九年级上册Unitl TopiclSection A1 .复习时态1） . 现在进行时： be（ are/am/is） +Ving sth.2） . 过去进行时： be（ was/were） +Ving sth.3） . 一般将来时：will/shall+do sth. /be going to do sth. （ won"）4） . 一般现在时：主语+ 动 词 （ v+s/es） + 宾语 （ don,t/doesn,t）5） . 一般过去时：主语+ 动 词 （ v+ed） + 宾语 （ wasiTt/weren"/didn't）6） , 现在完成时：助 动 词 have/has+过 去 分 词 （ v+ed） （ haven， t/hasif定义：表示动作已经完成， 对现在产生影响或结果 不能与表示过去的时间状语连用， 一般与副词already（ 已经） 、 ever （ 曾经） 、 never （ 从不） 、 just（ 刚刚） 、 before （ 以前） 、 yet （ 还） 、 once/twice/threetimes （ 一次/ 两次/ 三次） 、for+一段时间（ 为多久） 、since+一个时间点（ 自从）等连用。
2. take （ 过去式） took（ 过去分词） taken see （ 过去式） saw（ 过去分词） seengo （ 过去式） went（ 过去分词） gonecome （ 过去式） came（ 过去分词） comebe（ am/is） （ 过去式） was（ 过去分词） beenbe（ are） （ 过去式） were（ 过去分词） beenbecome （ 过去式） became（ 过去分词） become3. have/has been t o . . . 曾经去过，（ 强调人已回来） have/ha§ gone to…人去了，还 没 回 （ 强调人不在说话的现场） 4. be happy/glad to do sth .开心做某事5. come back from...A.....返回6. take place 发生7. more and m ore越来越… （ 可接名词或多音节形容词）8. so+形容词/ 副词+that+句子如此…以至于•・.such+（ a/an） +形容词+ 名词+that+句子如此…以至于…too+形容词/ 副词+to+V原 太…以至于不能…so that+句 子 in order to +V原为了、 以便特殊情况： 名词前如果出现many/much/little/few时要用 so Eg: so many people/apples so much food/money9. take photos 照相10. improve your English 提高英语水平11. by the w ay顺便说一下on the way to在去…的路上in the way挡 路 out of the w ay偏远的12. have/catch a cold 患感冒13. How was your trip?你的旅行怎么样？14. Great changes have taken Dlace there.在那儿发生了 巨大的变化。
15. Where have you been?--I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.你去了 哪里？…我和我的父母亲去了黄山16. Where is Maria?…She has 史one to Cuba to be a volunteer.玛利亚在哪里？- - 她去古巴做一个志愿者了17. There goes the bell. （ 倒装句尸That飞 the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃声响了 Section B重点词语：Lfeed（ 过去式） fed（ 过去分词） fed2.1 earn（ 过去式） learned/learnt （ 过去分词）learned/learnt3 .make（ 过去式） made（ 过去分词） made4 .clean（ 过去式） cleaned（ 过去分词） cleaned5・ jump（ 过去式） jumped（ 过去分词） jumped6 .chat（ 过去式） chatted（ 过去分词） chatted7 .fly（ 过去式） flew（ 过去分词） flown8 .do（ 过去式） did （ 过去分词）done9 .shut（ 过去式） shut（ 过去分词） shut9. have no time to do sth .没时间做某事lO.learn a lot from ...从…学到许多11.1 haven" seen you for a long tim e.我很长时间没有见到你了12 .You took part in some volunteer activities during the summer holidays, didn't?你在暑假期间参加了一些志愿者的活动，是吗？13 .Fve learn a lot from it 我从中学到了很多。
l.take part in 参加Z.disabled children's home 残疾儿童之家3 .help others帮助别人4 .though=even if/though 虽然5 .put on 上演6 .a group of 一群7 .make friends 交朋友8 .during the summer holidays 在暑假期间14 .Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.虽然我没有时间旅行，但我仍然感到很高兴Though表示“ 虽然、尽管% 引导状语从句,可跟even if/though替换，though不可跟but连用15 .To help others make us happy. 帮助别人使我们快乐不定式To help others做主语+ 谓语的第三人称单数Section Cl.in the past 在过去4.see.... oneself 亲眼所见2.at present 现在5. in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代3.more than超过，多余6.1iving conditions 生活条件 14.taller and brighter 又高又明亮7.ring roads 环形路15.satisfy one飞needs满足某人的需要8.be crowded into… •挤在・ ・ ・16.not only... but also...不但… •而且•…9. have the chance to do sth .有机会做某事17.what's more 而且lO.receive a good education 接受好的教育18.make rapid progress 取得快速进步11. keep in touch w ith...和…保持联系19.remember the past 记住过去12.far away 遥远2O.Iive in the present 立足现在13.since the reform and opening-up 自从改革开放以后21.dream about the future 展望未来22.the course of........的过程22. China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 自从改革开放以来中国迅速的发展。
23. China has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.中国已经成功举办了2008年奥运会24. I think it is important to remember the past, live in the present and dream about thefuture.我认为记住过去，立足现在，展望未来是重要的Section D9. play cards 打牌1. leisure activities 业余/ 休闲活动lO.play chess下国际象棋2.kinds o f 各种各样的ll.in the street=on the street 在街道上3.like to do sth. 喜欢做某事ll.have (no) chance to do sth.( 没) 有机会做某事4. play an important part in (doing) sth.在……中起重要作用13.1isten to the radio 听收音机5. in one's life在…的生命中14.in one火 spare time=in one's free time 在某人空闲时间6.in the past 过去15.since reform and opening-up 自从改革开7.get together 相聚在一起放以后8.play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏16.have more time to do sth .有更多时间做某事 17. spend...on sth./ spend (in) doing sth. 发 21 .in recent years 近几年费…在…上/ 发费…做某事22.places of interest 名胜古迹18.a lot of 许多23.make a tour abroad 去国外旅行19.both.......and 两者都24. m eet-m et --m et19.have a rest 休息25. have-had-•--had2O.chat on the Internet 网上聊天26. Leisure activities play an important part in peopled lives.休闲活动在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。
27. Watching operas and listening to the radio were the main activities in their spare time.休闲活动在人们的生活中起着重要的作用作文 Changes in my hometownIn the past, my hometown was very small. People there lived a poor life. They lived in oldhouses. Rubbish was seen here and there. Few visitors came here.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The living conditions have beengreatly improved. Their houses are big and bright. Many people have their own cars. Themountains are green, the rivers are clean, and the sky is blue. Thousands of visitors comehere from all over the world.I hope my hometown will be more beautiful in the future.Unitl Topic2Section A1. be （ not） in=be （ not） at home （ 不）在家2. a shopping center 一个购物中心3. not...any more=no more（ 表示次数上不再增加） 不再，再也不not...any longer=no longer （ 表示时间上不再延续）4. lose one% way= get lost 迷路，走失5. bad luck 倒霉6. call sb. up=make a telephone call to sb. =ring sb. up =give a phone to sb.=phone sb 给某人打 call sb.back给某人回call sb. at 1 2 4 给某人打号码1249. hate doing sth. 讨厌（ 经常）做某事& hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事（ 某一次具体做某事的行为）Eg： I really hate going to a place like that.我确实讨厌去那样一个地方。
10. So + be/情态动词/ 助动词+ 主 语 （ 表示前面的肯定情况同样适合于后面的人或物）Neither/Nor + be/情态动词/ 助动词+ 主语（ 表示前面的否定情况同样适合于后面的人或物）So +主语+ be/情态动词/ 助动词（ 表示的确如此） 11. department store 百货大楼12. central park 中心公园lO.S ome interesting places around here 这儿附近的一些有趣地方11.1 have just been living here for a few days 我刚刚在这儿住了 几天12. 名词用su ch ,形容词、副词用so,多多少少都用so13.1) already用在肯定句，用与句中，句末均可，“ 已经”(2)yet用于否定句或疑问句， “ 还”， 用于句末 在现在完成时的用法中， 肯定句常用already,改用否定句和一般疑问句时常把already改 为 yet ( 放句末) 3)just位于谓语动词前 “ 刚刚” ( 也可以用于一般现在时，过去时态)(4) ever多用与一般疑问句，否定句和条件状语从句中，“ 曾经”(5)never多用于否定的陈述句中，“ 从不. . .”( 反义词是ever)⑹加fore做副词时，” 从前“，句中谓语常用现在完成时和过去时。
14. Have you found him y e t? 你早到他了吗？15.1 really hate to go shopping -So do I .我真的讨厌去购物Section B7 .whafs more 此外8 .so it i s 的确如此9 .carry out 执行10. the one-child policy 独生子女政策11. control the population 控制人口12. the population problem 人口问题l.in the newspaper 在报纸上2.read a report阅读一份报告3.i ncrease by/to 增加了/ 增加到4.have a population of 有. . .人口5.reach=arrive in/at=get to 至 ！J达6.in developing/developed countries 在发展中/ 发达国家13 . 数字的表达法：14 .The world has a population of 6.8 billion=The population of the world is 6.8billion . 世界上有68亿人口。
15.lt is increasing by 80 million every year.人口每年增加 8000 万16 .Which country has the largest population?哪个国家人口 最多？17 .Whafs the population of the USA?美国的人口是多少？ 18 .The population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries. 发展中国家的人口比发达国家的人口更多19 .Luckily,China has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population. 幸运的是，中国已经实施了独生子女政策来控制人口Section Cl.one quarter 四分之一 one fourth 四分之一 a/one half 二分之一 one second 二分之一l.because of+名词、 名词短语 because+句子3. at the same time 同时4. the whole nation 整个民族5. for example 例如6. supply energy 提供能量7. satisfy people's daily/everyday life 满足人们的日常需求8. natural environments 自然环境9. worse and worse 越来越差10. so fa r 到目前为止11. take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事12. be known a s 被. … 所熟知13. work well in doing sth 在… 方面起良好作用14. thanks t o 幸亏、由于15. social problems 社会问题16. offer job opportunities 提供工作机会17. deal with 与 how 连用,do with 与 what连用（ 处理）SectionD重点词组：1. fewer than 少于2. be surround by 被. . 环绕3. close to 靠近5 . be careful with小心处理6. discourage doing sth. 阻止做某事7. local people 当地人4. try to do sth .试着做某事8. have fun doing sth•过得愉快 9. the capital o f.....的首都10. places of interest 名胜古迹11. public transportation 公共交通12. take sth. to sw•把. . 带到. . . .13. play/do sports=do exercise 做运动14. Beijing Opera 京剧15. go to movie theater 看电影16. such as 例如17. so many如此多18. But sometimes it is hard to see friends because they live so far away.但是有时很难看见朋友们因为他们住的很远。
19. We have big shopping centers and huge markets. Our public transportation is excellent.我们有大的购物中心和商店我们的公共交通是杰出的Unitl Topic3Section A一、重点词组1、have been in 呆在某个地方 e.g.: I have been in Dalian for 5 years.2、be/get used to sth./ doing sth .习惯于. . .e.g.: He is used to listening to music while havea walk.( 含有used的句子变成一般疑问句时在句首加D id,加了 Did之后，后面的used去掉 d 还原成use；含 有 used的句子变成否定句时，在 used的前面加didn't,加了 didn"之后，后面的 used 去掉 d 还原成 use. E.g.： Did you use to enjoy listening to pop music?)3、as a matter of fact 事实上( 同义词组 in fact) e.g: As a matter of fact, it's a wonderfulplace to live.实际上，它是一个居住的好地方。
4、come for a visit 来参观5、millions o f 数以百万计的6、stand fo r 代表象征7、new term 新学期二、语法&句子1、 How do you like...? = what do you think of...?2^ Isn^ it dangerous there?在那儿难道它不危险吗？这是一个反问句，在英语中，反问句也可称为否定疑问句，常译为难道不…吗？结构为：be / 助动词/ 情态动词的否定+主 语 +谓 语 +…eg： 1) Didn9t he go to the park yesterday?2) Can't Lily play the piano?3) Hasn91 Jim been to the Great Wall?4) Won't they go climbing next Sunday?注意：在回答反问句时，要反着译即Yes译为No, N 译为Yes. 1） Didn't he go to the park yesterday?Yes, he did. /No, he didn^. 不，他去了/ 是的，他没去2） Won't they go climbing next Sunday?Yes, they will./No, they won". 不，他们要去/ 是的，他们不去。
SectionB一. 重点词语：l.buy（ 延续性动词） e（ 延续性动词） been in3.get to know （ 延续性动词 known4.begin（ 延续性动词） been onS.catch a cold（ 延续性动词） had a cold6.marry（ 延续性动词） been married7.boirow（ 延续性动词） kept8.die（ 延续性动词） been dead9.1eave（ 延续性动词） been away fromlO.close（ 延续性动词） been closedll.fall ill（ 延续性动词） been ill12.join-been a member o^been in二, 重点词组：l .read a newspaper 看报纸l.hundreds o f 成百上千的3 .1ive a normal life过着正常生活4 .people in need需要帮助的人5 .decide on+名词/that+句子/to do sth .决定6 .medical treatment 医疗7 .provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.=offer sb. sth../offer sth. to s b .提供某物给某人8 .job training 职业培训9 .feel good about oneself 自信lO.show sb. sth ./show sth. to s b .把某东西给某人看l l .find jobs 找工作12 . suitable w ays合适的方式 13 .homeless people无家可归的人14 .so that+句子=in order to+动词原形为了、以便15. get in trouble处于困难中16. pick u p 捡起、拾起、让…搭载重要句子；1. Since it started, it has helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life. 自从它开始以后，它帮助了长百上千的人重返工作岗位和过上正常的生活。
2. The program also provides them with job training so that they can find jobs again.这个节目还为他们提供了职业培训以便他们能再次找到工作3.1 think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.我认为最重要的是让他们感到自信4.The world has changed for the better.世界变得更美好Section C一. 重点词语及句子：l .around/all over/in/across/throughout the world 全世界2 .a short period of time 短时期3 .move from ...to...从某地搬到某地4 .be able t o 有能力做某事5 .on/in the street 在街道上6.in a shelter在收容所7.earn money 挣钱S.mental illness 精神疾病9.raise children 喂养孩子lO.steal food 偷食物 11.on purpose 故意的12. the cause of........ 的原因13.one of the most basic human needs is a home 人类最基本的需求之一就是家14 .have a problem with drugs 有毒品问题15 .no one is ever homeless on purpose 没有人愿意故意不回家16 .the effect are the same 影响是相同的17 . think of...as... 把…当做…18 .we must think of the homeless as people> not just as problems 我们必须将无家可归的人当做人对待，而不仅仅是问题。
SectionD一 . 重 要 词 组 ：1 .Project Hope 希望工程2 .an education program 教育计划3 .afford an education for sb.提供教育给某人4 .Hope Primary School 希望小学5 .build-built-built 建造6 .make a contribution to （ doing） sth•为. .做贡献7 .encourage sb. to do sth .鼓励某人做某事8 . moral development 道德发展9 .modern thinking 现代化思想二. 重要句子lO .as a result 结果11 .respect sb. 尊敬某人12 .help one another=help each other 互相帮助13 .the best-known 出名的14 .continue/go on to do sth .继续做某事（ 不同一件事）continue/go on to doing sth 继续做某事（ 同一件事）continue one飞studies继续某人学业15 . pay-paid-paidl.Project Hope is an education program to help students.希望工程是一个帮助学生的教育计划。
2.For more than 20 years, Project Hope has encouraged the moral development and modernthinking of students . 20多年，希望工程鼓励学生道德发展和现代化思想三. 书面表达范文The Cause and Effect of homeless peopleThe world is becoming better and better. But it still has many problems. For example,there're many homeless people all over the world. Some children have to be laborers for aliving. What's worse, sometimes cruel wars break out in some areas. Some people arehomeless because they do not earn enough money or do not have a job. They must work veryhard to live. They even cannot raise their children. The governments have worked hard tosupport the homeless for many years and the world has changed for the better.Unit2 Topic 1Section A一、重点词组l.see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth .看见某人做某事的全过程2.several = some = a few/little 几个3 . pour ...into . . . 把…倒入…4 . waste water废水、浪费水4. have a picnic=go for a picnic 野餐5 .cut down 砍倒6 .my goodness 天啊!二、重点句型1. l.The flowers and grass (have gone) = (have disappeared) ! 花和草都没有了！2. 2.Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 看! 有几家化工厂把废水往河里放。
There be +sb. / sth. +doing sth .有某人/ 物正在做某事3. 3.Everything has changed. 一切都变样了4. 4.What a m ess!多么脏乱啊！5. 5.What a shame!= What a pity!多么可惜啊！6. 6.What has happened here?这里发生了 什么事？SectionB一、重点词组：1、look w eak看上去虚弱2、have a cough 咳嗽3、be weak in 在某方面弱4、 have got a pain in........疼痛10、solve the problem 解决问题11、12、write to s b .写信给某人had better (not) do sth .最 好 ( 不 )做某事5、6、7、8、make noise制造噪音whafs worse甚至更糟糕的是be in a good(bad) mood 心情好( 坏)too much+不可数名词；too many+可复13、be harmful to=do harm to=be bad for( 太 多 ) much too+ adj./adv.( 太)对…有害14> save/waste energy 节约/ 浪费能源15、a mess of 一团糟16、throw around/about 乱扔9、by the w ay顺便问、说一下二、重点句子：1、Whafs wrong with you?=Whafs the matter with you?你怎么 了 ？2> Ifs difficult for me to breathe.它对于我来说呼吸困难。
3、rve got a pain in my throat.=I have a sore throat.我喉咙痛 4、Have long have you been like this?你像这样多长时间？Fve been like this since last w eek.自从上个星期以来我就一直这样S.The chemical factory produces terrible gas. The bad air makes my chest hurt. 化工厂排放难闻的气体，它使我胸部感到难受6、What's worse, the factory makes too much noise and 1 can't sleep well at night.甚至更糟糕的是，工厂制造太多噪音，在晚上我睡不好觉7、Ifs really awful. I'm always in a bad mood because I can't bear the environment here.真的是很讨厌我总是心情不好，因为我无法忍受这里的环境8、Light pollution is harmful to birds.光污染对鸟有害。
SectionC一 .重点词组l.not 与 alb both, every 以及 every 的派生词连用叫部分否定也叫不完全否定2 .a sort of=a kind of 一种3 .(all) sorts of=(all) kinds of 各种各样4 .be harmful to=do harm to 对• ・・有害5 .be deaf=go deaf 变聋6 .1ose one's hearing=have hearing loss 失去听力7 .no better than=as weak (bad) as 和.••一样差二 . 重点句子8 .not only ...but also...不但・•・ 而 且 ・ ・ ・9 .quite a few 相当多10.it was reported that 据报道ll.in public在公共场所12 .disturb others 打扰他人13 .try to do sth 尝试做某事14 .be able t o 有能力做某事15 .environmental problems 环境问题16 .the meaning o f 什么的意思17 .the same a s ...和…一样l .However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans9health.然而，不是所有人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且它也对人们的健康有危害。
2 .People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf.居住或工作在吵闹环境的人容易变聋3 .Many of the workers who print newspapers and books lose their hearing.许多印刷报纸和书籍的工人变聋了4 .Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.相当多居住在飞机场附近的人也丧失听力5 .Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution.在公共场所制造噪音也是一种污染6 .Many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do.在美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差7 . 7.Nowadays many countries are trying to solve all sorts of environmental problems,including noise pollution.现今许多国家正在努力解决包括声音污染在内的所有种类的环境污染。
Section D一.重要词组 l.i n many ways在许多方面 4.in the field在田野里2 .burn gas燃烧的气体 5.high blood pressure高血压3 .breathing problem 呼吸问题6.as well 也二.重要句子1. With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere.随着人口的增长和工业的发展，垃圾到处都是2. Let's be greener people.让我们做环保的人Air pollutionAir pollution is becoming more and more serious in today's world. Some chemical factoriesproduce terrible gas and make the air bad. Buses and cars also produce waste gas. In ourdaily life, burning gas, oil and coal also creates air pollution. The air pollution may cause alot of problems. It is harmful to people's health. It can cause breathing problems, sore eyesand even cancer. It can also harm the plants, and the farmers will get less harvest. Luckily,the government has tried many ways to solve the problem, such as making laws to preventthe factory from polluting the air.Unit2 Topic2Section A一、重点单词desert：作名词，它读「 dezot］ 其含义为“ 沙漠” ，例如，我国著名的撒哈拉沙漠，就叫做theSahara Deserto同时, 它还是动词，” 遗弃，抛弃” ，这时，它读例如，她的丈夫抛弃了 她，就是 Her husband deserted her.二、重点词组l .just now 刚才2 . cut down 砍倒3 .too many+可数名词复数 too much+不可数名词4 .as a result 结果5 . change... into...= turn... into... 把・・•变成・ ・ ・6.stop/ prevent /keep sb./sth. (from) doing sth .阻止某人做某事7 .blow aw ay吹走、刮走8 .wash away 冲走9 .be harmful to=do harm to=be bad for 对…有害lO .human beings 人类11 . a (large) number of 大量的12 .try/do one's best to do sth .尽某人最大努力做某事13. in the future 将来、今后14.1 ive a happy life过着幸福的生活15 .come into being 形成16 .die o u t灭绝、消失、死光二、 重点句子1. The wind outside is blowing strongly.外面的风正猛烈的刮着。
2. What bad weather!多么糟糕的天气！What引导的感叹句： a. What+形容词+ 不可数名词/ 可数名词复数！（ 不可数名词如: news; advice; weather）E.g.What clean water!多么清澈的水呀！b. What+ a/an+形容词+ 可数名词单数！ E.g.What a busy d ay!多么繁忙的一天呀！3 .As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.结果，许多肥沃的土地变成了沙漠change... in to...（ 把・・•变成・・• ） = turn... into...E.g.Please change English into Chinese.请把英语翻译成汉语4 .Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth a way. 树可以防风固土stop/ prevent /keep sb./sth. （ from） doing sth .阻止某人做某事1） E.g.The heavy rain stops us from going out. =The heavy rain prevents us form going out.=The heavy rain keeps us form going out. 大雨使我们无法外出。
2） “ 土地” 的辨析：earth着重指与天空相对的“ 土地” ，还泛指泥土； s o i l 主要指用于种庄稼的“ 土壤” ；ground主要指大地表面；land着重指与河、湖、海洋相对应的陆地S. They can also stop the water from washing the earth away.他们（ 树） 还能防止水土流失6.A lot of water can be saved by forests.森林能储存许多水7 . Although we have built "the Great Wall”, we still need to do something to protect theenvironment.——尽管我们已经建起了“ 绿色长城” ，但我们仍需要做一些事情来保护环境Although con j虽然， 尽管， 引导让步状语从句， 相 当 于 though,只 是 although比 though更为正式注意：在句中使用although或 though时，不能同时使用but,但 although/though后 可 用 yet或 still等。
加强语气时，通常说even though,而不能说even althoughoE.g. Although the question is difficult, he can still answer it .尽管这个问题很难， 他仍然回答上来8 .People have cut down such a large number of trees that the land has changed into desert.人们砍伐了大量的树，结果土地变成沙漠a （ large） number o f 许多，大 量 +可数名词复数，修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式E.g.A number of visitors are in the zoo.动物园有大量的游客Section B重点词组：1、here and there=everywhere 至 ! J 处2、in public在公共场合3、pick flowers 摘花4、care for 关爱5、wild animal 野生动物6、protect the environment 保护环境7、worst of all 最糟糕的是8、make rules 制定规则8> in the beginning 在开始的时候9、break rules 打破规则10、follow/obey/keep the rules 遵守规则IK in one9s daily lif e 在某人的日常生活中重要句子：1、None of us likes pollution.没人喜欢污染。
No one 1） 不与of连用；2） 谓语动词用单数；3） 只能指人，但不具体指什么人；4） 一般用来回答 who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句 None 1） 可与of连用；2） 谓语动词用单或复数； 3） 具体指什么人或物；4） 一般用来回答howmany +n, how much +n及 含 any + n引起的疑问句2、The government is doing something useful to protect the environment.政府正在做一些有用的事情来保护环境3、We shouldn9t leave rubbish here and there.我们不应该到处乱扔垃圾4、Don" spit anywhere in public. 在公共场合不要到处吐痰5、Don9t walk on grass or pick flowers.不要走在草地上或摘花6、Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees.每个人都应该关心野生动物和种植更多的树We should do everything vve can to protect the environment.我们应该尽我们所能来保护环境。
As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem.结果， 空气污染已经成为一个严重的问题Section C1 . some... others... 一些…其他的…one... the other... 一个. ••另一个・ ・ ・2 .be good/bad fo r对什么有益甫害3 .during this period 在这个时期4.in many w ays在许多方面5 .all over the world 全世界6 .cut down 砍倒7 .millions o f 数以百万计8 .take away 带走9 .kinds of 各种lO. as a result 结果11 .pass through 穿过12 .has increased a lot 增加 了很多13. the greenhouse effect 温室效应14 . the level of the ocean 海平面15. refer t o 提到、涉及、指16 .rise—rose—risen 上升SectionD一、重要词组：l.plenty of 大量2.water resources 水资源3.in this field在田野、在这一领域4 .day by day 一天天、逐日5 . avoid doing sth. 避免做某事6 .be covered with 被覆盖7 .be short of........短缺7 .pass laws通过法律二、重要句子：1 . Although the world is hungry, it is thirstier.虽然地球很饥饿，但是它更干渴。
2 .While nearly 3/4of the earth is covered with water, we still short of drinking water.虽然地球有3/4被水覆盖，但我们仍然缺少饮用水nearly与 alm ost区别：alm ost多表示时间、程度、距离、进度，K almost可以修饰morethan, too, nothing, nobody, nowhere, no one, none, never 等词，nearly 贝 ! 1 不行nearly 只与not连用e.g. I have almost never seen him.I nearly didn't hear what the teacher said in class.3 . How can we avoid a serious water shortage?我们如何避免水资源短缺呢？4 .we should discover ways to reuse water, 我们需要找到再利用水的方法 三、重点语法：Indefinite pronoun and adverb不定代词和副词（ 一） 、构成。
不定代词、副词是由 some, any, no, every 与 thing, one, body, where 等构成somebody, someone, something, somewhere 一般情况下用于肯定句anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere 一般情况下用于否定句和疑问句none, nobody, nothing, nowhere 表否定含义everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere 可用于各种句式（ 二） 、用法：形容词修饰不定代词和不定副词时，要放在不定代词或不定副词之后不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数E.g： You will find your bag somewhere.（ 肯定句） Can you hear anything?（ 疑问句）I have something important to tell you.（ 形容词放后面）Nobody likes （ 单数） pollution.2 . 注意：当说话人希望得到肯定答复， 或是表示建议、请求等意图时, something, somebody,someone也可以用于疑问句中。
当要表达“ 任何人；任何事物” 时, anything, anybody, anyone也可以用于肯定句中E.g： Would you like something to drink? （ something用于疑问句是希望得到对方的肯定回答）Anybody can do it except Tom .（ 表示任何人）四、书面表达：Water PollutionAs we all know, water pollution is becoming more and more serious. Some factories pourwaste water into the rivers. As a result, it makes the water dirty and smells terrible. Most offish in the water have died and we can't swim in the water. Water is very important tohuman beings, so we should do our best to protect and save it. Luckily, our government istaking measures to protect the water from pollution.My dear friends,Water is very important to human beings. Let's do something to protect and save it.First, we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. The governmentshould also pass laws against the water pollution. Second, we should save water in our dailylife, turn off the taps in time, take a shower instead of a bath, and always remember tocollect and reuse water. Third, lefs try to spread the message about protecting and savingwater. Make more people around us know the problem of water shortage and how to helpsolve it.Lefs try our best to save water and our planet.Student UnionUnit2Topic3Section A一、重要词组l.environmental protection 环境保护2.work fo r 效力于 3.an organization 一个组织9.soft drink cans 饮料瓶4.help spread the message 帮助传播信息10. sort sth .把…分类5.reduce the waste 减少垃圾11. so that+句子 in order to+V 原为了、以便6.both sides of paper 纸的两面12. nod the head 点头( nodding nodded )7.plastic bag 塑料袋13. shake the head 摇头8. encourage sb. to do sth .鼓励某人做某事14. hurry up 赶快15.give up (doing sth .)放弃( 做某事)二、重要句子l. My main job is to do....我主要的工作是…2. We should reduce the waste we produce.我们应该减少我们制造的垃圾。
3. For example9 we should use the both sides of paper and reuse plastic bag.例如，我们应该用纸的两面并且重复使用塑料袋4. Recycling can protect the environment, and it can save money, to o .回收再利用能保护环境，并且也能节约钱5. So we encourage students to collect waste paper and soft drink cans.因此我们鼓励学生们收集废纸和饮料瓶6. Ifs a/my pleasure.不用谢/ 这是我的荣幸Section B一、重要词组1. ought to=should +V 原应该否定：ought 5.travel a short distance 短距离旅行not to do sth.6.cloth bag 布袋2. shut off the electricity 关闭电源7.save energy节约能源3.had better (not) do sth. 最好( 不) 做某事8. after a ll毕竟、归根结底4.instead of+V.ing 代替二、重要句子 1. Easier said than done.说得容易做起来难。
2. Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞Section Cl .acid rain 酸雨2 .nuclear energy 原子核能3 .biogas technology 沼气技术4 .renewable energy 可再生资源5.i n people's everyday lives=in peopled daily lives 在人们日常生活中6 .key disadvantage 主要缺点7 .be required to do sth 被要求做某事； require doing sth 要求做某事8 .electric vehicles电动交通工具9 .in the near future 不久的将来lO .best-known 最知名的l l .maglev train磁悬浮列车12 .German-built 德国制造 Germans（ 复数） Germany 德国13 .guide paths引导路径、导向槽14 .run out 用完. 耗尽 run—ran—run15 . be used to do sth. /be used for doing sth .被用来做某事二. 重点句子l.It takes people just 7 minutes to go to the airport 30 km aw ay.它只要花费人们 7 分钟去30干米外的机场。
2.The train can reach a top speed of 431 km per hour 列车的最高速度可以达到每小时 431千米Section D一、重点词组1. remove carbon dioxide from the air 从空气中去除二氧化碳2. face many difficulties 面对许多困难3. bite sb. on+身体部位咬某人的…4. different types/kinds/sorts of 各种各样不同的5. even though/if=although=though 即使、尽管6. in 50 years在五十年后7. Forests are the lungs of the earth.森林是地球的肺二、重点语法并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子连词or, and, but和while的用法①表示并列关系，用 and...②表转折，用 but, while…③表选择，用 or... Hurry up, or youHl miss the bus. 三、书面表达How to be a greener personI would like to be a greener person.First, I ought to shut off the electricity when I leave a room. Second, I'd better walk orride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi if I travel a short distance. It will save energy andreduce air pollution. Third, I will take a cloth bag when I go shopping. I won't use plasticbags. Fourth, don't use the things that can be used only once. Finally, don't leave rubbishhere and there.Ifs easy to be a greener person.How to be greener person (My Low-carbon Life)( 我的低碳生活)My name is .... I am a middle school student. I go to school on foot every day. I alwaysremember to turn off the lights, the TV and the fans when I leave the classroom. I alwaysturn off the tap when I am not using the water. I often reuse the water, for example, when Ifinish washing the clothes, I use the water to clean the floor and water the flowers. I neveruse plastic bags when I go shopping. I think saving paper is necessary, so I often use bothsides of paper.Ifs important for us to live a low-carbon life to protect the environment. /(If you do like me,you will be a greener person.)At home, for example, we can use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags. At school,students are encouraged to collect waste paper and soft drink cans, because recycling canprotect the environment and save money. Then we sort them so that they can be recycled.Don't use the things that can be used only once.After we wash faces, we can use the water to wash clothes.Turn off the TV set while we are away.Environment is polluted and we should protect itDear Editor,My name is .... I saw a chemical factory pouring some waste water into the river near myschool. The water is so dirty, and it smells terrible. It is difficult for me to breath. What'smore, lot's of fish in the river and many little animals have already died. The flowers andgrass on both sides of the river have gone. Everything has been changed. I think it's our dutyto protect the environment. So we should do something useful to protect it.Please save our rive% save our city and save our environment.Yours,...Better Habits, Better EnvironmentEveryone hopes to have a better environment. What shall we do for it?As middle school students, we should do our best to save energy and protect ourenvironment It's very important to have good habits in our daily life. We should save waterand electricity by hands. We can also reuse paper and never waste food, or we mustn't throwlitter about. Riding bikes or taking buses is a good way to produce less pollution.There are many other things we can do, in a word, remember “ Better Habits, Better environment.环保演讲Hello, everyone. I'm Li Hua. It's nice to speak about what we can do for theenvironment.The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping.It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooksas possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave theclassrooms in order to save energy. Whafs more, it will be better if we walk or ride a bike toschool instead of taking a bus. We should try our best reduce pollution and waste.I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.Thank you for your listening.WaterWater is very important to all living things. We can't live without water.However, not all people realize the importance of the water. They keep throwing rubbish intothe rivers and lakes. Some chemical factories are pouring waste water into the rivers andlakes. As a result, many rivers and lakes are so dirty. But what should we do to protect andsave water? First, we should pass laws to fight against the water pollution.. Second, weshould turn the tap off when we leave. Third, we should reduce and reuse the waste water.In short, we should do our best to keep the water clean to save ourselves. If we didn'tsave water, the last drop of water would be our tear.Unit3 TopiclSection A一、重点词组l.stick sth. on the w all把什么贴在墙上2 .will be able to do sth .将有能力做某事3 .cartoon character 卡通人物4 .millions o f 数以百万计的5 .all over the world/throughout/around theworld全世界7 .one d ay将来某一天/ 过去某一天8 .be ready for sth .准备做某事9 .can9t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事10 .caif t help doing sth .情不自禁做某事l l .have a good chance to do sth .有一个很好的机会做某事e and have a look 来看看12.practice doing sth .练习做某事 主要语言16. as well as 也、和17. be pleased with 对…感到高兴、满意13.be good a t 擅长某事14 .from now o n 从现在起15 .be spoken as the main language 被当做二、重点句子l .You can stick it on the wall in your room .你可以把它贴在你房间的海报上。
stick作动词表示“ 粘贴，粘 住 % 作名词表示“ 木棍，枝条九2 . I will be able to see more cartoon characters. 我将可以看到更多的卡通人物will be able to do sth .将有能力做某事3 .Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world 世界上数以百万的人都喜欢迪斯尼乐4 . I hope I can go there one day one d a y可以表示“ 将来有一天“ ，也可表示“ 过去曾经有一天” 对比：som eday只表示“ 将来某一天5 .1 can" wait to fly there我都等不及飞到那里了can" wait to do sth .迫不及待做某事6. English is spoken as the main language in America.英语在美国被作为主要语音说7. It is also widely used throughout the world now .现在它被全世界广泛使用。
Section B一、重点词组1. on business 出差2. night table 床头柜3. the official language 官方语言4. be similar to 与…相似5. have trouble/difficulty/problem (in)doing sth7. ask sb. for h elp 向某人求助8. explain to s b .向某人解释9. get along (well) with s b .与某人相处( 好 ) …10. be in trouble处于困难中11. divide... into 把…分成6. have a long conversation 进行一次长时 12. dig—dug—dug 挖、掘间的谈话13. lay—lain—laid ( 放置、产卵) lie—lay—lain ( 平 躺 ) lie—lied—lied ( 说谎)二. 重点句子1. Fm going to Cuba on business ton igh t.今晚我将要去古巴出差2. Is Spanish similar to English?西班牙语和英语相似吗？3. Is it possible for you to have trouble communicating?那你交流起来可能会有困难吗？Ifs possible/ impossible (for sb.) to do sth. 某人有可能/ 不可能做have trouble/ difficulty /problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难4. If necessary, Til ask an interpreter for help.如果必要的话，我会找一个翻译帮忙。
if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果有可能 5. Have a good trip.祝旅途愉快！6 .1 wish you success.我祝你成功7. The cake is divided into pieces by her. 蛋糕被她分成小块8. The baby is laid in the bed by the woman.婴儿被妇女放在床铺上Section C1. more than=over 超过、多于2. mother tongue 母语3. as well as 也、还4. foreign language 夕 卜 语5. the United Kingdom 英国6. in many fields 在许多领域7. at international conference 在国际会议上8. go abroad 出国9. a wide knowledge of.............的丰富知识10. play an important part in (doing) s t h .在做某事方面起重要作用11. in one9s life在某人的生命中12. It is clear that 显而易见二. 重点句子1. There are more than 3000 languages are spoken in the world,世界上有 3000 多种语言在流通。
2. Recent surveys show that over 500 million people speak English as their mother tongue.最近的调查显示，有超过5 亿的人把英语作为母语show sb. sth./ show sth to sb. 出示某物给某人(v.)show sb. the way t o 告诉某人去. . . 的 路 (v.)show sb. around带 领 某 人 参 观 (v.)fashion show / talk show / flower show (n.)3. There are even more people , like some in Europe as well as in China and Japan, whostud、English as a foreign language.Who study English as a foreign language定语从句， 修饰名词people,译为“ 把英语当做第二语言学习的人as well as : .......和. . . . 也在句中连接并列成分， 当连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词和as wella s 前保持一致。
e.g. (1) Guo Moruo is a famous writer as well as a great poet.(2) Mother as well as I goes to the supermarket every Saturday.(3) The teacher as well as the studentsis invited (invite) to visit the new museum.4. It is clear that the English language is becoming more important. 显而易见, 英语变得更重要了It is +adj. that 句型Section D1. in the nineteenth century 在 19 世纪 2. take the leading position 占据领先地位3. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事4. be popular w ith受某人欢迎5. do well in=be good a t 擅长于、在…方面做得好6. make great progress (in doing sth.)在做某事方面取得巨大进步7. be required to do sth .被要求做某事8. be regarded as 被看做、被当做 regard...as consider... as think o f... as9. the rest o f.............中剩下的，做主语时，谓语动词单复数由。
f 后名词决定二. 重点句子1 , In the nineteenth century, Great Britain became a powerful country, so English becamean international language. 在 19世纪时, 英国成为了一个十分强大的国家，因此英语也成为了国际性的语言2 .China, a country with the largest population in the world, has encouraged more people tolearn English since the 1970s.中国作为世界上人口最多的国家，从 20世纪70年代开始鼓励越来越多的人学习英语3 .Now, students are required to learn English, and the study of English is regarded as a veryimportant industry in China as well as in the rest of the world.现在，学生都被要求学英语，并且英语学习在中国乃至全世界都被看作是一个非常重要的产业。
三. 语法重点被动语态(Passive Voice ) be + done主动语态：主语 + 动词 + 宾语被动语态：主语 + b e + 过去分词 + b y + 宾语Eg:(l)Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.(2)English is spoken as the main language in America.(3)It is also widely used throughout the world now.四 . 书 篇 达 范 文 “ChineseNowadays Chinese is becoming more and more popular all over the world. It's mainlyspoken in China, and has the largest number of speakers in the world. Chinese is also theofficial language in China and Singapore and it is learned by more and more people as aforeign language. By the year of 2010, over 100 million people learned Chinese as theirforeign language. People learn Chinese for various reasons. Some learn it for they believe inthe rapid development of China. Some learn it because they love the Chinese culture andothers learn it just because they like the language itself. With the development of China, thenumber of Chinese learners will be larger and larger.Unit3Topic2 Section A一、重点词组l.see sb. o ff为某人送行2.o ii one's way to … 在去…的路上3.s ee sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事4 .put out his hand with his thumb raised伸出手，拇 指 竖 起 来 一5 .ask for a ride 搭乘，搭车6 .give sb. a ride让某人搭载6 .get on 上车二、重点句子7 .worry about/be worried about 担心7.send sb. an e-mail/send an e-mail tosb Je-mail s b 给某人发电子邮件8 .have much difficult/problem/trouble indoing sth做某事有很大困难9. have t o 不得不10 .whenever=no matter when 无论何时l l .pick・・・up捡起, 拾起l .Michael and Kangkang are going to see them o ff.迈克尔和康康去给他们送行。
2 .Michael sees a stranger putting out his hand with his thumb raised. 迈克尔看见一个陌生人正伸着他的手，大拇指朝上with his thumb raised with 结构作伴随状语e.g. The teacher came in with a cup in his hand.3 .Could you please give me a ride to the airport?你能载我到机场吗？4 .No need to worry没必要担心5 . Whenever you need help, send me an e-mail or call me,无论你什么时候需要帮助，给我发邮件或打 这是由连词whenever引导的让步状语从句， 在这样的句型中Whenever = nomatter w hen无论什么时候，相似的用法还有：wherever = nomatter where 无论在哪JL however = no matter how 无论怎样whoever = no matter who 无论是谁 whatever = no matter what 无论什么无论你有多生气，请保持冷静。
e.g. No matter how angry you are, please keep calm.Section B-.重点词组 1. at the school gate 在学校门口7. even if=even though 即 使 ， 虽然2. a sign of 一个…的标志3. be known as =be famous as 作为…而出名4. be known for=be famous for 因为・・.而出名5. be known to sb 被某人所.熟知6 . body language肢体语言13. hold hands=shake hands 握手二、重点句子8. cross one9s arm s交叉某人的双臂9. stamp one9s foot 跺某人的脚10. do some research (on) 做关于……的研究11. calm dow n镇静. 平静12. avoid (doing) s t h .避免做某事1.1 think that is known as body language. 我觉得这就是肢体语言Eg:⑴重庆因为火锅而出名Chongqing is known/famous for hot pot.(2)重庆作为山城出名。
ChonRding is known/famous as a mountain city.2. We use body language to communicate how we feel, even if there is silence.我们用肢体语言表达我们的感受， 即使是沉默的时候even if= even though意为“ 即使、纵然” ，引导让步状语从句3. we should do some research. 我们应该做些研究°SectionC- . 重点词组：l.a homeless dog 丧家犬6.positive meaning(褒 义 ) 一 反 一 negative2.a mad dog 疯狗meaning ( 贬 义 )3. a running dog 走狗7. be considered/regarded as 被当做， 被看4.a dog catching a mouse狗捉耗子多管闲 做事8. in ancient times 在古代5.differently 不同地9. magical creature 奇妙的动物 lO .compare... to........ 把. . .比作. . . . 14.stand for 代表11 .compare... with........ 把 . . .和 . . . . 作 15.pay attention to 注意比较 16.underline在. . .下划线12 .similar meanings 相似的含义 17.make mistakes 犯错误13.a symbol o f.......的象征二、重点句子1. You are a lucky dog.= You are a lucky person. 你真是个幸运儿。
2 .Every dog has its day=each person has good luck at tim es.每个人都有得意之日3 . Dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans.狗被看做是人类忠实的好朋友4 .The ancient emperors compared themselves to dragons. 古代的皇帝把自己比作龙Section D一. 重点词组Lon the first floor在第一层( 美式英语)2.OI)the ground floor 在第一层( 英式英语)3. as well 也4. all time 一直5. elevator/lift 电梯6. express(v.) expression ( n .) 表达二、重点句子7. spell(v.) spelling(n.)拼写8. pronounce(v.) pronunciation(n.)发音9. cent分 ( 可 数 penny> fen不可数)lO.cookbook 烹饪书11.totally完 全 的 in to ta l共计、总计l.It is possible to tell whether a person is American or British by listening to his or herspeech. 一个人通过听他、她说话来判断他、她是美国人还是英国人是有可能的。
2. In America an elevator starts on the first floor, but in Britain it starts on the ereucd floor.( 美式英语第一层) ( 英式英语第一层)三、重点语法现在进行时表将来：Mz/is/we+d 加g 现在进行时态表将要发生的动作，多用于一些位移动词, 如：arrive, come, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, start, stay, fly, move .Eg: Are you meeting Bill this evening 你今晚将和比尔见面吗？四、书面表达范文Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures. Here are some things that have different meanings between the Chinese and western cultures.In China, peacock is a beautiful animal that stands for beauty and goodness. Bats alsohave positive meanings in China, especially in the southern part of the country. They standfor life and happiness. However, for people in western cultures, they mean bad luck. Bamboois a symbol of happiness and peace in China, but it means wisdom and power in westerncultures.Unit3 Topic3Section A一、重点词组l.give sb some advice/suggestions on・・・给某人一些关于…的建议15 . the final exam 期末考试16 .be afraid of doing sth./be afraid to do sth.2.have been t o 曾经去过某地害怕做某事3.enjoy oneself/have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快17.it seems that 似乎18.make progress in doing sth .在做某事方4.places of interest 名胜面取得进步5.make yourself understood 把自己的意思19.what to do 做什么说 清 楚 make+oneself+V . 过去分词2O.at times=sometimes 有时6.get into trouble 有困难21. feel like doing sth .想要做某事7.different accents 不同的口音22.give up doing sth .放弃做某事8.have long conversations with s b .与某人进行长谈23.ask sb. for help 向某人求助9.work harder a t 更加努力学习24.be good at doing sth 擅长做某事lO.oral/spoken English 英语 口 语25.write a composition 写作文ll.dare not do sth .不敢做某事26.copy new words抄写新单词12. in public在公共场合27.in a notebook在一本笔记本上13.feel sleepy 感到困倦28.take sth. with s b .随身携带14.in English classes 在英语课上29.keep a diary 写日记 30.1isten to the tape 听磁带二、重点句子LCouId you make yourself understood in the USA?在美国你能把自己的意思说清楚吗？2.1 dare not speak English in public我不敢在公共场合说英语dare①情态动词+V原 （ 用not来否定）②实意动词+to do sth .（ 用助动词do, d o es,或 did来改否定句或疑问句）3.1 am really afraid of the final exam .我真的很担心期末考。
4.At timesy I feel like giving u p .有时我想要放弃5.1 should work harder at learning English.我应该更加努力学习英语Section B一、重点词组l . be weak in ...不擅长于…2 .turn to sb. =ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助3 .copy new words抄写新单词4.1earn a lot from ...从…中学到许多5.stick...on the wall 把…贴在墙上6.im prove the reading ability 提高阅读能力7 .do more reading做更多的阅读8 .get the main idea of the article 理解文章二、重点词组的大意9 .make mistakes 犯错误lO. have/take a deep breath 深呼吸11 .give it a try 试一试12. think about 考虑13 .advise sb. to do sth .建议某人做某事14. have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难15. go on a trip 去旅行l. Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well ?你能给我们一些如何学习好英语的建议吗？2. Two years ago, I was also weak in English.两年前，我在英语方面也很弱。
3. So I turned to Mr. Brown and I have learned a lot from him. 因此我向布朗先生求助， 我从他那里学到了很多4. Think about your answer, take a deep breath and smile, and then answer the question•思考一下你的问题，深吸一口气，然后微笑，再回答问题5. CouId you please tell me how to improve my reading ability ? 你能告诉我怎样提高我的阅读能力吗SectionC一、重点词组 l.have/hold a class meeting 召开班会2.i n one飞opinion在某人看来3 .preview/review the day's lesson 预习/ 复习当天的功课4 .prefer doing s t h .更喜欢做某事5 .try to do sth .尝试做某事6.1 m yself我自己11 .as often as possible 尽可能经常12 .keep a diary 写日记13 .as long as 只要14.stick—stuck—stuck stick to doing sth.坚持做某事15.study experience 学习经验16.achieve 达到7.ifs an/ones honor to do sth .做 . . . . 是某 17.answer the teacher's question 回答老师人的荣幸8 .agree with 同意9 .translate...into.. .把 …翻 译 成 …lO.translate every word 逐字翻译问题18 .have no chance to do sth .没有机会做某事19 .practice doing sth .练习做某事二 、重点句子1. Ifs an honor to talk with all of you here.在此与你们交谈我感到很荣幸。
2. Cheng Le advised us to read a good English newspaper. 程乐建议我们阅读一份好的英语报 纸 3. Shu Yan told us we should speak English with our teachers, classmates and even withforeigners as often as possible.舒燕告诉我们，我们应该尽可能和老师、同学甚至和外国人说英语4. Tm sure that you will make great progress as long as you stick to them. 我确信只要你们坚持使用它们，你将会取得很大进步Section D一 、重点词组l .facing problem 面对困难2 .what1 2 * 4s mor e 此外3 .an effective way 一种有效的方法4 .find out 找到1. Then have paper and a pen ready as you may want to write down useful words or phrases.准备好笔和纸，因为你也许想写下有用的单词和短语。
2. In this way, you can increase the number of words and understand the dialogs better•你就可以用这种方式增加词汇量并更好地理解对话三 、重点语法1> Word Formation（ 构词法） - …（ 1） Derivations （ 派 生 词 ）（ 2） Compounds （ 复合词）2、 疑 问 词who, what, which, when, how等与不定式连用， 构成不定式短语, 在句中作主语、宾语等5.if necessary如果有必要6.have/get ...ready把什么准备好7.in this w ay用这种方法8.increase the number of words 扩大词汇量二 、重点句子9.be sure to do sth确定做某事lO.download English songs 下载英语歌ll.the following two ways 下面两种方法12.pick some useful words or phrase 挑选一些有用的单词或者短语13.imitate the pronunciation of the actors模仿演员的发音 四、书面表达范文( 英语的重要性及英语学习)请根据提示，写一篇阐述英语重要性的文章。
80词左右)1. 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言2 全 球 有 4 亿多人把英语作为第一语言来使用; 3. 世界上有许多国家把英语作为一门外语来学习和使用; 4. 中国的改革开放政策(reform andopening-up policy)＞加入“ 世贸” 组织(entry into WTO)和北京2008年成功举办奥运会激励越来越多的人学习英语Nowadays, English is the most widely used throughout the world. Recent studies showthat over 400 million people speak English as their mother tongue. Even though it is not thefirst or second language in many countries, such as China and Japan, it is also learned andused as a foreign language. Because of reform and opening up policy of China, entry intoWTO and the Olympic games was held in Beijing in 2008,it encourages more and morepeople to learn English. The English language is becoming more and more important. So weshould try our best to study hard at English.The importance (of English)/ (of learning English well)As we know, English is widely used throughout the world and it is becoming more andmore important and useful.First, it's used as the first language in many countries. It's also used as a second languagein many other countries in the world. English is learned as a foreign language in China.More and more foreigners have come to China for a visit in recent years. If we learn Englishwell, we can communicate with them better. Second, it's widely used for business in differentcountries. Three quarters of the word's books and newspapers are written in English. If weknow English, we can gain more knowledge. What's more, if we learn English well, we willmake more foreign friends. That will bring us happiness and friendship.In a word, if s important for us to learn English well.How to learn English wellEnglish is very useful and important to us. But I find it not easy for me to remember the newwords. I am shy. I dare not speak English in Public and answer the questions in class,because Fm afraid of making mistakes. ( 学习英语存在的问题)But how to learn English well? Here are some suggestions. First, we should preview thelesson before class. We should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in English class.And review the lesson after class. Second, we should join the English club at school toimprove my oral English and we should speak English as much as possible. Third, we shouldwatch English programs on TV and listen to English songs. Fourth, keep a diary to practiceour writing. Last but not least, we should keep on trying and never give up. As long as westick to them, we'll learn English well.Differences between American and British English ( 英美英语的差异)As we know, English is spoken widely around the world. But there are differences betweenAmerican English and British English. Generally speaking, American English is differentfrom British English in pronunciation and spelling. For example, Americans usually sound/ha:t/ for the word “hot”， while speakers of British English sound /h t/. There is an examplein spelling. "Favorite" is British English while “ favorite” is American English. There arealso a few differences in some expressions. For example, you fill in a form in Britain, but fillout a form in the U.S.A.. You say “Autumn” in Britain, but you should say “fall" in America. Hello, Li Ming. It's an interesting question. As we all know, spoken English is veryimportant in learning English, so you should try your best to answer the teacher's questionsin English class. Don't be shy, take a deep breath and smile before speaking. After class,you'd better try to practice speaking English as often as possible. You can take part in theEnglish corner to communicate with others. As long as you can practice more, you'll makeprogress.Unit4 TopiclSectionA12、be made of・ ・ • （ 看得出原材料）be madefrom （ 看不出原材料）是用…制作而成的13、be made up o f 是由几部分构成的14、be made in在某地被制造15、be made into 被制作成16^ keep warm 保暖17、digital camera 数码相机18、be used for doing sth.= be used to do 被用来做19、be used as被用来当作20、used to do sth. 过去常常做某事21、be\get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事22.invent（ 动词: 发明） invention （ 名词：发明） inventor（ 名词：发明家）一、重点词组：1、be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事2、allow doing sth. 允许做某事3、allow sb to do s th 允许某人做某事4、 §pend・・, in doing sth花费. ••做某事5、spend ...on sth 花费…在某物上6、 show sth. to sb= show sb. sth. 把某东西给某人看7、a model rocket 一个火箭模型8、send...into 把…送到 send up 发射9、 learn a lot about・・・from从…当中学至…许多关于…的知识10、 e true= achieve=realize 实现11、some day=one day 将来某一天二、重点句子：1、 I was not allowed to play computer games last night.我昨天晚上没有被允许玩电脑游戏。
2、It's bad for your health if you spend too much time on them.如果你花太多时间在他们上,这就会对你的健康有害3、 Ifs used for sending satellites or spaceships into space.它被用来发射人造卫星或宇宙飞船进入太空 4、I wish I could go into space some day.用虚拟语气我希望有一天我能进入太空5、I hope your dream will come tr u e .我希望你的梦想会实现6、what为 the lock made of?•…made of metal.锁是用什么做的？・…它是用金属做的7、What is it used for? = What is it used to do? —It is used for locking the door.它是被用来做什么的？…它是用来锁门的Section B一、重点词组l.light bulb 电灯泡2.it 's said that 据说3 .more than=over 超过4 .during/in one为life在某人的一生中5Jefs go this w ay让我们走这边二、重点句子6 .be different from 和…不同7 .airplane=plane 飞机8 .at that time 在那时9 .so that+句子= in order to+V 原为了、 以便lO.not only...but also... 不但・・. 而且・・.l .Do you know when it was invented? -It was invented in 1879. 你知道它是什么时候发明的吗？ • •它是在1879年被发明的。
2Ifs said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life.据说他一生中发明了二千多件东西3 .Look! An airplane, but ifs different from today's.看 ！ 一架飞机，但不同于今天的飞机4 .1t was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1903. 它是由威尔伯和奥维尔莱特在 1903发明出来的5. Ifs widely used by people everywhere.电灯在各地被人们广泛使用一、重点词组e about发生，产生2.in many w ays在许多方面Section C3.solve a problem 解决问题4. the result of.........的结果、晶 5 .be made in +地点、时间在哪里、什么时候被制造6 .a few simple steps of 一些简单的步骤7.in the invention process 在发明的过程中8.crazy thought疯狂的想法9.1augh at s b .嘲笑某人lO.brainstorm for ideas 集思广益11 .careful planning 详细的计划12 .make a detailed drawing o f...作一个详细的规划13 .do more research 做更多的研究14 .share sth with s b .与某人分享某物15 .use your imagination运用你的想象力16 .come to the idea o f . . . 想出…的主意Section D—.重点词组l.find o u t找到、查明2. guiding mark 导向标志3. in... direction 朝. . . 方向4. work well （ in doing sth.） （ 在做某事方面）起作用、凑效5. at night在夜里6. as long as 只要7. during the rest of the time 在剩下的时间里8. at any tim e在任何时候9. in any place在任何地方10. in any weather任何天气条件下11. the shape of the earth 地球的形状12. the disadvantage of..........的缺点13.in the future 在将来14.explore（ 动词：探险） explorer（ 名词：探险者）二. 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态构成：Be动 词 was/were+V过去分词含情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+V过去分词一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be + V 过去分词现在完成时的被动语态构成：have/has+been+V 过去分词• What's it used for? — Ifs used for listening to music.• Whafs it made of?・・ It's made of plastic.• Where was it invented? — It was invented in Korea., When was it invented?…It was invented in 1998.三. 书面表达范文（ 介绍自己的一项发明） My invention is a robot. It is called ^Superman". There is a computer inside its body.It looks like a tiger. When you see it for the first time, you may be frightened. In fact, it isgentle and polite. It can help us do housework, such as cleaning a room, washing dishes, andmaking the bed. When the room is dirty, it will begin to work at once. It can also watch overa house instead of humans. It is careful, clever and hard-working. In short, this robot is veryuseful to us, though it can't run or speak.Unit 4 Topic 2SectionA一、重点词形1、 show・ showed（ 过去式） - shown（ 过去分词）2、 find-found （ 过去式）-found （ 过去分词）二、重点词组1、 be excited about...对・ ・ ・ 感至！J兴奋2、will be shown 将被上映3、life in space在太空的生活4^ travel by spaceship乘宇宙飞船旅行5、live on M ars居住在火星6、in the future 在将来7、one d ay将来某一天8、will be built 将被建立9、will be able to do sth .将有能力做某事10、What fu n !多么有趣啊11、can! wait to do sth 等不及做某事12、can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事3、 build-built（ 过去式） ・built（ 过去分词）4、 keep-kept（ 过去式） ・kept（ 过去分词）5、 use・ used（ 过去式） -used（ 过去分词）6、 send・ sent（ 过去式） -sent（ 过去分词）13、look forward to doing sth .盼望做某事14^ according to 按照15、soft screen不刺眼的屏幕16、in outer space在外层空间17、will be kept 将被保留18、will be displayed 将被显示19、will be used 将被用20、will be sent 将被送21、will be found 将被找到22、think about 考虑23、after.・・+ 动词in g 在…之后24> in order to 为了，以便 25y learn about human culture 了解人类的 27、see with one^ own eyes= see...oneself文化 亲眼看见26、n ot...until...直到…才…三、重点句子1、think后面的宾语从句的否定形式转移到主句的谓语动词think前，翻译成：“ 我认为…不・・.”Eg ： I don*t think aliens will be found in sp a c e .我认为在太空中外星人将不会被找到。
2、有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词We*ll be able to do anything that can be done on the earth.我们将能做在地球上能做的任何事一、重点词组.l.space flight 太空飞行2 .take part in= join in=be in 参 力 口3 .travel into space 到太空旅行4 .admire s b .羡慕某人 admire sb. for sth为某事羡慕某人5 .grow up 长大6 .master some basic computer skills 掌握一些基本的电脑技术7.1 am not sure.=I don't know.=I have noidea.我不知道/ 我不确定二、重要句子SectionB8 .perform ballet 表演芭蕾9 .on the stage在舞台上10. be excited about对…感动兴奋11. like...better than...=prefer... to ... 比起…更喜欢…12 .realize=e true 实现13 .by chance 偶然14 .disappear rapidly 很快消失15.in the near future在不远的将来16.in the universe 在宇宙中l.They will travel into space and discover something new about M ars.他们将进入太空，发现一些关于火星的新东西。
2.1 think you should first master some basic computer skills.我想你应该先掌握一些基本的电脑技能3.1 prefer science to dance•比起跳舞我更喜欢科学一、重点词组l.know about 了解2.solar system 太阳系3 .be named after以什么命名4 .the roman god of war 古罗马战神SectionC5 .go around绕着什么转6 .at a distance o f...相隔…7 .be covered b y ...被什么覆盖8 .on the surface o f ...在…的表面 9. be closest t o . . . 离…最近 13.whafs worse 更糟糕的是lO.search for more information about...搜 14. limit the use of water 限制用水索更多有关…的信息 15.have/take a show er洗澡11 .go w e ll进展顺利 16.be worth doing s t h 值得做某事12 .the living conditions 生活条件17.it takes sb some time to do s t h 花费某人多少时间做某事二、重点句子倍数的表达法：倍数/ 分数/ 数字/+as+adj/adv的原级+as....................的几倍l.Its diameter is 53% as wide as that of the earth.它的直径是地球直径的百分之五十三倍。
2.The gravity on the surface of Mars is about two -fifths as strong as it is on earth. 火星表面的引力大约是地球表面引力的五分之二3.it has been +一段时间+since+从句=it is+一段时间+ 从句Section D一、 重点词组Lmillions o f 数以百万计 7.go beyond 超出2.have\go around 绕. . . . 转 8.send sth. to sb. =send sb. sth. 给某人3.be called 被叫做 送…4.solar system 太阳系 9.try to do sth 试着做某事S.send up=launch 发射 10.with the help of=with one's help 在某6.in the universe 在宇宙 人的帮助下二、重点语法1、一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+动词的过去分词A wonderful movie will be shown tonight. 今天晚上一部精彩的电影将会上映。
三、书面表达范文Our EarthDo you want to know about the earth? Now, let me tell you something about it.The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system and is named after oldEnglish. It goes around the sun. The moon is its only natural satellite. Its diameter is 12,742kilometers. The surface area of the earth is 510 million square kilometers and thetemperature is between -89.2℃ and 61℃. The air has 21% oxygen. So plants, all kinds ofanimals and human beings can live on the earth. The population of the world has reached6.8 billion. Do you want to make friends with us?Unit 4 Topic 3 Section A一、重要词组 1、in the Science Museum 在科技博物馆2、National hero 民族英雄3、go around=travel around 绕着.♦ •转4、be proud of…为. . . 感到骄傲5、be the pride of..•是・. . 的骄傲6、sent... into space把… 送入太空7、Whafs more 此外8、another four=four more 另外四个9、in the past few years 在过去几年里10、make great progress in doing sth .在做某事方面取得巨大进步11、What a large crowd! 多么拥挤的人群二、重要句子、句型啊 ！12% lunar probe月球探测器13、Legend of Chang” 嫦娥的传说14、give sb. a lesson 给某人上了一节课15、set foot on the moon 登上月球16、during onefs life 在某人的一生中17% take part in 参加18、along with 随同19、have a space walk进行一次太空漫步20、spend... (in) doing sth.花费… 做某事21% take back to earth 带回地球22 \ in the future.在将来1、 定语从句： 一个简单句跟在先行词后 （ 名词或代词） 进行修饰限定， 所以叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分，翻译时先翻译定语从句结构：先行词+ 联系词+ 定语从句先行词: 指 被 定语从句修饰的名词、代词一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面句例：He is our national hero who traveled around the earth in Shenzhou five for 21 hours.杨利伟是乘坐神舟五号围绕地球飞行了 21小时的民族英雄先行词“national hero” 是人，所以联系词应用who或 that联系词：关系词常有2 个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句②代替先行词，在定语从句中担当一个成分例如：that、who （ 先行词是人）、which （ 先行词是物）、why （ 主要用于修饰表原因的名词）when（ 修饰表时间的名词） …注：保险起见，在没有碰到特别情况下，其他联系词可用that代替，但在特别情况下，就必须用指定的联系词例如：1）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；2）整个句中前面已有“which”，“why”时3）先行词本身是that例句： Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut that had a space w alk.刘洋是中国第一个进行太空漫步的女宇航员。
The first”是序数词修饰先行词"woman astronaut^,所以联系词必须用“that”2、 If s a spaceship which was launched as China9 s first lunar probe.• •这是中国第一艘能发射月球探测器的宇宙飞船3、China is the third nation that sent person into space.中国是将人送入太空的第三个国家4、 It proves that China has made great progress in its space industry. 这证明了 中国在航天事业上取得了巨大的进步 SectionB一、重点词组Lask sb. about sth .问某人关于什么的东西2 .electronic controls 电子控制3 .used to b e 过去常常4 .control the speed and direction of 控制…的速度和方向5 .know so little about 对…了解很少6 .master computer technology 掌握电脑技术二、重要句子7 .advise sb. to do sth .建议某人做某事8 .discover new ways to do sth .发现做某事的新方法9 .explain to s b .向某人解释lO .make up one's mind to do sth .下定决心做某事l l .add ... to ...把 . . •力 口 到 …上1. Spaceship which now mainly use electronic controls used to be controlled by astronauts宇宙飞船目前主要使用电子控制是由宇航员2.1 fs important to master computer technology 掌握电脑技术是很重要的SectionC1. there is no doubt th a t...毫无疑问…2. be useful in ...在某方面有用3. keep...doing sth .保持一直做某事4. place and cancel orders 下订单和取消订单5. come into being 出现、产生7. thanks t o 幸亏、由于8 . do business做生意9. for instance 例如10. as u s u a l像往常一样11. it is reported that... 据报道…12. break down 出故障6. personal computer 个人电脑2. Besides, not everything we read on the Internet is true or good for us.另外，我们在网上看到的东西并不都是真实的、有益的。
l） besides与 except用于肯定句时，except意为“ 除. . . 之 外 （ 不再有）besides意为“ 除. . .之 外 （ 还有）如:I have another blue pen besides this one.除了这支外，我还有另一支蓝色钢笔 1 + L 共 2 支）We all passed the exam except Tom.我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外 整体中……汤姆一人不及格）（ 2） except前几乎总有all、any、every> no及其复合词等词如：He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了 (3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和动词原形，这时except二 but；但 except后跟副词、介词短语时，不能用but代替如：The window is never open except in summer.这扇窗户从来不开，SectionD1. know for certain 确切地知道2. so fa r 到目前为止3. work fo r 效力于4. all the time 一直5. be surprised a t . . . 对…感到惊讶6. think on one's own=think for oneself独立思考7. warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人( 不要)书面表达范文干某事warn sb. about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事warn sb. against (doing) sth.警告某人某事8. trea t...a s...把…看做…对待9. do one's homework 做家务活One Day Without ComputersToday, when I got up, I just turned on the computer as usual, but it didn't work.Then I tried my brother's PC, my parents9, even my dog's, but none of them worked.Later, it was reported on TV that all of the computers in the world broke down today. So theworld is quite different. For instance, we can't play games, watch movies or do shopping athome. Besides, we can't communicate by sending e-mails or chatting online. Without thehelp of computers, businessmen can't place or cancel orders online. Teachers can't givelessons to their students. What's worse, robots controlled by computers can't do dangerouswork for humans. Even the doctors can't find the diseases easily.In short, we almost have trouble with everything without computers today.The InternetThe Internet is playing an important part in our life. On the Internet, we can learn newsboth from home and abroad. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls andlearn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches andplay games. On the Internet, we can also do some shopping.But if we spend too much time on the Internet, we may get a headache or sore eyes. Andnot everything on the Internet is good for us. So we should use it properly.The advantages and disadvantages of computer or Internet(电脑/ 网络的优点和缺点)As we know, Computer is becoming more and more important.There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business.For example, tiny computer inside patients9 bodies can keep their hearts beating normally.Since the Internet came into being, people's lives at home have changed. We can do theshopping and do business at home. The Internet is making the world smaller, like a village. Computers have improved our lives, but they have some disadvantages, too. For instance,if we work on computers too much time, we may feel headaches or sore eyes. / (If weplay computer games too long, we will not have enough time to study or do sports.)Generally speaking, computer is very important to us, we should use it properly. 。