英语四级写作专项与模拟训练.ppt

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1、-真题分析、专项训练、模拟训练真题分析、专项训练、模拟训练 CET 4 Writing历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型1999.1Dont Hesitate to Say “No”社会生活社会生活原因解原因解释型型1999.6Reading Selectively or Extensively?校园生活校园生活对比比选择型型2000.1How I Finance My College Education?校园生活校园生活问题解决型解决型2000.6Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?校

2、园生活校园生活对比比选择型型2001.1How to Succeed in a Job Interview?社会社会热点点问题解决型解决型2001.6A Letter to a Schoolmate校园生活校园生活信函信函2002.1A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus校园生活校园生活信函信函2002.6Student Use of Computers校园生活校园生活现象解象解释型型历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型20

3、03.1It Pays to Be Honest社会生活社会生活原因解释型原因解释型2003.6An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident社会生活社会生活记叙文记叙文2004.1A Letter in Reply to a Friend校园生活校园生活信函信函2004.6A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction社会热点社会热点景点介绍景点介绍2005.1A Campaign Speech校园生活校园生活演说词演说词2005.6In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion o

4、f Teachers Day校园生活校园生活记叙文记叙文2006.1Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型2006.6On Students Selecting Lecturers校园生活校园生活现象解释型现象解释型2007.1Spring Festival Gala on CCTV社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型2007.6Welcome to Our Club校园生活校园生活海报海报2008.

5、1What Electives to Choose校园生活校园生活现象解释型现象解释型2008.6Recreational Activities社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型2009.1Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags社会热点社会热点问题解决型问题解决型2009.6Free Admission to Museums社会热点社会热点现象解释型现象解释型2010.1Create a Green Campus校园生活校园生活社会热点社会热点现象解释型现象解释型写作类型写作类型第一段第一段第二段第二段第三段第三段对比选择对比选择型型表明一方或

6、双方观表明一方或双方观点点指明理由指明理由表明个人观点或个人表明个人观点或个人做法做法现象解释现象解释型型指明一种现象或提指明一种现象或提出一种观点出一种观点阐释现象或阐释现象或观点观点对现象、观点进行评对现象、观点进行评价或发表个人见解价或发表个人见解原因解释原因解释型型提出一种社会现象提出一种社会现象或问题或问题解释原因解释原因发表个人看法或提出发表个人看法或提出解决思路解决思路问题解决问题解决型型提出问题提出问题分析解决问分析解决问题的方法题的方法简要评价方法并总结简要评价方法并总结应用型应用型描述事实描述事实描述原因描述原因表明观点或提出建议表明观点或提出建议综合叙事综合叙事型型交待事

7、件背景信息交待事件背景信息描述起因或描述起因或经过和结果经过和结果描写个人感受或分析描写个人感受或分析事件发生的原因事件发生的原因图表型图表型说明图表反映的趋说明图表反映的趋势、问题或现象势、问题或现象分析其原因分析其原因或后果或后果提出解决问题的办法、提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望建议或进行展望v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试写作最常见的写作题型。一般来说，这类议论文的通常是对一个观点或事物的正反两方面或者两种不同的观点或事物进行对比，从而引出主题，得出结论。在对两种不同的观点或事物进行对比时，主要运用比较和对比两种写作技巧。在四级考试中曾多次出现

8、此类议论文。对比选择型对比选择型-P65v2. 写作流程写作流程第一段：简单介绍某一现象或事物。第二段：分析某一观点或事物的正反两面，或比较两 种不同的观点或事物。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法。对比选择型对比选择型或者第一段：简单提及某一现象或事物，并分析该现象或 事物的好处。第二段：分析该现象或事物的弊端。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法v3. 真题分析真题分析 2006年1月大学英语四级考试真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should th

9、e University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点2. 校园是否对游客开放，人们看法不同3. 我认为.对比选择型对比选择型v【范文】Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (1)Nowadays, many well-known university campuses in China have become popular touri

10、st attractions. During holidays, large numbers of tourists can be seen on university campuses, particularly, Peking University and TsingHua University.(1)开篇自然，引出焦点问题开篇自然，引出焦点问题对比选择型对比选择型 (2)Should the university campus be open to tourists? Peoples opinions vary from one to another. (3)Some maintain

11、that opening university campuses to tourists can not only increase universitys financial income but also provide young students a good opportunity to know the university so that they can be encouraged to study harder to realize their dreams. (3)While others argue that opening university campuses to

12、tourists may ruin both their natural and academic environment.(2)过渡句，承上启下过渡句，承上启下(3)分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由对比选择型对比选择型 (4)As far as I am concerned, university campuses should not be open for profit as tourist attractions, because it is a place for study and research, not for tourism. Its purit

13、y and beauty will be destroyed if it becomes a profitable organization. (4)However, I think university is a property for the whole society so that it can be open to individual visitors so long as the visit does not disturb its order.对比选择型对比选择型(4)表明自己的观点，表明自己的观点，because原因状语从句引出原因状语从句引出理由；理由；so that,

14、so long as的使用使句式更为多样的使用使句式更为多样v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板一】 When it comes to the issue of , different people have different opinions. (进一步介绍这种现象或观点). Some people think that . They hold this opinion because (they think) . Others, however, take a negative / positive attitude to . (Others, nevertheless, are more p

15、essimistic / optimistic about it). From their point of view, . Besides, . .对比选择型对比选择型 In my opinion/Personally /From my point view /If asked my attitude, I am more in favor of . I stand in / hold this attitude /opinion / view because . Its true that , but it doesnt mean that . Therefore / In a word/

16、 In short, . Instead, we should对比选择型对比选择型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板二】 Nowadays, wherever you go, you will hear people talk about . Whether you like it or not, it had become a part of our life. Generally, it is believed that there are several advantages with . Firstly, .Whats more . But every coin has two sides

17、, and is no exception. There are also some disadvantages with . To begin with . Beside, . And most important of all, . But all in all, . Therefore, we should . 对比选择型对比选择型v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 现象阐释型的作文通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最后得出结论或发表个人见解。现象阐释型现象阐释型P66v2. 写作流程写作流程第一段：简要描述某一现象或某一观点。 第二段：具体阐释现象或观点

18、的正确性或危害性等。第三段：表明自己的态度或看法。现象阐释型现象阐释型或者或者第一段：简单描述某一现象或观点。第二段：具体阐述引起这种现象的或持有这种观点 考虑的主要因素。第三段：对现象或者观点进行评价。v3. 真真题分析分析 2006年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of students selecting their lecturers. You should write at least 120 words foll

19、owing the outline given below in Chinese:(1). 有些大学允许学生自主选择某些课程的任课老师(2). 学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素(3). 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题现象阐释型现象阐释型v【范文】On Students Selecting Lecturers (1)At present, in some colleges and universities, students are allowed to select lectures on their own. (2)It may someday become the main tren

20、d when people give more priority to academic freedom. (3)Students would take three major elements into consideration when making selections. (1)开门见山，直击主题开门见山，直击主题(2)提出该现象的发展趋势提出该现象的发展趋势(3)揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素现象阐释型现象阐释型 (4)First of all, they will take lecturers teaching styles into account. T

21、eaching styles to students taste would help them learn more efficiently. (4)Moreover, most students tend to choose lecturers with more experience, because such teachers tend to know more about how to stimulate and inspire students and will help them master their subjects with more ease. (4)Last, stu

22、dents also put emphasis on the lecturers academic background. From their perspective, teachers with higher academic degrees may provide more enlightening suggestions.(4)论述有力有序，更具说服力论述有力有序，更具说服力现象阐释型现象阐释型v【范文】On Students Selecting Lecturers (5) Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and s

23、tudents selecting lectures is of no exception. (6)It encourages students to be actively involved in the teaching process, and at the meantime, spurs teachers to improve their teaching quality. (6)However, it is possible that some students would choose lectures blindly without due guidance. And it is

24、 not uncommon that some teachers employ some abnormal devices to attract more students, such as promising higher marks or more “freedom” of attendance. (5)承上启下，引出益处和问题承上启下，引出益处和问题(6)分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词encourage和和spur引出两大益处；引出两大益处；however引出问题所在引出问题所在现象阐释型现象阐释型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板一】 In recent

25、years, (描写现状或趋势). This has caused a lot of problems. First, (结果1). For example, (细节，说明结果1). Second, （结果2） . (细 节，说明结果2). Finally, (结果3). (细节，说明结果3). Since is such a serious problem, we should take effective measures to . First, we should (措 施 1). Besides, (措 施 2). And finally, (措施3).现象阐释型现象阐释型v4. 参考

26、模板参考模板【模板二】 At present/ In recent years/ Nowadays, (描写现状或趋势). It may someday become the main trend when (进一 步 描 述这一现象 或观点). Three major elements/factors would be taken into consideration when (doing sth.). First of all, (主要因素 1). Moreover, (主要因素 2). Last, (主要因素 3). From their perspective, .现象阐释型现象阐释

27、型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板二】 Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and (这种现象或观点) is of no exception. (这种现象或观点的正确性). However, (这种观点或现象的危害性).现象阐释型现象阐释型 原因解释型原因解释型 P68 页页v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 原因解释型作文的重点在于探讨产生某一社会现 象或问题的原因。近十年来，原因阐释型议论文 四级考试中出现的并不多。v2.写作流程写作流程 第一段：对某一社会现象进行描述。 第二段：阐释产生这一社会现象的原因。 第三段：发表个

28、人看法，或提出解决思路。v3. 真真题分析分析 2002年12月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.（1）. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象（2）. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实原因解释型原因解释型v【范文】It Pays to

29、 Be Honest (1) What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act. (2)Regarded as a virtue, it is admired in every country and every culture. (2)The one who lies and cheats is dishonest. Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil, and is despised and condemned by

30、 everyone. (1)一问一答得出一问一答得出honesty的定义，点题的定义，点题(2)从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题原因解释型原因解释型v【范文】It Pays to Be Honest (3) From the mass media and also with our own eyes, we know that dishonest behavior exists in our society. For example, students copy one anothers homework or download illicit paper from

31、 Internet to cheat their teachers; businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers; and even worse there are medical persons who produce fake medicine harming the patients. (3)举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为原因解释型原因解释型v【范文】It Pays to Be Honest (4) However, those people may succeed for a ti

32、me, but sooner or later, they will bring them nothing but troubles. (5)As an English proverb goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” (5) For one thing, if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends, you must be honest. A liar is always looked down upon and avoided by the people around him. (5)

33、For another, if you want to succeed in your work, the first qualification you should have is honesty. (6)Therefore, whatever your aim is, you must work honestly to attain it.(4)通过通过however一词转折引入文一词转折引入文章主题章主题“为什么做人应该诚实为什么做人应该诚实”(5)以一句名谚语及以一句名谚语及for one thing, for another两个短两个短 语说明原因语说明原因(6)进一步强化主题，即

34、不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得进一步强化主题，即不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得原因解释型原因解释型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板一】 Nowadays, we often hear that (提出现象). This phenomenon is not accidental, and there is social and individual background. Why ? For one thing, （原因 1）. For another, (原因 2). For instance, (举例说明). From that, we . As far as I am

35、 concerned, I agree that . I think that (作者本人的点 ). .原因解释型原因解释型第三段或为 We should take measures to . First, (措 施 1).Second, (措施2). Finally, (措施3).v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板二】 As is known to all, _. People seem to get Accustomed to _. In fact, _. The reason lies in several aspects. Firstly, _. Secondly, _. Thirdly,

36、 _.Finally, _. As a matter of fact, _. On the one hand, _.On the other hand, _.Therefore,_.原因解释型原因解释型v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 问题解决型的作文通常先说明情况，提出问题，随后提出解决方法或处理方式，最后给予评价。问题解决型问题解决型 第第69页页v2. 写作流程写作流程 第一段：描述现状、形势、提出问题。 第二段：提出解决问题的方法。 第三段：简要评价提及的方法，或选择其中一、 两种自己认为合适的方法并说明理由。v3. 真题分析真题分析 2000年12月大学英语四级考试真题Direc

37、tions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: (1 ). 面试在求职过程中的作用 (2). 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能 力、专业知识、自信、实事求是问题解决型问题解决型v【

38、范文】How to Succeed in a Job Interview (1)Nowadays, great importance has been attached to interviews by both the employer and the job-hunter. (2)On the one hand, the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates, such as their work experience, education and their persona

39、lities, so as to pick out the right person. (2)On the other hand, the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to know the job, including salary, working conditions and opportunities for future development.(1)提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性(2)从从interviewer与与interviewee两方面阐述面试两方面阐述面试在求职过程中的作用，为引出

40、文章主题做铺垫在求职过程中的作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫问题解决型问题解决型v【范文】How to Succeed in a Job Interview (3)Therefore, the job interview is very important to a job-hunter. But how can we succeed in it? (4)Firstly, dress properly and neatly since the first impression is one of the keys to success. (4)Secondly，behave politely and

41、 confidently. Dont be too proud, and neither too shy. Show your expertise and abilities to the employer with respect and confidence. (4)Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background, for honesty is the best policy.(4)分层次解释分层次解释取得面

42、试成功的三大因素，取得面试成功的三大因素，“last but not the least”意为意为“最后，但最后，但同样重要的是同样重要的是”(3)Therefore承上启承上启下，下，but提出主题提出主题问题解决型问题解决型v【范文】 How to Succeed in a Job Interview (5)To sum up, the job interview is really important, but there is no need to be nervous. (5)As long as you have the ability for the job and put th

43、e above principles into practice, you will most probably succeed in it.(5) “to sum up”引出总结，引出总结，“as long as”句型引出建议，语言简练，连接紧凑句型引出建议，语言简练，连接紧凑问题解决型问题解决型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板一】 Nowadays, great importance has been attached to (目前的现象及存在的问题). Many ways can contribute to (要解决的问题), but the following ones may be e

44、ffective. First of all, （方法1）. Besides, (方法2）.Finally, （方法3）. In conclusion/ To sum up, the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. （希望）.问题解决型问题解决型v4. 参考模板参考模板【模板二】 With the _ of _, _. So its of great importance for us to _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand,_. How

45、ever, we have figure out many ways to/ As is known to all, there are many ways _. Firstly,_.So long as _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _. In fact/ So its high time for us to, _. That is because _. In a word, _.问题解决型问题解决型v 应用文，就是在现实生活中有实际应用功能的文体，比如书信、通知、演讲稿、见证书、导游词等。应用文是大学英语四级考试中常见的考查内容，与议论文、记叙文和说明文相比，应用型作文

46、与生活、社会的联系更加紧密，在格式、行文习惯等方面更讲究规矩。因此，无论写哪些应用型作文，都必须按其各自规范化的、约定俗成的格式来写，不能随意改变格式。下面主要讲述英文书信的构成、写英文书信时应注意的事项。应用型应用型第第71页页v1. 书信的构成书信的构成 英文书信一般分为六个部分：信头，信内地址，称呼，正文，结束语，署名。此外信末还可附上附件及再启。应用型应用型v2. 书信的构成书信的构成 信头信头(Heading) 信头通常包括发信人的地址和发件日期，置于信纸右上 角，离信纸的顶头约一英寸，在靠近信纸的中央开始写。地址的写法有小到大。若用印有信头的信笺，则打上发信日期即可。日期写法有英、

47、美两种不同的格式。英国写法为“日、月、年”，美国写法为“月、日、年”。如： April 19, 2007 (American) 19th April, 2007 (British)齐头式齐头式： 16 Brown St. Reading Berks England March 6th, 2009应用型应用型v信头分两种： 齐头式(Block Style）和缩进式(Indented Style）缩进式缩进式： 16 Brown St.Reading Berks England March 6th, 2009 信内地址信内地址(Inside Address)(Inside Address) 信内地

48、址包括收信人的姓名、地址，写在左上方，位置比右上方发信人的地址和日期低1-2行，也是分数行从小到大依次书写。私人信件则不拘形式。在收信人名字前须加尊称如Mr., Miss, Sir, Dr.等 称呼称呼(Salutation)(Salutation) 称呼是对收件人的称呼，另起一行写在信内地址下面，在称呼后一般加“，”。如Dear Mr. Green或Dear President Bush。若写给某个单位或不熟悉的人，可用Dear Sir/Madam或Dear Director/Gentleman。应用型应用型 正文正文(Body) 正文通常包含三部分内容：第一部分用一两句话写明写信的目的或表

49、达问候、谢意；第二部分具体说明所谈事物的细节问题；第三部分是向对方再一次表达你的诚意和感谢等。正文的第一行须离称呼一个行距或两个行距，段首缩进四个字符。 结尾谦称结尾谦称(Complimentary Close) 结尾谦称这一客套称呼写在结尾语(正文)下隔一行处，从正中或偏右处写起。目前，也有人偏左处写起。第一个字母大写，后面加逗号。应用型应用型 Devotedly, Lovingly, Your own, All my love, (用于情人、夫妻之间） Yours lovingly, Your affectionately, (用于亲密的家人间) Sincerely yours, (用于熟

50、悉的人之间) Respectfully yours, (用于地位高的人或长辈) Faithfully yours, (用于对机关的正式函件) 签名签名(Signature) 签名的位置在结束语之下，偏向信纸的右边。信纸上一定要有亲笔签名。即使信纸上已经有打印的签名，仍需在其上方亲笔签一遍。 应用型应用型v 附件附件(Enclosure) 如果信的正文中谈到有附件，应在左下角注明Enclosure或 Encl.或 Encls.。若附件不止一个，则写上 2（或3、4等）encls。例如： Encl: A copy of my resume 2 Encls: 2 Invoices 3 Encls:

51、1 Resume 1 Doctors Certificate 1 Photo 完整信件格式图例： （* 私人信件或非正式信件通常省略信内的寄信人地址、收信人地址和日期。）应用型应用型应用型应用型 Heading（信头）Address of the writer DateInside Address（收件人姓名，地址）Salutation（称呼）， The Body of the Letter（信文）. . Complimentary Close（结尾谦称）， Signature（签名）v2. 英文书信的特点及写作要求英文书信的特点及写作要求 书信的写作格式比较固定，通常不是考试的重点，重点仍然

52、是英语解释或说明一件事情的能力。英文书信主要分为私人信函 (Personal letter) 和公务信函 (business letter)。私人信函是写给亲朋好友，与他们互通消息、交流感情的渠道。公务信函包括商务信函、社交信函、事务信函甚至私人事务信函，如申请书、推荐信、祝贺信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、求职信、道歉信等。 开头部分：点名写信的意图； 主体部分：展开说明问题、介绍情况或描写事件； 结尾部分：提出愿望或表达感谢、祝福。应用型应用型v3. 真题分析真题分析 2004年1月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 m

53、inutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You shouldwrite at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 建议报考的专业及理由2. 报考该专业的基本条件3. 应当如何备考应用型应用型 A Letter of Reply to a Friend Dec

54、ember 27th,2003 Dear , I was glad to receive your letter two days ago. (1)In answer to your question about how to apply for admission to our university, (1) I will give you the following advices. I suggest you to apply for the English major. (2)For one thing, the English major of our university is f

55、amous for its modern teaching equipments and prestigious professors. (2)For another, generally graduates majored in English in our university get desirable employment on job markets.(1)”in answer to”道明写信的目的道明写信的目的(2)两个短语指明提出建议的理由两个短语指明提出建议的理由应用型应用型 (3)There are some requirements for this major. (3)F

56、or example, you have to have a good foundation in English. (3)Moreover, you have to pay a higher tuition than students of other majors. (4) Besides, you have to make some preparation for the test. (4)On the one hand, you should pay attention to enlarging your vocabulary and practicing the grammar. (

57、4) On the other hand, you should practice the listening and oral English persistently. (4) Last but not least, to reach the goal, lots of exercises are necessary. Yours sincerely, Liang Chen(4)”besides”一词就如何备考给出一词就如何备考给出自己的建议，三个短语分层次更详自己的建议，三个短语分层次更详细的阐述备考的建议细的阐述备考的建议应用型应用型(3)There be句型承上启下，两个句型承上启下

58、，两个短语引出报考该专业的基本条件短语引出报考该专业的基本条件v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 综合叙事型文章是以记人叙事为主要内容、以叙述为主要表达方式的文章。写这类作文要综合记叙、描写和议论等写作方法，既要交代时间、地点、人物、事情的发生、发展和变化，也要分析事情发生的原因或写出个人感受。综合叙事型综合叙事型 第第74页页v2. 写作流程写作流程 第一段：引出主题，交待清楚事情发生的背景，如时 间、地点及人物等。 第二段：描述事情发生的起因、经过和结果。 第三段：分析事件发生的原因或者写出个人的感受v3. 真题分析真题分析 2003年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：For

59、 this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书包括以下几点：1. 车祸发生的时间及地点2. 你所见到的车祸情况3. 你对车祸原因的分析综合叙事型综合叙事型v【范文】 An Eye-Witness Accou

60、nt of a Traffic Accident (1)On May 5th, 2003, I witnessed and an accident on Wuyi Road on my way to the Pedestrian Street. (2)It was around one oclock in the afternoon that I was riding my bicycle. (2)Hardly had I got to a major crossroad when the green traffic light flashed, so I stopped. The traff

61、ic light soon turned red, but a middle-aged man, also riding a bicycle, passed me on my right and decided to take a risk. To my surprise, he was followed by three or four people. It was most unlucky for the man who first rushed out and was hit by a taxi (2)running at full speed. With a harsh sound o

62、f the emergency brake, the car stopped but the man fell down, (2)mourning and bleeding. The red light was still on at that moment. (1)叙述了此次交通事故发生的时间和地点叙述了此次交通事故发生的时间和地点(2)强调句型、分词结构、虚拟语气、倒装句型使用得强调句型、分词结构、虚拟语气、倒装句型使用得当，句式丰富，使得整个事件的经过生动而形象当，句式丰富，使得整个事件的经过生动而形象综合叙事型综合叙事型v (3) In my opinion, the accident

63、 was due to the bicycle-riders breaking the traffic regulation. The taxi driver is also to be blamedif he had slowed down at the crossroad, the consequence would not have been so serious. How I wish people could be more careful, in that case, such tragedies could become fewer and fewer.(3)分析事件的原因，发表

64、自己的看法分析事件的原因，发表自己的看法综合叙事型综合叙事型v4. 参考模板参考模板 It is (时间和地点) when (事件)took place. （简单叙述一两句）. I saw sight. （描写情景，注意描写的顺序）. To begin with, _. And then, . Eventually, . As a consequence, (结束语). In my opinion, three factors contribute to . First, (原因1).Second， （原因2）. Last , （原因3）. All these led to （结束语）.综合叙

65、事型综合叙事型v第三段或为以下模式： I do believe （个人感受）.v1. 特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 图表型作文要求根据图表上的数据，找出所反映的某个趋势或某一个问题、现象，并对该问题、趋势所产生的原因进行分析。常见的图表型作文有表格（table）、曲线图（line chart）、条形图（bar graph）、饼形图（pie chart）和图片（picture）。写图表型作文应该做好以下几点：图表型图表型第第75页页(1). 看懂并理解看懂并理解图表的含表的含义，这是写好是写好图表型作文的前提；表型作文的前提；(2). 选择能充分能充分说明明图表主表主题的典型数据；的典型数据；(

66、3).根根据据分分析析结果果和和文文章章的的题目目写写出出各各段段的的主主题句句并并展展开开 论述；述；(4). 合理的合理的结构安排是：第一段构安排是：第一段简明扼要，尽量少引数据，明扼要，尽量少引数据， 重在点明重在点明趋势；二、三段的分析是重点，；二、三段的分析是重点，应展开。展开。v2. 写作流程写作流程 第一段：总体说明图表所反映的趋势、问题、现 象，并选用典型数据进行说明； 第二段：分析该问题或该现象的原因或后果； 第三段：提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望。图表型图表型图表型图表型v3. 真真题分析分析 2002年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Directions: For this

67、 part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:(1). 下图所示为1990，1995，2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描 述其变化(2). 说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方 面加以说明）(3). 你认为大学生在

68、使用计算机中有什么困难和问题。图表型图表型v【范文】 Student Use of Computers (1)This chart shows the increase of students use of computers from the year 1990 to 2000. (1)As we can see, in 1990, the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week is 2. In 1995, however, the number doubles and in 2000, it so

69、ars to 20 hours per week.(1)描述图表内容，点明变化趋势描述图表内容，点明变化趋势图表型图表型v【范文】 Student Use of Computers (2)This significant growth can be attributed to (归因于) several factors. (2)Firstly, the value of computers has been gradually recognized. At first, a computer was considered nothing but an expensive typewriter.

70、 Later people found it could process pictures, sound as well as words. (2)Particularly, the latest development of Internet has made computers essential to students who hope to obtain information more quickly. (2)Moreover, since 1990, due to technological advances, computer prices have dropped signif

71、icantly, which has made computer access more affordable to college students.(2)首句引出图表数据变化的原因，接着分层次进首句引出图表数据变化的原因，接着分层次进行详细叙述，条理清楚，行详细叙述，条理清楚，who及及which引导的两引导的两个定语从句使句子紧凑、完整个定语从句使句子紧凑、完整图表型图表型v【范文】 Student Use of Computers (3)It is true that students have benefits a lot from the use of computers. (4)

72、However, on the other hand, problems have also arisen. Some students indulge themselves in computer games so that they ignore their studies. There are also students who even go astray (歧途，迷途) because of the exposure to the pornography (色情资料) on the Internet. (4)Therefore, as every coin has two sides

73、, the computer is a blessing (令人高兴的事物，带来幸福的事物) as long as it is used in a proper way.(3)总结上文，承上总结上文，承上(4)However启下，指出存在的问题启下，指出存在的问题0(4)Therefore引出问题的对立面，引出问题的对立面，as long as提出建议提出建议图表型图表型v(4) 参考模板参考模板 Recently there has been a tremendous growth in _ (指出第一次数据变化). What amazes us most is (第二次数据变化). It

74、is true that (点明变化趋势). There are many reasons explaining . The main reason is . Whats more, . Thirdly , . As a result, . Considering all this, I believe （指出大学生 在 使 用 计 算 机 中 有 困 难 和 问 题 ） . For one thing, (困难一）. For another, （困难二）. In conclusion, (提出建议）. 图表型图表型（1）Misleading News (P.141) Nowadays, a

75、large amount of misleading news appears in the media circle, which calls for peoples attention. An increasing number of reporters write untrue stories about famous stars or hot events. It is mainly due to the wrong notion of some journalists that we encounter more and more misleading news. Firstly,

76、some journalists devote themselves to cooking up some misleading news to make name for themselves or become more popular in the media circle. In order to make their dreams come true, they coin more and more misleading news neglecting their morality of profession. Secondly,专项训练专项训练 some of the audien

77、ce are very interested in misleading news, which to some extent leads to the existence of misleading news. In addition, they wrongly believe that in the competitive media circle, no media can survive without the sensational stories catering to readers taste and curiosity. In my view, the media circl

78、e should take the responsibility of offering true information. Thus, all the journalists should abide by their professional morals and produce true news to the public. On the other hand, the readers should try to resist the misleading news. In this way, we can enjoy our life by reading true news. 专项

79、训练专项训练 （2）Energy Crisis(P.142) When asked about one of the biggest problems we are facing today, many people may say that an energy crisis is approaching and is threatening mankinds survival. They are afraid that the world is likely to run out of oil and metals and to run short of food in the near f

80、uture. To this problem, most countries respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of our natural resources. Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present waste of energy in industrial and personal consumption is so serious that it has become habitual and traditional. If the natural resou

81、rces are used economically, we can certainly slow down the present drain on the limited energy supply. 专项训练专项训练 However, conservation alone is not the answer. It is obvious that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis, but cannot solve the problem completely. However abu

82、ndant certain natural resources may be, they cannot reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately. So in the long run, we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the known, limited supplies. Man is highly adaptable and creative. Therefore, in my opinion, since m

83、an is able to tap such resources as oil and metal, he should also develop and harness solar energy, nuclear energy and other unknown energy resources so that we can live in a world without energy crisis.专项训练专项训练 （3）My View on the Income Gap（P.143） Nowadays the income gap is getting wider and wider.

84、In some privately-owned firms, joint ventures, or foreign-owned companies, an executives annual income is ten times or even a hundred times as much as an ordinary workers. Confronted with this situation, people will undoubtedly hold different options. Some maintain that it benefits the social and ec

85、onomic development since driving force is often derived from the gap, which means that the gap inspires ones desire and gives one an impetus to advancement. Others speak of its side effect. Income gap is often the root of social unrest and also contrary to our countrys socialist principle. 专项训练专项训练

86、In my view, while it is true that the income gap may stimulate the social development to some extent, it causes trouble as well. The income gap that is too wide for most people to bear neither benefits the stability of our country nor promotes our economic development. Thus, while we are advocating

87、the rapid development of our country, we should tolerate the narrow income gap but narrow the wider one.专项训练专项训练（4）My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements (P.144) Commercial advertisements have never been so popular in China as they are today. Generally speaking, advertisements do a l

88、ot of good to a countrys economic development if they are reliable. Unfortunately, some irresponsible producers use dishonest means to cheat consumers in order to seek greater profits. This has serious side effects and does harm to the society.专项训练专项训练 First, these dishonest advertisements harm our

89、normal market and hurt the interests of honest manufactures, because when people find out the truth, they will lose their trust and respect for all advertisements. Besides, dishonest advertisements will mislead consumers to buy the inferior products and sometimes even fake goods. Worst of all, some

90、dishonest advertisements are seen abroad, which can cause diplomatic disputes. Dishonest ads have now become a social cancer. We should call on all the people to be alert to any dishonest ads. Once they are exposed and the culprits are caught, they should be severely punished.专项训练专项训练（5）On Overseas

91、Study With the deepening of reform and opening-up of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. They insist that the modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in those foreign colleges and universities can help lay a perfect foundation for t

92、heir future development. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesnt pay. They also point out that there are no language and cultural barriers if they study in our country. 专项训练专项训练 Just as the old saying goes

93、, “Every advantage has its disadvantage.” Both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chance and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies in top univers

94、ities at home. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn.专项训练专项训练（6）Reduce Waste on Campus P.146 What is the big problem in our college and universities today? Perhaps some students would say it is the school facility, or the low enthusiasm in learning, as some teachers

95、regard the issue. But I would say one of the biggest problems is the waste on campus. Every day when I go to the school canteens to get my meal, I see lots of food dumped in the garbage can. And each time when I go to the classroom area, I see many classrooms are fully lit without any people inside.

96、 Waste can do us a lot of harm. First, it corrupts our mind. Chinese people often compare wastes to crime, because waste damages the property people created. Moreover, waste will slow down the speed of our economic development. 专项训练专项训练 Take the waste of electricity for example, in order to guarante

97、e our regular study at school, governments have to limit the use of power in some factories. What do you think they will say if they knew what is happening in school. It is high time we said “NO” to the waste on campus. The best way to combat the waste, I think, is to set an example yourself, and do

98、 it right now. If all of us realize the harmful effects of waste, the goal of reducing the campus waste will be achieved in no time.专项训练专项训练 （7）My First Day on Campus I will remember the day when I first came to the college. Being a boy of 17, I was longing for a new life as a college student; but,

99、at the time I had no idea what college life would be like. That morning when the bus carried me to the gate of the college, I was so excited that my heart was beating very fast as if it would leap out of my mouth. From that moment, I would be a student of this college. After registration, I was led

100、by an instructor to the dormitory, where, for the first time, I would live with my roommates instead of my parent. I was so clumsy that I did not know专项训练专项训练 how to make the bed and fix the mosquito net. In the afternoon, I took a walk around the campus together with my roommates. On thinking of st

101、udying in such a beautiful place, I felt quite proud of myself. As we were walking along, talking and laughing, a voice came into our ears, “oh, look at these freshmen!” It was our looks that gave us away. We continued our tour of the college, inspecting every building and every garden until the sun

102、 began to set. In the evening, we sat together, talking about the past and the future. We were so excited that no one wanted to go to bed. As we know, a colorful college life was ahead of us.专项训练专项训练（8）A Good Major or a Good University Every student will be faced with the same question when they pas

103、s the College Entrance Examination: Should he choose a good major or a good university? Answers differs for different groups of people. Some students give priority to a good major. What they cherish is a specialty they like most. In their mind, whether the university is famous is not very importants

104、o long as they work hard, they can achieve a lot in any university, and a bright future is awaiting them. Other students pay more attention to the university. They attach专项训练专项训练 great importance to the university, because the environment of the university to the making of an excellent person is the

105、 fertile soil to the growth of a plant. How can you have a wide vision and a broad horizon if you receive education in an unknown college where there is less exchange of information? In a word, the best choice is a good major at a good university, but without great efforts we can hardly get such a c

106、hoice. If we cannot obtain both, in my opinion, the first thing to consider is a good major. 专项训练专项训练 （9）Should College Students Live on Campus There are an increasing number of students who choose to live off campus. Parents and university administrations understandably reacted differently. They vo

107、iced concerns about security and the threat of off-campus lifestyles getting out of control. However, college students have their own reasons for their choices. Some students prefer to live on campus for the following reasons. First, campus residents are closer to classes, the library, and other res

108、ources, so they are more likely to succeed in college and complete their bachelors专项训练专项训练 专项训练专项训练degree in four years. Furthermore, living in a dorm they can enjoy a great opportunity to meet all kinds of new people and develop relationships with them, so students living on campus are more sociabl

109、e. Last but not the least, living on campus is cheaper and more convenient. Often times, off-campus housing is more expensive than on-campus housing and while living on campus, you dont have to worry about monthly rent payments and utility bills. Some others choose to live off campus because they be

110、lieve that living off campus they are independent, with more privacy and a lot more quiet time. Living off campus gives them freedom from those dorm rules and allow them to set their own. The extra space also means that one can probably find a quiet place to study in the convenience of his own home.

111、 As for me, Im a faithful supporter of living on campus because I, living on campus myself, have witnessed and enjoyed all the convenience and happiness of living on campus. To me, living on campus undoubtedly adds an important element to the complete college experience.专项训练专项训练 （10）Try Luck on Lott

112、ery Nowadays, caught by the lottery, many people are keen on buying all kinds of lottery tickets, such as welfare lottery tickets, sport lottery and even computer lottery. Some even spend lots of money buying them so as to increase the possibility of winning the prize. There are, what is true, peopl

113、e who worry about the negative effects the lottery may bring, but I believe it can bring great benefits to people. Firstly, the lottery is an effective way of raising funds for welfare programs and other public projects. For example, with the participation of so many people, a great deal of money is

114、 accumulated to promote our welfare. Thus in this way the heavy financial专项训练专项训练 burden on the government is greatly relieved. Secondly, for some people, their enthusiasm for the lottery is not about money but fun. They dont care about winning or losing. Instead, they just enjoy the excitement of e

115、xploring the possibilities. For this portion of people, buying lottery is just one of their hobbies. In addition, although some people are concerned that the lottery may encourage laziness and gambling, there is evidence that this is not the case. It has turned out beneficial in China. In conclusion

116、, statistics have been accumulated to show that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. Trying luck on lottery has become a new fashion to some people, and it does good to the citizens as well as the nation. 专项训练专项训练 Online Shopping With the development of the Internet and the popularization

117、of computers, shopping on the Internet has become a commonplace in our life. Here consumers can buy almost everything they need. Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, of which the most important is perhaps its convenience. People dont have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time

118、 to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like. This is especially desirable to the old, the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person. The goods come in all shapes, sizes and模拟训练模拟训练 P.151 colors on the Internet. All they need to do is to sit in front of the

119、ir computers and click the mouse. The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly. However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the consumers cant see the goods or try them on personally. Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as w

120、hat they have seen on the computer. The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you. Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain.模拟训练模拟训练1 P.151 The Popularity of Blogging

121、 In recent years, blogging has become very popular. More and more people have created their own blogs and often visit others blogs. They use blogs to review their inner voice or collect and share thoughts and things they find interesting. In brief, the blog is an online diary or frequently updated p

122、ersonal page. Why does blogging become so popular in such a short time? Firstly, it is the widespread use of Internet that provides a platform for the appearance and popularity of blogging. Secondly, anyone can create his own blog as he wishes. Blogging has no fixed rules and模拟训练模拟训练2 P.163 neednt p

123、rofessional knowledge and skills, which enables millions of people to have a voice and connect with others. Thirdly, blogging covers all kinds of topics from daily life to political forums, from individual thoughts to world events. Among millions of blogs, you can always find something you are inter

124、ested in. However, blogging also has some problems. For one thing, plagiarism in blogging is not unusual. The protection of blog copyright cannot be guaranteed. For another, much of the blog content isnt that good and some blogs even include unhealthy things. Therefore, blog still has a long way to

125、go before it becomes mature.模拟训练模拟训练2 P.163A Letter of Application for a School LoanTo whom it may concern, In writing to you to apply for a school loan. As a freshman from the English Department, I have much financial difficulty in continuing my study. There are five members in my family. My father

126、 is the only breadwinner of the whole family and my mother was laid off two years ago. My grandmother has been suffering a chronic illness for more than five years. My younger brother is now studying in a senior模拟训练模拟训练3 P.176middle school. I took part-time jobs during the summer vacation, but what

127、I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees. In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a school loan. If my request is granted, I will make good use of the money and put my heart into study. I will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements. I ho

128、pe that you will consider my application. Im looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Liu Peng 模拟训练模拟训练3 P.176 Lectures and discussions There is a heated debate over the advantages of lectures and discussions. It is commonly accepted that lectures can help students learn more and quickly. In

129、contrast, others hold that discussions can stimulate the students to learn by themselves. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that attending a lecture can save your precious time. In their view, this method teaches students the value of discipline and self-control. The students who attend the l

130、ecture can get more systematical knowledge.模拟训练模拟训练4 P.189 However, others think that in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the class without dominating it. They argue that to engage in a discussion helps students develop the ability to analyze problems and more creative thoughts can be incite

131、d in the discussion. I should say, different methods have different advantages. Furthermore, each student has his own favorites. Therefore, we might adopt different teaching methods according to different needs.模拟训练模拟训练4 P.189 My View on Job-Hopping It is very common in China today for people keep o

132、n their job until they retire. The reasons for this phenomenon vary. People with traditional beliefs think that “a rolling stone gathers no moss”, which means frequently changing jobs means that one gets nowhere. Therefore most people tend to keep their first job as their life-long career if they th

133、ink the jobs they find suit them well. It is especially true among those who have received higher education, such as scientists, professors and artists.模拟训练模拟训练5 P.202 On the other hand, with the economy highly developed and more opportunities presenting themselves, more and more people, especially

134、younger ones prefer to change jobs from time to time. Some change their jobs for higher income; some for further career development, and some just for pursuing what is new and stimulating. Whatever the reasons are, job-hopping has becoming a new trend. As far as I am concerned, Ill say “Yes” to job

135、hopping. Nowadays the employment situation in China is very grave. Nobody can be sure to get a satisfactory job at their first attempt. The wisest thing is to get a job first. If you happen to like it, you keep it. Otherwise, job-hopping may be the only solution.模拟训练模拟训练5 P.202 To Be Civilized Touri

136、sts At present, with the improvement of peoples living standard, more and more people go out to travel. However, while tourists enjoy the beautiful scenery, they also destroy it. There are so many uncivilized behaviors, such as spitting, littering, and scribbling on walls and so on. Whether these be

137、haviors are intentional or not, they have had a harmful influence on our cities, even on our country. For one thing, visitors would not be willing to come to the spot again owing to others uncivil deeds, 模拟训练模拟训练6 P.214 which is a strike to the development of the local tourism. For another, some unc

138、ivil phenomena directly result in the damage to scenic spots that are of great value. To sum up, uncivilized behaviors have influenced the images of our cities and our country a lot. Therefore, it is high time we take some actions to stop those uncivilized behaviors. And every tourist should do his

139、or her best to protect scenic spots and try to be a civilized tourist.模拟训练模拟训练6 P.214 On a Harmonious Dormitory Life Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life. But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory will be disturbed in one way or another. For example, some members listen to music

140、late into the night and make those light sleepers restless. Worse still, the smell of some students socks is powerful enough to drive other members out of the room. As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members. On the one hand, we can

141、have a good rest and put our heart into study. On the other hand, we模拟训练模拟训练7 P.227 will have a good mood and enjoy being together. In contrast, an unharmonious life will be depressing and counterproductive. There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have

142、 to evaluate your life style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, youll just have to learn to tolerate each other and coexist. Thirdly, youll have to share with each other and make good friends. In conclusion, we should try our best

143、to build a harmonious dormitory atmosphere for the purpose of good study and good life in college.模拟训练模拟训练7 P.227 Stop Playing Truant Students playing truant is a growing phenomenon on campus. Unexcused absences from classes occur now and then among college students, which has a great negative impac

144、t on students, colleges, and the society. First, truants inevitably fall behind their peers academically, which may leads to their low self-esteem. Some of them may even drop out because they cannot catch up with other students. Second, low attendance may cause a drop in teaching quality, for teache

145、rs will only be less enthusiastic about teaching after finding that their classes are not popular. 模拟训练模拟训练8 P.240 As a result, all the college education suffers. Finally, those who play truant are actually taking up precious resources for college education while many others are denied the chance. T

146、he waste of educational resources is harmful to the whole society. Therefore, we college students should treasure our university days and never play truant. Only by hard work and full use of our time can we pay back our parents cultivation and our motherlands expectation.模拟训练模拟训练8 P.240 Your Help Ne

147、eded Dear fellow students, On behalf of the students union I am writing this letter to you to ask for your help. I am sorry to inform you that a student in Foreign Languages Department whose name is Liang Chen is seriously ill and whose life is in a critical state. He is suffering from a disease cal

148、led leukemia and needs an immediate operation, which will cost over 100,000 yuan. This is an astronomic figure for him, since Liang Chen is from a poor family in Guizhou Province and his parents have no way to raise the money. I hereby sincerely call on you, my dear fellow students, to extend your w

149、arm hands and heart to donate. It doesnt matter how much you can donate, it matters 模拟训练模拟训练9 P.253 how warmly you show your heat. Meanwhile, Liang Chens psychological state is unstable. He sometimes appears to lose hope for his treatment. Obviously he needs day care service and psychological help.

150、we need volunteers who dont have classes to do this work. To guarantee this work will run smoothly and effectively, we have established a temporary committee under the student union to receive all the donation. You can reach us either by telephone at 88856060, or send your email at C. All your gener

151、ous donations and help will be greatly appreciated.模拟训练模拟训练9 P.253 One Way to Reduce Air Pollution by Vehicles To deal with the air pollution caused by vehicles in cities is a challenging job. My suggestion is to produce vehicles powered by solar energy. Compared with mineral fuels such gasoline, so

152、lar energy is inexhaustible in supply. The growth of cities and increase of vehicles call for more supply of energy, but there is a limit to the reserve of oil. As a result, solar energy with its endless is its cleanliness. Traditional vehicles operating on gasoline give off the gas, 模拟训练模拟训练10 P.26

153、5 causing damage to human health and polluting the air. From the perspective of environmental protection solar energy is a much better alternative. After the new technology becomes economically feasible, the sky over cities will be brighter, and the air will no longer be a threat to our health. Because of the two benefits of using solar energy as a new fuel, we should spend more money on the research which can make our dream come true.模拟训练模拟训练10 P.265