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1、BrainstormingReferences 2005 by Charles YangGetting Ideas Before You Write阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一IntroductionGetting Started“Writers block” is a commonproblem to many students. This iswhen ideas for writing do not comevery easily. It is easy to get veryfrustra
2、ted when beginning to write.Brainstorming activities can helpyou get ideas for your essay andhelp you become less frustrated.阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一 ClusteringBrainstorming Listing FreewritingThree Activities阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD
3、是痴呆最常见的原因之一BrainstormingClustering1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write that word in the center of your paper.2. Write down any sub-topics that are connected to that main topic. Draw arrows to the sub-topics from the main topic.San FranciscoChinatownFishermans WharfGolden Gate BridgeAlca
4、trazMuseumsTransportation ClusteringClustering ListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一BrainstormingClustering3. If you have new ideas, connect those words to the appropriate sub-topic.San FranciscoChinatownFishermans WharfAlcatrazMuseumsTra
5、nsportationGolden Gate BridgeAmerican LegionModern Art MuseumAsian Art MuseumClam Chowder Ships boats Cable CarBusBARTRestaurants StoresTheaters Old Military Prison Civilian Prison 1934-1963Famous Prisoners Completed 1937 Scenic View ClusteringClustering ListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年
6、性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一ClusteringExample #1Favorite RoomQuietBedroomBig ClosetComfortable FurnitureWindowsSunnyView of SkyView of TreesSoft BedRocking ChairYellowGood-Sized ClusteringClustering ListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重
7、，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一ClusteringExample #2My MotherLiked SportsVery ReligiousA LeaderIntelligentHard WorkerHousewifeWaitressCleaned HousesRead many booksHad many different interestsWent to churchTaught Sunday SchoolGave to charityAfter-School Club CoordinatorPresident of PTAVolleyballSoccer Cluste
8、ringClustering ListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一BrainstormingListing1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write that word or words at the top of your paper.Why I Want to Become a Nurse ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewriti
9、ngFreewriting2. Write down any word or phrase that might relate to your main topic underneath. Dont worry about spelling or grammar. Your goal is to write down as many ideas as quickly as possible.阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一BrainstormingListingWhy I Want to Become
10、 a NurseLike scienceLike problem solvingMany jobs available in nursingGood salaryLike working in a hospitalWant to help other peopleChallenging jobOpportunities for promotionInterested in study of diseasesInterested in study of human bodyFlexible hoursWill always learn something new ClusteringCluste
11、ringListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一ListingExample #1How to be a SuccessfulLanguage LearnerPractice speaking with othersTake classesGuess at the meanings of wordsListen to radio or TVObserve othersSet reasonable goalsDont be afraid t
12、o experimentStudy vocabulary in related topicsAsk others to correct youLook for patterns in your errorsOrganize your study timeUse special techniques to remember new wordsAsk for help when you dont understandReview material regularlyUse a dictionaryChoose a good textbook ClusteringClusteringListingL
13、istingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一ListingExample #2CambodiaMajor Cities: Battambang, Phnom PenhAngkor WatBorders Vietnam, Laos, ThailandMekong and Tonle Sap RiversOnce a French colonyTuol Sleng PrisonAgriculture: rice, rubber, fish, timberCamb
14、odian writing: originally from IndiaArtful dancesTheravada BuddhismKing SihanoukPol Pot/Khmer RougeWeather: hot and rainyMinority Groups: Cham, Pear, BraoLand minesEducation ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一Brainst
15、ormingFreewriting1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write that word or words at the top of your paper.2. Freewriting is like talking to yourself on paper. Write as much as you can in connected sentences (not lists) about your topic. Write as quickly as you can without stopping to think abou
16、t grammar or organization. ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewritingFreewritingMy Favorite Book阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一BrainstormingFreewritingMy Favorite Book My favorite book I dont know where to start. I read so many books that are interesting that its h
17、ard to choose just one. I guess I could start by talking about the kinds of books I really like. I like biographies and autobiographies the best. I really enjoy reading about another persons life. One of my favorite books is called Roots by Alex Haley. How the author was able to trace his family his
18、tory all the way back to Africa was amazing! Another book I really enjoyed was Carl Sandburgs biography of Abraham Lincoln. What an incredible president! There are also some very interesting books about leaders like Napoleon, Churchill, and Stalin. Well, I guess that gives me a few ideas about where
19、 I can start on my topic. ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一FreewritingExample #1A Problem I Have I have of course many problems in my life like everybody has, but right now I am feeling new problems like the cultur
20、al shock. I got out of my country and came to study in the U.S.A. One of the biggest problems is to make friends, to make or have the good old friends I have back home. Its so hard here- you dont know how to act, whether you should ask them their telephone number or wait for them to do it, whether y
21、ou should call them very often or not. Are they bothered by my language problem? Can they not carry on a conversation with me because they always talk about local or national subjects about which I am not informed? This is really hard and sometimes makes me feel like a stranger in a group where ever
22、ybody is laughing and talking and they supposedly were my friends.(Spack, R., 1996) ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一FreewritingExample #2Things I Brought to the U.S. I have been living in the U.S.A. for about four
23、 years. When I cam here, I brought with me a few books, my favorite T-shirts, and a little hand-made pillow from my mother. Among some of the books I brought with me is one called The Little Prince. It is a very interesting book. Every time I read it, I find new and different ideas that I can practi
24、ce in my life. Some of my favorite T-Shirts are souvenirs from places which I had visited in Colombia where I come from and they remind me of the good times I had. The little handmade pillow from my mother is a small cotton square, with five lines around it and my Christian name on it. Sometimes whe
25、n I have difficulties in my courses, I look at it asking for help like my mother used to give me when I was living at home. And what I left behind was a happy family life, my good friends, and a pretty city in the north of Colombia near the Atlantic Ocean, where it is always sunny and windy. (Raimes
26、, 1987) ClusteringClusteringListingListingFreewritingFreewriting阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一Practice ExerciseNow you are ready to practice what youve learned. Click onthe button to return to Unit A. Print and complete the PracticeExercise.阿尔茨海默病是老年性痴呆中的一种类型，属于皮质变性痴
27、呆，起病浅隐、缓慢渐进加重，是一种不可逆性痴呆。AD是痴呆最常见的原因之一ReferencesnPowerPoint Presentation by Ruth Luman: Modesto Junior College.nRaimes, A. (1987). Exploring Through Writing: A Process Approach to ESL Composition. New York: St. Martins Press.nSpack, R. (1996). Guidelines: A Cross-CulturalReading/Writing Text. New York: St. Martins Press.nThis project incorporates portions of copyrighted works. These items are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the educational fair use guidelines. They are restricted from further use.
