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1、Unit 1 Great ScientistsWarming up and Reading Do you still remember them?Jane Goodall(珍妮古道尔 )Yuan LongpingArchimedes(阿基米德阿基米德)Guessing: how much do you know?1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Ancient Greek (287-212BC)A mathematicianChar
2、les Darwin （达芬奇）（达芬奇）2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?the Origin of Species“father of modern biology”3. Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698
3、and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770sThomas Newcomen（汤玛斯斯纽科科门 ）Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遗传学遗传学) and inherited (继承继承,承传承传) characteristics. Between1856- 186
4、3 he grew 28,000 pea plants.Gregor Mendel（孟德尔）（孟德尔）4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Marie Curie（居里夫人）（居里夫人）5. Who discovered radium（镭）（镭）?6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison（爱迪生）（爱迪生）L
5、eonardo da Vinci（达（达.芬奇）芬奇）7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778- 1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous(含氮的含氮的) oxide(氧化物氧化物) (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic(麻醉剂麻醉剂). I
6、n 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Humphry Davy（汉弗莱戴维爵士 ）8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? Zhang Heng, Chinese (78- 139) He invented the first seismograph(测震测震 仪、地震仪仪、地震仪) to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder(圆筒形圆筒形) with e
7、ight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Seismograph （地震仪）（地震仪） Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not o
8、nly absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. 10. Who put forward（提出）（提出） a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking （史蒂芬（史蒂芬霍金霍金 ）Sum up: what similar characteristics do they have? （提示：形容词）（提示：形容词）Possible answers: Hardworking, bright/clever/smart, creative, co
9、-operative, positive, strict, enthusiastic, selfless, Pre-reading: what infectious diseases do you know? (examples?)infectious diseases :They can be spread（扩散，传播）（扩散，传播） to other people. They have an unknown cause. They are difficult to cure. They need public health care to solve them.Pre-reading: w
10、hat do you know about infectious diseases?SkimmingWho was the great scientist in the passage and what was the deadly disease of its day?John Snow choleraCholera: It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. And the victims died very quickly from a loss of
11、 liquid（液体）（液体） after severe vomiting(呕呕吐吐) and diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻).Task 1:Read the text (P2-3) quickly and complete the main idea of it.The text is mainly about _ and how he _.John Snowdefeated cholera ScanningJohn Snow was an doctor in London who Queen Victoria as her personal . He thought about helpi
12、ng ordinary people to cholera. Though the cause and the of it were unknown, he wanted to face the and solve the problem. expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengedraw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a questionFind a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidenceWhat are t
13、he stages in setting out a new scientific idea? (put in right order) Draw a conclusion 得出结论得出结论Think of a method 想出研究方法想出研究方法Collect results 收集材料收集材料Make a question 形成研究主题形成研究主题Find a problem 发现问题发现问题Analyse the results 分析材料分析材料Find supporting evidence找出证据找出证据1234567To prove a new scientific idea, s
14、even stages are needed. Read the text (P2-3) carefully and fill in the blanks. Stage1Find a problemA large number of people died of cholera, but neither its 1. _ nor its 2. _ was understood.Stage2Make a question Theory one: Cholera 3. _ in the air and floated around until it found its victims. Theor
15、y two: When people 4. _ cholera into their bodies with meals, their bodies were attacked.cause absorbed multipliedcure stage3 Think of a method5._ that the second theory was correct so began to gather informationStage 4Collect resultsMarked where the dead people had lived on a(n) 6. _.Stage 5Analyse
16、 the resultsLooked into the 7. _ of the water to see if the problem was the water.map SuspectedsourceBroad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame. Stage6Find supporting evidenceA woman and her daughter who lived far away but both of them died of c
17、holera after 8. _Stage 7Draw a conclusion 9. _ carried the virus. All the water supplies should be 10. _. drinking the water Polluted waterexaminedTask 2: read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.Page 3 exercise 1Answer: 21473856Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.deathPart of Snows Cholera Map1.Read the text and learn the new words by heart2.Find more information about cholera and John Snow on the Internet.Homework:
