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1、机电一体化发展在工业生产所起的作用中英文浅析Shallow of mechatronics development role in the industrial production 现代科学技术的发展极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，引起了工程领域的技术改造与革命。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“ 机械电气化 ” 迈入了 “ 机电一体化 ” 为特征的发展阶段。The development of modern science and tech
2、nology has greatly promoted the intersection and infiltration of different subjects, caused the technological transformation and revolution in the field of engineering. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microelectronics technology and computer technology to the
3、penetration of mechanical industry and mechanical and electrical integration, formed by the technology of mechanical industry, product, organization structure, function and structure, great changes have taken place in production mode and management system, the industrial production by the mechanical
4、 electrification ushered in the development of mechatronics for the characteristics of phase. 一、机电一体化的核心技术First, at the heart of the electromechanical integration technology 机电一体化包括软件和硬件两方面技术。硬件是由机械本体、传感器、信息处理单元和驱动单元等部分组成。因此，为加速推进机电一体化的发展，必须从以下几方面着手：Mechanical and electrical integration include the
5、two aspects of hardware and software technology. Hardware is the mechanical noumenon, sensor, information processing unit and the drive unit and other parts. Therefore, in order to accelerate the development of electromechanical integration, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页m
6、ust begin from the following aspects: （一） 。 。 机械本体技术(a) mechanical ontology technology 机械本体必须从改善性能、减轻质量和提高精度等几方面考虑。现代机械产品一般都是以钢铁材料为主，为了减轻质量除了在结构上加以改进，还应考虑利用非金属复合材料。只有机械本体减轻了重量，才有可能实现驱动系统的小型化，进而在控制方面改善快速响应特性，减少能量消耗，提高效率。Body must improve performance, reduce quality and improve the precision
7、and so on. Modern machinery products are generally based on steel material is given priority to, in order to reduce the quality in addition to improvements in the structure, should also consider the use of non-metallic composite material. Only with mechanical body weight, its possible to realize the
8、 miniaturization of drive system, and then improve the fast response characteristics in terms of control, reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency. （二） 。 。 传感技术(2) sensing technology 传感器的问题集中在提高可靠性、灵敏度和精确度方面，提高可靠性与防干扰有着直接的关系。为了避免电干扰，目前有采用光纤电缆传感器的趋势。对外部信息传感器来说，目前主要发展非接触型检测技术。Sensor prob
9、lem focused on improving the reliability, sensitivity and accuracy, improve the reliability and anti interference has a direct relationship. In order to avoid electrical interference, currently has a tendency to use fiber optic cable sensor. External information sensor, the main development type non
10、-contact detection technology. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页（三） 。 。 信息处理技术(3) the information processing technology 机电一体化与微电子学的显著进步、信息处理设备（特别是微型计算机）的普及应用紧密相连。为进一步发展机电一体化，必须提高信息处理设备的可靠性，包括模/数转换设备的可靠性和分时处理的输入输出的可靠性，进而提高处理速度，并解决抗干扰及标准化问题。Mechanical and electrical in
11、tegration and remarkable progress of microelectronics and information processing equipment (especially microcomputer) is closely linked to popularize and apply. For further development of electromechanical integration, must improve the reliability of the information processing equipment, including d
12、/a conversion equipment reliability and reliability of time-sharing handling of input and output, and improve processing speed, and solve the problem of anti-interference and standardization. （四） 。 。 驱动技术(4) drive technology 电机作为驱动机构已被广泛采用，但在快速响应和效率等方面还存在一些问题。目前，正在积极发展内部装有编码器的电机以及控制专用组件-传感器
13、 -电机三位一体的伺服驱动单元。Motor as drive mechanism has been widely used, but in fast response and efficiency still has some problems. At present, the internal motor with encoder is actively developing and control special components - sensor trinity of servo - motor drive unit. （五） 。 。 接口技术精选学习资料 - -
14、- - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页(5) interface technology 为了与计算机进行通信，必须使数据传递的格式标准化、规格化。接口采用同一标准规格不仅有利于信息传递和维修，而且可以简化设计。目前，技术人员正致力于开发低成本、高速串行的接口，来解决信号电缆非接触化、光导纤维以及光藕器的大容量化、小型化、标准化等问题。In order to communicate with the computer, it is imperative to standardize the format of the data transmi
15、ssion and normalization. Interface using the same standard is not only beneficial to information transmission and maintenance, and can simplify the design. At present, the technical staff is working to develop low cost, high speed serial interface, to solve the non contact signal cable, optical fibe
16、r and optical coupling device of large capacity, miniaturization, standardization and other issues. （六） 。 。 软件技术(6) software technology 软件与硬件必须协调一致地发展。为了减少软件的研制成本，提高生产维修的效率，要逐步推行软件标准化，包括程序标准化、程序模块化、软件程序的固化、推行软件工程等。The development of software and hardware must be coordinated. In order to red
17、uce software development costs, improve the efficiency of production and maintenance, to gradually introduce software standardization, including program standardization, modularization, software procedure of curing, implementation of software engineering, etc. 二、机电一体化技术的主要应用领域精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
18、- 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页Second, the main application fields of electromechanical integration technology （一） 。 。 数控机床(a) CNC machine 数控机床及相应的数控技术经过40 年的发展，在结构、功能、操作和控制精度上都有迅速提高，具体表现在：CNC machine tools and the corresponding numerical control technology after 40 years of development,
19、 on the structure, function, operation and control precision has rapidly increase, the specific performance in: 1、 。 总线式、模块化、紧凑型的结构，即采用多CPU、多主总线的体系结构。1, bus type, modularization, compact structure, which USES the CPU and main bus architecture. 2、 。 开放性设计，即硬件体系结构和功能模块具有层次性、兼容性、符合接口标准，能最大限度地提高
20、用户的使用效益。2, open design, namely, hardware architecture and function module is administrative, compatibility, interface standard, can maximize the use of the user benefits. 3、 。 WOP 技术和智能化。系统能提供面向车间的编程技术和实现二、三维加工过程的动态仿真，并引入在线诊断、模糊控制等智能机制。3, WOP technology and intelligent. System can provide works
21、hop oriented programming techniques and 2, and 3 d dynamic simulation of machining process, and introduce the online diagnosis and intelligent fuzzy control. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页4、 。 大容量存储器的应用和软件的模块化设计，不仅丰富了数控功能，同时也加强了 CNC 系统的控制功能。4, mass storage, application
22、 and software modular design, not only enriched the nc function, at the same time also strengthened the control functions of CNC system. 5、 。 能实现多过程、多通道控制，即具有一台机床同时完成多个独立加工任务或控制多台和多种机床的能力，并将刀具破损检测、物料搬运、机械手等控制都集成到系统中去。More than 5, can realize the process, channel control, so it can machine tools
23、at the same time for multiple independent processing tasks or ability to control more than one and a variety of machine tools, and tool breakage detection, material handling, manipulator control are integrated into the system. 6、 。 系统的多级网络功能，加强了系统组合及构成复杂加工系统的能力。6, system of multilevel network fu
24、nction, strengthen the system composition and the ability to constitute a complex processing system. 7、 。 以单板、单片机作为控制机，加上专用芯片及模板组成结构紧凑的数控装置。（二） 。 。 计算机集成制造系统（CIMS ）7, veneer, single chip microcomputer as control machine, and special chips and template structure compact numerical contro
25、l device. (2) computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) CIMS 的实现不是现有各分散系统的简单组合，而是全局动态最优综合。它打破原有部门之间的界线，以制造为基干来控制“ 物流 ” 和 “ 信息流 ” ，实现从经营决策、产品开发、生产准备、生产实验到生产经营管理的有机结合。企业集成度的提高可以使各种生产要素之间的配置得到更好的优化，各种生产要素的潜力可以得到更大的发挥。（三） 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页 。 柔性制造系
26、统（FMS）CIMS implementation is not the simple combination of dispersed system, existing but global dynamic optimal combination. It breaks the line between the original department, manufacturing as the backbone to control the logistics and information flow, from management decision, product development
27、, production preparation, production experiment to the combination of production and operation management. The improvement of enterprise integration can make all kinds of factors of production between the configuration of the better optimization, the potential of all kinds of factors of production c
28、an be more big play. (3) flexible manufacturing system (FMS) 柔性制造系统是计算机化的制造系统，主要由计算机、数控机床、机器人、料盘、自动搬运小车和自动化仓库等组成。它可以随机地、实时地、按量地按照装配部门的要求，生产其能力范围内的任何工件，特别适于多品种、中小批量、设计更改频繁的离散零件的批量生产。Flexible manufacturing system is a computerized manufacturing system, is mainly composed of computer, nc machine tools,
29、 robots, materials plate, automatic handling car and warehouse, etc. It can randomly, in real time, volume, according to the requirements of assembly department, the production the ability within the scope of any artifacts, particularly suitable for many varieties, small batch, the batch production
30、of discrete parts design change frequently. （四） 。 。 工业机器人(4) industrial robots 第 1 代机器人亦称示教再现机器人，它们只能根据示教进行重复运动，对工作环境和作业对象的变化缺乏适应性和灵活性；第2 代机器人带有各种先进的传感元件，能获取作业环境和操作对象的简单信息，通过计算机处理、分析，做出一定的判断，对动作进行反馈控制，表现出低级智能，已开始走向实用化；第3 代机器人即智能机器人，具有多种感知功能，可进行复杂的逻辑思维、判断和决策，在作业环境中独立行动，与第5 代计算机关精选学习资料 - - -
31、- - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页系密切。First generation of robot which is also called reappearance robot teaching, they can only be repeated according to the teaching exercise, lack of adaptability to the change of work environment and job objects and flexibility 。 Second generation robots
32、with various advanced sensing element, can obtain the working environment and operating object of simple information, through computer processing, analysis, make a judgment, to feedback control of movements, showed low-level intelligence, has begun to practical application 。Third generation robot in
33、telligent robots, with a variety of sensory function, can be complex logic thinking, judgment and decision-making, independent action in the working environment, closely associated with the fifth generation computer. 三、机电一体化技术的发展前景3, mechanical and electrical integration technology development prosp
34、ects 纵观国内外机电一体化的发展现状和高新技术的发展动向，机电一体化将朝着以下几个方向发展：Throughout the development of the electromechanical integration at home and abroad present situation and developing tendency of the high and new technology, electromechanical integration will develop in the direction of the following: （一） 。 。
35、智能化(1) intelligent 智能化是机电一体化与传统机械自动化的主要区别之一，也是21 世纪机电一体化的发展方向。近几年，处理器速度的提高和微机的高性能化、传感器系统的集成化与智能化为嵌入智能控制算法创造了条件，有力地推动着机电一体化产品向智能化方向发展。智能机精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页电一体化产品可以模拟人类智能，具有某种程度的判断推理、逻辑思维和自主决策能力，从而取代制造工程中人的部分脑力劳动。Intelligent electromechanical integration is one o
36、f the main difference with the traditional mechanical automation, also is the development direction of mechanical and electrical integration in the 21st century. In recent years, high performance processing for the increase in processor speed and microcomputer, integration and intelligence of sensor
37、 system create conditions for embedded intelligent control algorithm, effectively promotes the electromechanical integration products to the intelligent direction. Intelligent mechatronics products can simulate human intelligence, it has some degree of judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and auton
38、omous decision-making ability, mental Labour to replace manufacturing engineering in part. 。 。 （二） 。 。 系统化(2) the systematic 系统化的表现特征之一就是系统体系结构进一步采用开放式和模式化的总线结构。系统可以灵活组态，进行任意的剪裁和组合，同时寻求实现多子系统协调控制和综合管理。表现特征之二是通信功能大大加强，一般除RS232 等常用通信方式外，实现远程及多系统通信联网需要的局部网络正逐渐被采用。未来的机电一体化更加注重产品与人的关系
39、，如何赋予机电一体化产品以人的智能、情感、人性显得越来越重要。机电一体化产品还可根据一些生物体优良的构造研究某种新型机体，使其向着生物系统化方向发展。One of the systematic performance characteristics is further use open system architecture and modeling of the bus structure. System can be flexibly configured, any combination of clipping and, at the same time seeking to achi
40、eve multiple subsystems coordinated control and integrated management. Performance characteristics of the second is greatly enhance communication function, usually in addition to the common communication such as RS232, realize remote and system communication network needs more local network is gradu
41、ally used. Mechanical and electrical integration of the future pay more attention to product the relationship with people, how 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页to give electromechanical integration products to peoples intelligence, emotion, human nature is more and more impor
42、tant. Electromechanical integration products can also be based on some biological excellent research a new airframe structure, make its biological in systematic way. （三） 。 。 微型化(3) the miniaturization 微型机电一体化系统高度融合了微机械技术、微电子技术和软件技术，是机电一体化的一个新的发展方向。国外称微电子机械系统的几何尺寸一般不超过1cm3，并正向微M、纳 M 级方向发展。由于
43、微机电一体化系统具有体积小、耗能小、运动灵活等特点，可进入一般机械无法进入的空间并易于进行精细操作，故在生物医学、航空航天、信息技术、工农业乃至国防等领域，都有广阔的应用前景。目前，利用半导体器件制造过程中的蚀刻技术，在实验室中已制造出亚微M 级的机械元件。Micro electromechanical system highly integrated micro mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and software technology, is a new developing direction of electro
44、mechanical integration. Foreign said microelectronic mechanical system geometry size is generally not more than 1 cm3, and positive micro and nanoscale direction. Because the micro-electro-mechanical integration system has characteristics such as small volume, small energy consumption, flexible move
45、ment, can enter the general machinery cant enter the space and is easy to fine operation, therefore, in the biological medicine, aeronautics and astronautics, information technology, industry and agriculture and national defense and other fields, have broad application prospects. At present, using e
46、tching of semiconductor device manufacturing process technology, have produced in the laboratory of sub-micron mechanical components. （四） 。 。 模块化(4) modular 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页模块化也是机电一体化产品的一个发展趋势，是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、信
47、息接口的机电一体化产品单元是一项复杂而重要的事，它需要制订一系列标准，以便各部件、单元的匹配和接口。机电一体化产品生产企业可利用标准单元迅速开发新产品，同时也可以不断扩大生产规模。Modularity is a development trend of electromechanical integration products, is an important and arduous project. Due to mechanical and electrical integration products and manufacturers, research and developmen
48、t has the standard mechanical interface, electrical interface, power interface, information interface of electromechanical integration products unit is a complex and important, it needs to develop a series of standards, so that all parts, matching and interface unit. Electromechanical integration pr
49、oducts manufacturing enterprises can use standard cell rapidly develop new products, at the same time can also constantly expand the scale of production. （五）网络化(5) network 网络技术的飞速发展对机电一体化有重大影响，使其朝着网络化方向发展。机电一体化产品的种类很多，面向网络的方式也不同。由于网络的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。The rapid developmen
50、t of network technology has a significant effect on mechanical and electrical integration, so that it is in the direction of network development. Many different kinds of electromechanical integration products, network oriented way is different also. Due to the popularity of network, all kinds of rem
51、ote control and monitoring technology based on network is flourishing, and remote control terminal device itself is electromechanical integration products. （六） 绿色化精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页(6) green 工业的发达使人们物质丰富、生活舒适的同时也使资源减少，生态环境受到严重污染，于是绿色产品应运而生。绿色化是时代的趋势，其目标是使产品从设计
52、、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理的整个生命周期中，对生态环境无危害或危害极小，资源利用率极高。机电一体化产品的绿色化主要是指使用时不污染生态环境，报废时能回收利用。绿色制造业是现代制造业的可持续发展模式。中国论文网Sa PuM 中国论文网dOiCp综上所述，机电一体化技术是众多科学技术发展的结晶，是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的必然要求。它促使机械工业发生战略性的变革，使传统的机械设计方法和设计概念发生着革命性的变化。大力发展新一代机电一体化产品，不仅是改造传统机械设备的要求，而且是推动机械产品更新换代和开辟新领域、发展与振兴机械工业的必由之路。Industrial developed to m
53、ake people rich material and comfortable at the same time also reduce resources, ecological environment suffered serious pollution, and green products arises at the historic moment. Greening is the trend of The Times, the goal is to make our products from design, manufacture, packaging, transportati
54、on and use to disposal of the entire life cycle, the ecological environment harmless or minimal damage, high resource utilization. Greening is mainly mechanical and electrical integration of product orders is polluting the ecological environment, scrap can be recycled. The sustainable development of
55、 green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing model. Net of paper of Chinese Sa PuM net of paper of Chinese dOiCp to sum up, many mechanical and electrical integration technology is the crystallization of the development of science and technology, is the inevitable requirement of social productivit
56、y development to a certain stage. It prompted machinery industry strategic change, the traditional mechanical design methods and design concept of a revolutionary change. Developing a new generation of electromechanical integration products, not only is to transform traditional mechanical equipment requirements, and to promote upgrading of mechanical products and open up new areas, the only way for development and revitalization of the mechanical industry. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页
