. the adrenal glands will produce a stress hormone.B . the kidneys will produce adrenal glands.C . the hippocampus will produce high levels of cortisol in the blood.D . the brain will work more effe4tive-y*34、 It appears that when the
43、total volume of the hippocampus becomes smalleras a result of high blood levels of cortisol, other brain regionsA. become smaller too.B . become larger.C . may remain the same in size.D . maybe damaged.35、 The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows thatA. changes in the levels of adrenal h
44、ormones have nothing to do with brainaging.B . changes in the levels of adrenal hormones may affect brain aging.C . chronic stress may strengthen a man * s memory.D . the rate of brain aging always remains stable.弟一 扁Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human popu
45、lation. Manypeople alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had beenborn 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, there are more peoplearound at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not anin- crease in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
46、Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency （ 依赖）load. Inall societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work aredependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gatheringcultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to d i e . Inti
47、mes of famine （ 饥荒） , infants might be allowed to die because they couldnot survive if their parents starved （ 使挨饿） ,whereas if the parents survivedthey could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feela moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or n o t . We ha
48、vea great many people today who live past the age at which they want to workor are able to works we also have rules which require people to retire ata certain age . Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United Statesz many retired pe
49、oplelive on social security checks which are so little that they must live innear poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged （ 中年 ） peoples unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, theymust often go on welfare （ 福禾! j ） if they have a serious illness.When ol
50、der people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselveszthey create grave problems for their families . In the past and in some traditionalcultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with mostmembers of a household working or in schoolz there is often no one at home
51、who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursinghomes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often prof it-makingorganizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofitgroups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them a
52、re simplyndumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid,overworked, and under skilled personnel.36、 The writer believes that the population explosion results fromA. an increase in birthrates. B . the industrialdevelopment.C . a decrease in death rates. D . cultural advances.37
53、It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering culturesA. it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.B . infants could be left dead in times of starvation.C . parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.D . death was considered to be f
54、reedom from hardships.38、 According to the passage, which of the following statements about retiredpeople in the United States is trueA. Many of them have a very hard life.B . They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C . They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D .
55、Most of them live with their children and therefore are well lookedafter.39、In Paragraph 3 z the phrase this need refers toA.B.C.D.thethethetheneed to prolong the lives of old people.need to enrich the life of the retired people.need to build prof it-making nursing homes.need to take care of sick an
56、d weak people.40、 Which of the following best describes the writer 1s attitude toward mostof the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?A. Sympathetic. B . Unfriendly. C . Optimistic. D .Critical.Famous American FoodsWhatz besides children, connects mothers around the world and across theseas of
57、time? I t1s chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says.From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedyfor those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on w ancientwriters of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher andphysician
58、Moses Maimonides extolled （ 赞美）its virtues.Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higherestimation than four-legged, animals because the air is less dense than theearth. Chickens got another boost （ 吹捧）in the Book of Genesis, where it iswritten that birds and f ishWere created
59、 on the f if th day z a day before four-leggedanimals.But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three yearsexploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chicken1s realOr imagined curative （ 治愈的）powers comes from its color.Her new book, The Whole World Loves Chicken
60、 Soup, looks at the belovedand mysterious brew with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughoutthe ages, she said, There has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foodsare easier to eat or the weak-woman and the ill.HIn addition, soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoonH arec
61、onsidered comfort foods Sheraton said. * I love soup and love making soupand as ! Was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish.It has a universal mystique as something curative z a strength builder z H Sheratonsaid from her New York home.Her book treats the oldest remedy as if
62、 it Was brand new.The National Broiler Councilz the trade group representing the chickenindustry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they boughtchicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percentsaid it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in
63、fat.41、 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Prominent American Foods.B . History of the Chicken Soup.C . Chicken Soup Recipes.D . Chicken Soup, a Universal Cure A l l .42、43、44、45、Since ancient times, the value of chicken soupA.B.has been over-estimated.has been widely ack
64、nowledged.C.hasbeenappreciated only by philosophers.D.hasbeenknown only to mothers.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Chicken soup has a very long history.B . Since ancient timesz chicken soup has been a home remedy.C . Poultry usually stands higher than four-legged animals.D . Four-le
65、gged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.According to Sheraton, chicken soup has curative powers mainly forA.itscolor.B.itstask .C.itsflavorD.itsrecipeIt can be said from the survey that chicken isA.B.C.D.a main dish.a popular food.cheaper than any other food.all of the above.第5部分：补全对话下
66、面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Dung to deathFields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of theantibiotics （ 抗生素）given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manuresprayed （ 喷射） onto fields as fertilizers （ 肥料） ,could be getting into ourfood and water, helping
67、 to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant“superbugsThe warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levelsof the drugs in farm slurry.46Some 20z 000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and theUS each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent d
68、iseaseand promote growth. 47Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistantstrains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end ：up inmanure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institutefor Environmental Science and Technology in Dub
69、endorf. 48With millions of tons of animals manure （ 施月巴于）spread onto fields of cropssuch as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely routefor spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate （ 污染） the crops,which are then eaten. 49Mueller is particularly concerned about a
70、 group of antibiotics calledsulphonamides . 50 His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a highpercentage of sulphonamides ； each hectare of field could be contaminated withup to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to triggerthe development of resistance among bacteri
71、a. But vets are not treating theissue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics,are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excretedunchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage （ 用污水灌溉）treatment.A. They do not easily deg
72、rade or dissolve in water.B . And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistantto antibiotics, he says.C . Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attentionhas been paid.D . But recent research has found a direct link between the increased useof these farmyard d
73、rugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs thatinfect people.E . His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one ofthe few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animalsfeed .F . They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneathfert
74、ilized fields.第6部分：完形填空下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。MigrantworkersIn the past twenty years z there has been an increasing tendency for workersto move from one country to another. 51 some newly independent countries haveunderstandably restricted most jobs to local peoplez others have attractedand
75、 welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the MiddleEast, 52 increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 53 outsidersto improve local facilities. 54 the Middle East has attracted oil-workersfrom the U. s . A. and Europe. It has brought in construction workers andtechnician
76、s from many countries z 55 South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,it is not 56 that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineersand technicians can earn at least 57 money in the Middle East as they canin their own country, and t
77、his is a major attraction. An allied benefit isthe low taxation or complete lack of it. This increases the net amount ofpay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage . 58 , the difficultliving conditions often lead to increased f
78、riendship when workers have todepend on each other 59 safety and comfort. 60 , many migrant workers cansave large sums of money partly 61 the lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greaterchallenge to engineers who prefer to find solu
79、tions 62 problems rather thando routine work in their home country.One major problem which 63 m igrant workers in the Middle East is thattheir jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it isnot easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expectedsince no co
80、untry welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanentresidents . 64 z migrant workers accept this disadvantage z along with others,because of the 65 financial benefits which they receive.51 A. AsB . SinceC . WhileD . Although52 A. whichB . whereC - whenD . there53 A. call inonB . call offC -
81、 call upD . call54、 A. ButB . MoreoverC . BesidesD . Thus55、 A. includeB . includesC . includingD . included56 A. surprisedsurprisingB . surprisinglyC . surpriseD.57、 A. twice as muchas twiceB . twice as manyC . as much as twice D . as many58、 A. SimilarlyB . As a resultC . For exampleD , Anyway59、
82、A. withB . for C . aboutD . in60 A. On the contrary B In a similar wayC . On the other hand D . .Consequently61、 A. because ofB. onC. becauseD. with62 A. inB. aboutC , forD. to63、 A. effectsB, affectsC. detectsD.reflects64、 A. In caseB. In all casesC. In a caseD. Inany case65、 A. considerableB. cons
83、iderateC. consideredD.considering答 案 ：第1部分：词汇选项工 、B2、A3、 C 4、 B5、C 6、B7 B 8、 C9、A ICK C11 B 12 A13 A 14 D 15 D第2部分：阅读判断16、A17、C18 B 19 A20 A21 C 22、A第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23、24、25、 26、27、 28、29、30、第4部分：阅读理解弟 扁31 D32、B33、A 34、C35、B弟一 扁36、C37、B38、 A 39、D40、D第-二-管41、D42、B43、 C 44、A45、B第5部分：补全对话46、47、48、 49、50、第6部分：完形填空51、C52、B53、A 54、D55、 C 56、D 57、 A58、C 5S） 、B60、B 61 A62、 D 63、B 64、D65、A
