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1、II. Practical WritingItssaidthatoneofthetwothingsthatpeoplearemostafraidofispublicspeaking.Yet,theabilitytomakeawonderfulspeechistheonethatmostofthemodernpeopledreamof.Watchamovieclipandtakenotesofthekeypointsofmakingapublicspeech.WritingPractical WritingMaking SpeechSpeech MakingSpeech MakingBuildi
2、ngupyourconfidencepracticeinfrontofamirrorusedevicessuchasataperecordertoimproveyourvocaltechniquepracticeinfrontofasmallaudiencePreparation WritingPractical WritingMaking a speechusesimple,directwordsandsentencesknowexactlywhatyouwanttosaycutwordswhereverpossible;bebriefuseeverydayEnglish,notjargon
3、varythelengthofyoursentencesuseactiveverbsdontusepassivevoicedontusemodifierspayattentiontothespeedofyourspeech,speakclearlydontrushitdontmumbleDos and DontsWritingPractical Writing1. Introduction OpeningAgenda(topic,reasonstheyshouldtrustyou,howtheybenefit)Promiseand/orKeyMessageWriting a speech Th
4、e basic structure of a speechWritingPractical WritingTobeginwith,youmaytellastory,withhumor,oruseasnappyquote,oryoumaystartbygettingyourreadersattentionbyreadingsomestartlingstatisticsorbyaskingthought-provokingquestions.Theintroductionshouldmakeupabout10to15percentofthetotalspeech.TipsWritingPracti
5、cal Writing2. The Body 2-5mainpoints.Themostimportantpointscomefirst.Eachpointmayincludesome/allofthefollowingelements:StatementofyourmessageFacts,statistics,findingsthatsupportyourmessageIllustrationorpersonalstorythatsupportsyourmessageQuickexampleVisualaid,game,quiz,poem,song,audienceinteractionT
6、henrepeatthepointandapplyittotheaudienceWritingPractical Writing3. ClosingElementstoinclude(innoparticularorder):SummaryofmainpointsFinalsummarystoryorspecialeffectsThankstoeverybodyRepeatingofthepromiseand/orkeymessageWritingPractical WritingTheendmustbedramatic,conclusiveandmustleavealastingimpres
7、siononthelistenersmind.Youmayusethesamestrategiesthatyouusedforthebeginning.Theconclusionshouldmakeup5to10percent.TipsWritingPractical WritingIntroduction:Goodafternoon,everyone.MynameisImheretodaytotalkaboutSignposting: First,Imgoingtotalkaboutpoint1,ThenIllmoveontopoint2,AfterthatIlllookatpoint3,A
8、ndfinallyIllfinishmypresentationwithpoint4,TostartwithlatertofinishupUseful Expressions WritingPractical WritingStarting the presentation:Letsbeginwithpoint1IdliketostartbyFirstofall,IllTostartwithMoving on to the next point: Iwouldnowliketolookatpoint2Nowletsmoveontopoint2ThatsallIhavetosayaboutWev
9、elookedatSomuchforWritingPractical WritingDeveloping a point:Furthermore?Wheredoesthatleadus?LetsconsiderthisinmoredetailsWhatdoesthismeanfor?Translatedintorealterm,Giving examples: Forexample/instance,AgoodexampleforthisisAsanillustration,ToillustratethispointWritingPractical WritingConclusion:Idli
10、ketofinishbysayingTosumup,Letsremindourselvesofthemainpoints.LetssummarizewhatwevelookedatFinally,letmeremindyouofsomeoftheissueswevecovered.Ending the presentation: Andthatconcludesmypresentation.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,pleasefeelfreetoask.WritingPractical Writingusebodylanguagetomakethespeechmorevivi
11、dandclearkeepeyecontactwiththeaudiencedontpanicifyouforgetapart,juststartfromthepartyourememberMaking a public speechWritingPractical WritingYour TaskYougotthefirstprizeinaReadingContest,YougotthefirstprizeinaReadingContest,andaregoingtomakeaspeechontheandaregoingtomakeaspeechontheAwardingCeremony.A
12、wardingCeremony.NowletsenjoyamovieclipandwriteyourNowletsenjoyamovieclipandwriteyourownspeech.ownspeech.WritingPractical WritingOscar 1Oscar 1II. Practical Writing WritingPractical WritingWriting a Speech1.DifferentTypesofSpeechespersuasiveinformativedemonstrativecommemorativeThefourmaincategoriesof
13、speechesare:1)PersuasiveSpeechesWritingPractical WritingPurpose:tryingtoinfluencethevalues,beliefs,attitudes,orbehaviorsofthelistenersExample:lawyerconvincingthejuryboardorapoliticianseekingsupportfromtheelectorate(选民)etc.WritingPractical WritingPurpose:tryingtoexplainhowthingsworkorhowtodosomething
14、andtoconvincetheaudienceofthevalueandusefulnessoftheinformationyouaresharingwiththemExample:classroomlectureoftheteacheronanynewsubject,etc.2)InformativeSpeechesWritingPractical Writing3)DemonstrativeSpeechesPurpose:tryingtogivetheaudiencepracticalteachingofhowtodosomethingExample:chefsteachingatthe
15、televisioncookingshow,etc.WritingPractical Writing4)CommemorativeSpeechesPurpose:tryingtoremindthelistenersofanimportantpersonoreventfromthepastExample:The Gettysburg AddressbyAbrahamLincoln,etc.WritingPractical WritingOtherspeechesSpeechesdeliveredonspecialoccasionssuchas:toasts,awardpresentations,
16、acceptancespeeches,keynoteaddresses,commencementaddresses,andeulogies.WritingPractical Writing2.BasicStructureofaSpeechConclusion:Telltheaudiencewhatyouaregoingtotellthem.Tellthemwhatyoumeantotell.Telltheaudiencewhatyouhavetoldthem.Introduction:Body:WritingPractical Writing3.TipsforWritingaSpeechMak
17、eyourintroductioninterestingeitherbyofferingajoke,quote,fact,orastory.Endyourspeechwitharousingconclusion.Introductionandconclusionarethemostimportantpartsofaspeech.ThisspeechwasdeliveredbyAbrahamLincolnatthededication(献词献词)oftheSoldiersNationalCemetery(公墓公墓)inGettysburg,PennsylvaniaonNovember19,186
18、3,fourmonthsaftertheBattleofGettysburg.ItisoneofthemostfamousspeechesinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Example 1WritingPractical WritingThe Gettysburg AddressWritingPractical WritingFourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthuponthiscontinentanewnation,concei vedi nl i bertyanddedi catedtothepropos
19、i ti onthatal l menarecreatedequal .Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnationoranynationsoconceivedandsodedicatedcanlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalresting-placeforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthisnationmightlive.Itisalto
20、getherfittingandpropert h a t w e s h o u l d d o t h i s .The Gettysburg AddressGiven November 19th 1863 by Abraham Lincoln tobecontinuedWritingPractical WritingBut,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate,wecannotconsecrate,wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen,livinganddeadwhostruggledherehaveconsecratedit
21、faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforusthel i vi ngrathertobededi catedheretotheunf i ni shedworkwhi chtheywhof oughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.tobecontinuedWritingPractical WritingItisratherforustobehered
22、edicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeusthatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakei ncreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotionthatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain,thatthisnationunderGodshallhaveanewbi rthof f reedom,andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forth
23、epeopleshallnotperishfromthisearth.(Theend)WritingPractical WritingExample 2ElleWoodsDeliversStudentAddressatHarvardLawSchools2004GraduationCeremonyWritingPractical WritingProfessorStromwell:Iam,personally,veryhonoredtointroducethisyearsclass-electedspeaker.Aftergettingofftoaquiteinterestingstarther
24、eatHarvard,shegraduatestodaywithaninvitationtojoinoneofBostonsmostprestigiouslawfirms.Iamsurewearegoingtoseegreatthingsfromher.LadiesandGentlemen:ElleWoods.WritingPractical WritingWoods:OnourveryfirstdayatHarvard,averywiseProfessorquotedAristotle:Thelawisreasonfreefrompassion.Well,nooffensetoAristot
25、le,butinmythreeyearsatHarvardIhavecometofindthatpassionisakeyingredienttothestudyandpracticeoflawandoflife.Itiswithpassion,courageofconviction,andstrongsenseofselfthatwet ak eour nex t st epsi nt ot hew or l d,rememberingthatfirstimpressionsarenotalwayscorrect.Youmustalwayshavefaithinpeople.Andmostimportantly,youmusta l w a y s h a v e f a i t h i n y o u r s e l f .Congratulationsclassof2004wedidit!WritingPractical WritingYour TaskWrite a 3-minute speech on the following topic and deliver it in class:TheGreatestInventioninMyEyes
