2022年同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷13测

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1、2022年同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）单位：姓名：考号：一题号1 单选题1 多项选择1 判断题1 综合题 |分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1. Passage Four It was 1985, and Rafe Esqu i th was beginning his th i rd year of teaching in Los Angeles pub I ic schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders

2、 from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, he decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five fami I ies agreed to let their children play Macbeth for two hours after schoo I. This proved to be so much fun that,

3、within weeks, Esqu i th had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before. But when Esqu i th asked a schoo I di st r i ct supervisor for off i c i a I approval, he received this note: Mr. Esquith, it is not

4、 appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did so叩thingwith the children that is academic. It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity school administration got in Esquithsway. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tal I cyclone has proved that a

5、teacher who thinks very big-much harder lessons, larger projects, extra class time-飞;anhelp disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine. This was di ff i cu It at first, unt i I he stumb I ed upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American chi I dren, even tho

6、se from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquiths view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who think hard I es sons are bad for kids from I ow-income homes. When faced with something difficult, suchstudents dont know what to do. The Dec I a ration of Independen

7、ce says Americans are ent it I ed to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in pub I i c schoo I i ng has been on the happiness, he be I i eves. What happened to pursuit Esqu i th said. So he has created an entirely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the s I ogan, There Are No

8、Shortcuts. As for their own dramatic performances, Esqu i th got around the orig i na I ban on his after-school Macbeth rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wi Iders Our Town. When that class finally performed the Shakespeare play, a school district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district adm

9、inistrator ca邮upafterward and shook his hand. Rare, she said, Ive never seen Shakespeare done better. At f irst, Esquiths Shakespeare-teaching_. A. won the support of the school authority B. got lukewarm response from the school authority C. were not allowed by the school aut hority D. did not draw

10、attention from the school authority 2. Di rect ions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is fo I I owed by six questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D . Passage One Itsnot just your imagination. In cities from coast to coast, the u

11、se of Spanish is booming, and is proliferating in ways no other language has before in the U.S. historyother than Eng I i sh of course. Its this sort of environment that is a cause for concern for many. Mauro Mujica heads a group called U. S. English, which lobbies for official English laws across t

12、he country. Hes concerned that with so many Spanish speakers entering the country, the U.S. w i 11 become a nation sp I it by I anguage, much I i ke Canada. Now were beginning to divide ourselves, to split along linguistic I ines. Were beginning to see pockets of people who speak other languages and

13、 no English whatsoever. His fear is hardly universal. Gregory Rodriguez is a fellow with the New America Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank based i n Wash i ngton, D.C. He cal Is Mujicas arguments ridiculous. This process of immigrant enclaves（少数民族聚集地）andI i ngu i st i c enc I aves is an age-o Id

14、 American process. Weve a 11 heard the quotes from Benjamin Frankl in about his concerns that German- Americans would never ass i mi I ate. These concerns are as o Id as the American repub I i c. Rodriguez argues that the current boom in the use of Spanish is due ahnost entire I y to new immigrants,

15、 and that the i r chi I dren w i 11, at I east for the most part, I earn Eng I i sh. He points to 1990 census data, which indicates that by the third generation, two-thirds of a 11 Hispanic children speak English exclusively. Whether that number is going up or down wi 11 be difficult to determine si

16、nce the Census Bureau didnt track that information in its most recent census. But there may be at least one piece of anecdotal evidence. Spanish-I anguage movie theaters once f I our i shed in the Los Ange I es area. There were dozens of these theaters just fifteen years ago. Today there are on I y

17、seven. There is a myth that somehow inrnigrants come to the most powerful nation in the world simply to resist its cultural embrace, says Rodriguez. But it is a myth. lnrnigrant enclaves are, of course, conrnon throughout American History. German and Po I i sh enc I aves were conmon throughout the M

18、idwest. The I ta I i ans f I our i shed in New York. But those I anguages I arge I y faded from use in the U.S. Few are predicting that wi 11 happen with Spanish. It s here to stay, a I though we wont know its u It imate impact for generations. It is imp I ied in the passage that _. A. it is too ear

19、ly to decide on the impact of t he use of Spanish B. Spanish may fade from use in the U. S., 1 ike other languages C. Spanish- speaking irrunigrants are more active in society D. the spread of Spanish is similar to that of other languages 3. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passag

20、e with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes

21、 are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while driving. (64) laws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) t

22、o many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40

23、pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adu It safety st rap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at

24、 I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wil I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id;

25、in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (7 4) the neck of the ch i Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. improperly B. imposingly

26、 C. impartially D. imperatively 4.Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which reported big sales increases over last years holiday season. It was cons i derab I y I ess cheery at Wa I-Mart and other lowpriced chains. We don t know the f i na I sa I es figures yet

27、, but its c I ear that high-end stores did very wel I, while stores catering to middle-and low-income fami I ies achieved on I y modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to specu I ate that the economic recovery is an exclusive party, and most people werent invited. You d be right. C

28、ommerce Department figures reveal a start I ing disconnect between overal I economic growth and the incomes of a great majority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D . P. rose at an annual rate of 8. 2%. But wage and salary income, adjusted for inflation, rose at an annual rate of only 0.8%

29、. Why arent workers sharing in the so-cal led boom Start with jobs. Employment began rising in August, but the pace of job growth remains modest, averaging I ess than 90 000 per month. But if the number of jobs i snt rising much, arent workers at I east earning more You may have thought so. After a

30、11, companies have been ab I e to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per worker. Historically, higher productivity has translated into rising wages. But not this time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers have fe It no pressure to share productivity

31、gains. Ca I cu I at ions by the Economic Pol icy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or fal I ing even as the economy expands. So whos benefiting from the economys expansion The direct gains are going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, that means that gains are going to the big st

32、ockholders, who are the ultimate owners of corporate profits. For most Americans, cur rent economic growth is something interesting, that is, however, happening to other peop I e. This may change if serious job creation ever kicks in, but it hasnt so far. The big question is whether a recovery that

33、does so I i tt I e for most Americans can rea I I y be sustained. Can an economy thr ive on sales of luxury goods alone We may soon find out. According to the passage, current economic growth A. has greatly improved people s living standards B. has benefited only a limited number of people C. has cr

34、eated enormous employment opportunities D. has caused t he serious problem of inflation 5.Passage Two Wh i I e the co I I ege campus may be the perfect forum in which to exhibit your taste for the I ate st in fashion sty I e, the interview i s not the p I ace to do so. W i th very few unu sua I exce

35、pt i ons, sand a I s and sweat sh i rt s are out. Oxfords and business suits are sti 11 in. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews stil I follow the conservative standard. Dont buck the trend. Unfortunately, most college grads are underprepared with prope

36、r interview dress. They feel they can get by with what is already in their wardrobe. Usua I I y not. Remember that sty I i sh is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes. This is not to say that you need to go out and buy a who le new wardrobe. Go for qua I i ty over quant

37、ity. One or two we I I-chosen business suits w i 11 serve you a 11 the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, when you are making some money, you can begin to round out your wardrobe. For now, no one w i 11 fau It you for wearing the san记sharpoutfit each time you interview. If you are st

38、i I I not sure how to dress for the interview, ca I I them and ask! But this is one ti me when you do not want to ca I I the Hi r i ng Manager 一instead,ask to be put through to Human Resources. Sure, you run the risk of someone in HR thinking you are a social idiot, but thats a lot better than havin

39、g the Hiring Manager distracted by inappropriate interview dress. Wh i I e many work environments have shifted to business casua I as the work standard, business suits are st i 11 the interview standard. When in doubt, it is almost always better to err on the side of conservatism. One final note on

40、interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview elothes should be neat and clean, very few interviewees give the same ti me and attention to their shoes. Shoes Yes, shoes. I am aware of at least one Corporate Recruiter who forms first impressions based so I e I y on shoes. He subje

41、ctive I y judges that those who pay attention to deta i Is I i ke the i r shoes are a I so I i ke I y to be di I i gent in the i r work I ife. And it is not just that persons opinion. So it is not enough to be elean, pressed, and ironed. Make sure your shoes are conservative, clean, and po Ii shed.

42、The author suggests that the attention paid to shoes_. A. reflects the personal judgment of only a few interviewers B. is based on a rather funny judgment linking shoes to work C. should be a point to consider in preparing for interviews D. has helped many people on their way to a successful career

43、6.Passage Three Musicians are fascinated with the possibi I ity that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem a 11 the more essent i a I. Over the past few years no I ess a bo Id mus i ca I exp I orer than Peter Gabri e I has been getting involved. At the Research Center in

44、 Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanz i, one of the bonobo apes（倭黑猩猩）involvedin the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh. I have seen the video of Kanz i pi ck i ng notes out on a pi ano-1 i ke keyboard, with Gabri e I and members of his ba

45、nd p I ay i ng inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously-interspecies corrmunication is not without its dangers. ) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new mach i ne and I ook i ng thoughtfu I I y p I e

46、ased with what con论sout. He appears to be I istening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the an i ma I groping for something from the human wor Id but remaining i so I ated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Mo

47、nkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this. What is the scientific va I ue of such a jam session The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and an ima I. Why not try the fert i I e and mysterious grou

48、nd of music in addition to the more testab I e arena of s imp I e I anguage The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we dont fu I I y under stand it, we can eas i I y have access to it. We dont need to explain its workings to be touched

49、 by it. Two musicians who dont speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own. Music needs no exp I anat ion, but it c I ear I y expresses something deep and important, something humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds

50、of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music A. Controllable. B. Explainable. C. Accessible. D. Testable. 7.Passage Four It was 1985, and Rafe Esqu i th was beginning his th

51、 i rd year of teaching in Los Angeles pub I ic schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, he decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five fami I ies agreed to let t

52、heir chi I dren play Macbeth for two hours after schoo I. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esqu i th had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before. But when Esqu i th asked a schoo I di

53、st r i ct supervisor for off i c i a I approval, he received this note: Mr. Esquith, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did so叩thingwith the children that is academic. It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity scho

54、ol administration got in Esquithsway. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tal I cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very bigmuch harder I es sons, larger projects, extra class time-can help disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine. This was di ff i cu It at first, unt i I he stumb I

55、ed upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American children, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquiths view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who think hard I es sons are bad for kids from I ow-income homes. When faced

56、with something difficult, suchstudents dont know what to do. The Dec I a ration of Independence says Americans are ent it I ed to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in pub I i c schoo I i ng has been on the happiness, he believes. What happened to pursuit Esquith said. So he has created an e

57、ntirely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the s I ogan, There Are No Shortcuts. As for their own dramatic performances, Esqu i th got around the orig i na I ban on his after-school Macbeth rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wi Iders II Our Town. 11 When that class finally perform

58、ed the Shakespeare p I ay, a schoo I district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterward and shook his hand. Rare, 11 she said, 11 Ive never seen Shakespeare done better. It is imp I ied that most educators _. A. fail to realize t he potential of disadvantaged st

59、udents B. fail to introduce fun into the learning of disadvantaged students C. are unaware of the difficulty faced by disadvantaged students D. are reluctant to admit that disadvantaged students are unfairly treated a.Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which r

60、eported big sales increases over last years holiday season. It was cons i derab I y I ess cheery at Wa I-Mart and other I owpr iced chains. We don t know the final sales figures yet, but its clear that high-end stores did very wel I, while stores catering to middle-and low-income fami I ies achieved

61、 on I y modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to specu I ate that the economic recovery is an exclusive party, and most people werent invited. You d be right. Conmerce Department figures reveal a start I ing disconnect between overal I economic growth and the incomes of a great ma

62、jority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D . P. rose at an annual rate of 8. 2%. But wage and salary income, adjusted for inflation, rose at an annual rate of only 0.8%. Why arent workers sharing in the so-cal led boom Start with jobs. E叩Ioyment began rising in August, but the pace of job

63、growth remains modest, averaging I ess than 90 000 per month. But if the number of jobs i snt rising much, arent workers at I east earning more You may have thought so. After a I I, companies have been ab I e to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per wor

64、ker. Historically, higher productivity has translated into rising wages. But not this time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers have fe It no pressure to share productivity gains. Ca I cu I at ions by the Economic Pol icy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or fal I ing even as the

65、economy expands. So whos benefiting from the economys expansion The direct gains are going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, that means that gains are going to the big stockholders, who are the ultimate owners of corporate profits. For most Americans, cur rent economic growth is something in

66、teresting, that is, however, happening to other peop I e. This may change if serious job creation ever kicks in, but it hasnt so far. The big question is whether a recovery that does so I i tt I e for most Amer i cans can rea I I y be sustained. Can an economy thrive on sales of luxury goods alone W

67、e may soon find out. Based on past experiences, with rising productivity workerswages wou Id A. be on the rise B. be on the decline C. remain relatively unchanged D. fluctuate with inflation 9. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four

68、choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50 of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children

69、 are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. T

70、he safest p I ace for a 11 chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例

71、椅）”(67) i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air b

72、ags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (7 4) t

73、he neck of the chi Id, caus i ng serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. taps B. t ips C. tides D. tapes 10.Passage Two Wh i I e the co I I e

74、ge campus may be the perfect forum in which to exhibit your taste for the I ate st in fashion sty I e, the interview is not the p I ace to do so. With very few unusua I exceptions, sanda Is and sweatsh i rts are out. Oxfords and business suits are st i I I in. Even though many companies have re I ax

75、ed the i nterna I company dress code, interviews st i I I fo I I ow the conservative standard. Dont buck the trend. Unfortunately, most college grads are underprepared with proper interview dress. They feel they can get by with what is already in their wardrobe. Usua I I y not. Remember that sty I i

76、 sh is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes. This is not to say that you need to go out and buy a whole new wardrobe. Go for qua I i ty over quantity. One or two we I I-chosen business suits w i 11 serve you a 11 the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, wh

77、en you are making some money, you can begin to round out your wardrobe. For now, no one w i 11 fau It you for wearing the same sharp outfit each ti me you interview. If you are st i I I not sure how to dress for the interview, ca 11 them and ask! But this is one ti me when you do not want to ca I I

78、the Hi ring Manager 一instead,ask to be put through to Human Resources. Sure, you run the risk of someone in HR thinking you are a social idiot, but thats a lot better than having the Hiring Manager distracted by inappropriate interview dress. Wh i I e many work environments have shifted to business

79、casua I as the work standard, business suits are st i 11 the interview standard. When in doubt, it is almost always better to err on the side of conservatism. One final note on interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview elothes should be neat and clean, very few interviewees g

80、ive the same ti me and attention to their shoes. Shoes Yes, shoes. I am aware of at least one Corporate Recruiter who forms first impressions based solely on shoes. He subjectively judges that those who pay attention to deta i Is I i ke their shoes are a I so I i ke I y to be di I i gent in their wo

81、rk I ife. And it is not just that persons opinion. So it is not enough to be elean, pressed, and ironed. Make sure your shoes are conservative, c I ean, and po I i shed. The passage is mainly written to A. introduce the whole interview process to newcomers B. discuss the interview preparations in te

82、rms of clothing C. recommend the latest fashion in the business world D. analyze the difference between college and office wear 11.Passage Three Musicians are fascinated with the possibi I ity that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem a 11 the more essent i a I. Over th

83、e past few years no I ess a bo Id mus i ca I exp I orer than Peter Gabri e I has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanz i, one of the bonobo apes（倭黑猩猩）involvedin the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage

84、-Rumbaugh. I have seen the video of Kanz i pi ck i ng notes out on a pi ano-1 i ke keyboard, with Gabr i e I and members of his band p I ay i ng inside the observation booth i n the I ab. (They d id it th i s way because Kanz i had bitten one of h i s trainers a few days previously-interspecies comn

85、unication is not without its dangers. ) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be I istening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the an i ma I groping for something from the human wor Id but rem

86、aining i so I ated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this. What is the scientific va I ue of such a jam session The business of the Re

87、search Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testab I e arena of s imp I e I anguage The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, tho

88、ugh we dont fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We dont need to explain its workings to be touched by it. Two musicians who dont speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own. Music needs no exp I anat ion, but it c

89、I ear I y expresses something deep and important, something humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us. The author seems to suggest that_. A. music should replace language as the major a

90、rena of animal research B. animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhuman C. great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communication D. the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals 12. Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is f

91、o 11 owed by six questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage One Itsnot just your imagination. In cities from coast to coast, the use of Spanish is booming, and is proliferating in ways no other language has before in the U.S. history一oth

92、erthan Eng I i sh of course. Its this sort of environment that is a cause for concern for many. Mauro Mujica heads a group called U. S. English, which lobbies for official English laws across the country. Hes concerned that with so many Spanish speakers entering the country, the U.S. wi 11 become a

93、nation sp I it by I anguage, much I i ke Canada. Now were beginning to divide ourselves, to split along linguistic I i nes. Were beginning to see pockets of peop I e who speak other I anguages and no English whatsoever. His fear is hardly universal. Gregory Rodriguez is a fellow with the New America

94、 Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank based i n Wash i ngton, D.C. He cal Is Mujicas arguments ridiculous. This process of immigrant enclaves（少数民族聚集地）andI i ngu i st i c enclaves is an age-old American process. Weveal I heard the quotes from Benjamin Frankl in about his concerns that German- Americ

95、ans would never assimilate. These concerns are as old as the American republic. Rodriguez argues that the current boom in the use of Spanish is due ahnost entirely to new immigrants, and that their children wi 11, at least for the most part, I earn Eng I i sh. He points to 1990 census data, which in

96、dicates that by the third generation, two-thirds of a 11 Hispanic chi I dren speak Eng I i sh exc I us i ve I y. Whether that number is going up or down wi 11 be difficult to determine since the Census Bureau didnt track that information in its most recent census. But there may be at least one piece

97、 of anecdotal evidence. Spanish-I anguage movie theaters once f I our i shed in the Los Ange I es area. There were dozens of these theaters just fifteen years ago. Today there are on I y seven. There is a myth that somehow immigrants come to the most powerful nation in the world simply to resist its

98、 cultural embrace, says Rodriguez. But it is a myth. Immigrant enclaves are, of course, common throughout American History. German and Polish enclaves were common throughout the Midwest. The Italians flourished in New York. But those languages largely faded from use in the U.S. Few are predicting th

99、at wi II happen with Spanish. It s here to stay, a I though we wont know its ultimate impact for generations. The best titl e for the passage is A. Make English Our Official Language B. Immigrants and Their Languages C. Communication Problem with Immigrants D. The Spanish Language in the U.S. 13.Pas

100、sage Four It was 1985, and Rafe Esqu i th was beginning his th i rd year of teaching in Los Ange I es pub I i c schoo Is. He faced a c I ass of 40 sixth-graders from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, h

101、e decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five fami I ies agreed to let their chi I dren play Macbeth for two hours after schoo I. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esqu i th had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words

102、 they had never heard before. But when Esqu i th asked a schoo I di st r i ct supervisor for off i c i a I approva I, he received this note: Mr. Esqu i th, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did something with the children that is academi

103、c. It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity school administration got in Esquithsway. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tal I cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very big-much harder lessons, larger projects, extra class time-can help disadvantaged children in ways most educa

104、tors never imagine. This was di ff i cu It at first, unt i I he stumb I ed upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American children, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquiths view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who t

105、hink hard I es sons are bad for kids from I ow-income homes. When faced with something difficult, suchstudents dont know what to do. The Dec I a ration of Independence says Americans are ent it I ed to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in pub I i c schoo I i ng has been on the happiness, he

106、 believes. What happened to pursuit Esquith said. So he has created an entirely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the s I ogan, There Are No Shortcuts. As for their own dramatic performances, Esquith got around the original ban on his after-school Macbeth rehearsals by switching t

107、o Thornton Wi Iders Our Town. When that class finally performed the Shakespeare p I ay, a schoo I district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterward and shook his hand. Rare, she said, Ive never seen Shakespeare done better. Esquiths principle of teaching is dif

108、ferent from the general one in that A. he dismisses the concept of extra homework for students B. he pays less attention to studentsacademic performances C. he insists on giving harder lessons to more advanced students D. he places greater emphasis on hard work in studentslearning 14. Part IV Cloze

109、Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA

110、: (61) 50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while dr iv i ng. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, th

111、ese guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds m

112、ay be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”(67) i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit

113、 in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoul

114、der belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (7 4) the neck of the chi Id, caus i ng serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn

115、t used correct I y. A. However B. Therefore C. Al t hough D. Whereas 15.Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which reported big sales increases over last years holiday season. It was cons i derab I y I ess cheery at Wa I-Mart and other I owpr iced chains. We don

116、 t know the final sales figures yet, but its clear that high-end stores did very wel I, while stores catering to middle-and low-income fami I ies achieved on I y modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to specu I ate that the economic recovery is an exc I us i ve party, and most peo

117、p I e werent invited. You d be right. Conmerce Department figures reveal a start I ing disconnect between overal I economic growth and the incomes of a great majority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D. P. rose at an annual rate of 8. 2%. But wage and sa I ary i neon论，adjustedfor inflatio

118、n, rose at an annual rate of only 0. 8%. Why arent workers sharing in the so-cal led boom Start with jobs. E叨loyment began rising in August, but the pace of job growth remains modest, averaging I ess than 90 000 per month. But if the number of jobs i snt rising much, arent workers at I east earning

119、more You may have thought so. After a 11, companies have been ab I e to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per worker. Hi stor ica 11 y, higher productivity has trans lated into rising wages. But not this time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers ha

120、ve fe It no pressure to share productivity gains. Ca I cu I at ions by the Economic Pol icy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or fal I ing even as the economy expands. So whos benefiting from the economys expansion The direct gains are going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, th

121、at means that gains are going to the big stockholders, who are the ultimate owners of corporate profits. For most Americans, cur rent economic growth is something interesting, that is, however, happening to other peop I e. This may change if serious job creation ever kicks in, but it hasnt so far. T

122、he big question is whether a recovery that does so I i tt I e for most Americans can rea I I y be sustained. Can an economy thrive on sales of luxury goods alone We may soon find out. According to the author, who has benefited most from the cur rent economic recovery A. Low-income fami lies. B. M id

123、dle-class fami lies. C. Upper-class families. D. Immigration families. 16.Passage Three Musicians are fascinated with the possibi I ity that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem a 11 the more essent i a I. Over the past few years no I ess a bo Id mus i ca I exp I orer t

124、han Peter Gabri e I has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanz i, one of the bonobo apes（倭黑猩猩）involvedin the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh. I have seen the video of Kanz i pi ck i ng not

125、es out on a pi ano-1 i ke keyboard, with Gabri e I and members of his band p I ay i ng inside the observation booth i n the I ab. (They d id it this way because Kanz i had bitten one of hi s trainers a few days previously-interspecies comnunication is not without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful

126、, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be I istening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the an i ma I groping for something from the human wor Id but remaining i so I ated from the rest of the band. It is a touching

127、 encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this. What is the scientific va I ue of such a jam session The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between

128、human and an i ma I. Why not try the fert i I e and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testab I e arena of s imp I e I anguage The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we dont fully understand it, we can easily have acce

129、ss to it. We dont need to explain its workings to be touched by it. Two musicians who dont speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own. Music needs no exp I anat ion, but it c I ear I y expresses something deep and important, someth

130、ing humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us. The best title for the passage could be A. MusicThe Essence of Nature B. MusicA Better Way to Enjoy Nature C. Musi cA New Frontier for Sci

131、entists D. MusicBeyond Nati onal and Cultural Boundary 17. Part IV Cloze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leadin

132、g cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driv

133、ing. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the ba

134、ekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”, (67) is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inch

135、es, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at least 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) pr

136、otection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. Acco

137、rding to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. taste B. stomach C. idea D. thought 18.Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which reported big sales increases over last years holiday season. It was cons i derab I y

138、 I ess cheery at Wa I-Mart and other lowpriced chains. We don t know the final sales figures yet, but its clear that high-end stores did very we 11, wh i I e stores catering to middle-and low-income fami Ii es achieved on I y modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to specu I ate th

139、at the economic recovery is an exclusive party, and most people werent invited. You d be right. Commerce Department figures reveal a startling disconnect between overal I economic growth and the incomes of a great majority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D. P. rose at an annual rate of 8

140、. 2% . But wage and salary income, adjusted for inflation, rose at an annual rate of only 0.8%. Why arent workers sharing in the so-cal led boom Start with jobs. E叩Ioyment began rising in August, but the pace of job growth remains modest, averaging I ess than 90 000 per month. But if the number of j

141、obs i snt rising much, arent workers at I east earning more You may have thought so. After a I I, companies have been ab I e to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per worker. Historically, higher productivity has translated into rising wages. But not thi

142、s time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers have f e It no pressure to share productivity gains. Ca I cu I at ions by the Economic Pol icy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or fal I ing even as the economy expands. So whos benefiting from the economys expansion The direct gains ar

143、e going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, that means that gains are going to the big stockholders, who are the ultimate owners of corporate profits. For most Americans, current economic growth is something interesting, that is, however, happening to other peop I e. This may change if serious

144、 job creation ever kicks in, but it hasnt so far. The big question is whether a recovery that does so I i tt I e for most Amer i cans can rea I I y be sustained. Can an economy thrive on sales of luxury goods alone We may soon find out. The author seems to indicate that A. current economic recovery

145、is likely to endure for a long time B. luxury goods alone can promote an economie recovery C. current economic boom is most strongly felt by the customers D. the job market has yet to show promising signs of improvement 19.Passage Four It was 1985, and Rafe Esqu i th was beginning his th i rd year o

146、f teaching in Los Angeles pub I ic schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, he decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five fami I ies agreed to let their chi I d

147、ren play Macbeth for two hours after schoo I. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esqu i th had 28 kids happ i I y soaking up the drama of b I ood and betraya I in med i eva I Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before. But when Esqu i th asked a schoo I di st

148、r i ct supervisor for off i c i a I approva I, he received this note: Mr. Esqu i th, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did something with the children that is academic. It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity sc

149、hool administration got in Esquithsway. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tal I cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very bigmuch harder I es sons, larger projects, extra class time-can help disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine. This was di ff i cu It at first, unt i I he stumb

150、I ed upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American chi I dren, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquiths view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who think hard I essons are bad for kids from I ow-income homes. When fac

151、ed with something difficult, suchstudents dont know what to do. The Dec I a ration of Independence says Americans are ent it I ed to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in public schooling has been on the happiness, he believes. What happened to pursuit Esquith said. So he has created an enti

152、rely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the s I ogan, There Are No Shortcuts. As for their own dramatic performances, Esqu i th got around the orig i na I ban on his after-school Macbeth rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wi Iders II Our Town. 11 When that class finally performed

153、the Shakespeare p I ay, a schoo I district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterward and shook his hand. 11Rare, she said, 11 Ive never seen Shakespeare done better. It can be learned ftom the last paragraph that_. A. Esquith was duly rewarded by the school B. t

154、he school accepted Esquithsway of teaching C. what Esquith had done should be continued D. the idea behind Esquith s teaching was innovative 20.Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which reported big sales increases over last years holiday season. It was cons i

155、derab I y I ess cheery at Wa I-Mart and other lowpriced chains. We don t know the final sales figures yet, but its clear that high-end stores did very wel I, while stores catering to middle-and low-income fami I ies achieved on I y modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to specu I

156、ate that the economic recovery is an exclusive party, and most people werent invited. You d be right. Commerce Department figures reveal a start I ing disconnect between overal I economic growth and the incomes of a great majority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D . P. rose at an annual

157、rate of 8. 2%. But wage and sa I ary income, adjusted for i nfl at ion, rose at an annual rate of only 0. 8%. Why arent workers sharing in the so-cal led boom Start with jobs. E吓I oyment began rising in August, but the pace of job growth remains modest, averaging I ess than 90 000 per month. But if

158、the number of jobs i snt rising much, arent workers at I east earning more You may have thought so. After a I I, companies have been ab I e to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per worker. Historically, higher productivity has translated into rising wag

159、es. But not this time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers have fe It no pressure to share productivity gains. Ca I cu I at ions by the Economic Pol icy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or fal I ing even as the economy expands. So whos benefiting from the economys expansion The d

160、irect gains are going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, that means that gains are going to the big stockho I ders, who are the u It imate owners of corporate profits. For most Arner i cans, cur rent economic growth is something interesting, that is, however, happening to other peop I e. This

161、 may change if ser i ous job creation ever kicks in, but it hasnt so far. The big question is whether a recovery that does so I i tt I e for most Amer i cans can rea I I y be sustained. Can an economy thrive on sales of luxury goods alone We may soon f i nd out. Which of the fol lowing best describe

162、s the authors understanding of the economic recovery A. Questionable boom. B. Sustainable growth. C. Great turningpoint. D. N o way out for us. 21. Part IV Cloze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the

163、 U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a numbe

164、r of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in t

165、he back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)i is secured by one of the cars I ap

166、and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at least 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dr

167、en and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72) . Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (7 4) the neck of the chi Id, caus i ng serious inju

168、ry or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. at most B. at best C. at last D. at least 22.Passage Four It was 1985, and Rafe Esqu i th was beginning his th i

169、rd year of teaching in Los Angeles pub I ic schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders from low-incon曰homeswhere English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, he decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five fami I ies agreed to let their

170、chi I dren play Macbeth for two hours after schoo I. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esqu i th had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before. But when Esqu i th asked a schoo I di st r

171、i ct supervisor for off i c i a I approva I, he received this note: Mr. Esqu i th, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did so汜thingwith the children that is academic. It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity school

172、 administration got in Esquithsway. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tal I cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very bigmuch harder I es sons, larger projects, extra class time-can help disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine. This was di ff i cu It at first, unt i I he stumb I ed

173、 upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American chi I dren, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquiths view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who think hard I es sons are bad for kids from I ow-income homes. When faced

174、with something difficult, suchstudents dont know what to do. The Dec I a ration of Independence says Americans are ent it I ed to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in pub I ic schooling has been on the happiness, he believes. What happened to pursuit Esquith said. So he has created an entir

175、ely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the s I ogan, There Are No Shortcuts. As for their own dramatic performances, Esquith got around the original ban on his after-school Macbeth rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wi Iders II Our Town. 11 When that class finally performed the Sh

176、akespeare p I ay, a schoo I district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterward and shook his hand. 11Rare, she said, 11 Ive never seen Shakespeare done better. What is the main idea of the passage A. An innovative teacher makes changes in the students. B. An opt

177、imistic teacher help build confidence of the students. C. An inspiring teacher wins the love and respect of his students. D. An experienced teacher contributes to the school and the students. 23. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are fou

178、r choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 child

179、ren are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while driving. (64) laws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide Ii nes may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The

180、safest p I ace for a 11 chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”

181、(67) i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags

182、 can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi 11 not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the belt may (74) the nec

183、k of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. where B. which C. that D. when 24. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part,

184、there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of children who

185、 die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may ser

186、ve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forwar

187、d-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger se

188、at (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 prote

189、ct a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (7 4) the neck of the chi Id, caus i ng serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your ch i I d i f i t i sn t used correct I y. A

190、. size B. weight C. height D. build 25. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death a

191、mong children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while driving. (64) laws vary from

192、country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi I

193、d (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin usi

194、ng an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at least 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a I ap be It a I one w i I I not provide (71) protection if the booster

195、 seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even th

196、esafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it i sn t used correct I y. A. unti l B. till C. when D. while 26. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safet

197、y Administration (NHTSA). car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for t

198、hose who are accompanied by children while dr iv i ng. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of children. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I ac

199、ed in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”(67) i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 8

200、0 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is

201、used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72) . Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions

202、c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. hurts B. wounds C. injuries D. cuts 27. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices

203、mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are

204、(62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The sa

205、fest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，

206、（67)is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adu It safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags c

207、an cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72) . Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (74) the ne

208、ck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. sufficient B. supportive C. surplus D. supreme 28. Part IV CI oze Direction

209、s: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50

210、% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these gui

211、de I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be p

212、laced in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the

213、 front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi 11 not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt

214、 alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the be It may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it i sn t used cor

215、rect I y. A. shelf B. shield C. shuttle D. shell 29. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cau

216、se of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while driving. (64)

217、laws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of children. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the

218、 car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)i is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id

219、 may begin using an adult safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a I ap be It a I one w i I I not provide (71) protection

220、 if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the belt may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to

221、NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your ch i I d i f i t i sn t used correct I y. A. affair B. business C. event D. matter 30. Part IV CI oze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D . According to the U. S. Natio

222、nal Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety

223、(63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I i nes may serve as food for (65) to many parents and guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a I I chi I dren is in the back sea

224、t. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id can use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”，（67)is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider

225、 belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adu It safety strap. Children should not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at least 13 years of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babie

226、s. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of a crash, the belt may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death.

227、 Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it isn t used correct I y. A. cut off B. cut across C. cut down D. cut in 31. Part IV Cloze Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For eac

228、h blank there are four choices mrarked A, B, C and D. According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: (61) 50% of chi Id ren who die in crashes are unrestrained. In add

229、ition, 4 out of 5 children are (62) restrained. The NHTSA offers a number of safety (63) and cautions for those who are accompanied by chi I dren wh i I e driving. (64) I aws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guide I ines may serve as food for (65) to many parents and

230、guardians of chi I dren. The safest p I ace for a 11 chi I dren is in the back seat. Infants shou Id be p I aced in a rear-facing chi Id safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A chi Id (66) a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the chi Id c

231、an use a booster seat（儿童案例椅）”, (67) is secured by one of the cars I ap and shou Ider belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a (68) of about four feet nine inches, the chi Id may begin using an adu It safety strap. Chi I dren shou Id not sit in the front passenger seat (69) they are at I east 13 years

232、 of age. Front-passenger air bags can cause serious (70) to younger chi I dren and babies. When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone wi I I not provide (71) protection if the booster seat does not have a (72). Do not think that a shoulder belt alone wi 11 protect a smal I chi Id; in the (73) of

233、a crash, the be It may (74) the neck of the chi Id, causing serious injury or even death. Fo I I ow instructions c I ose I y when (75) and using chi Id seats. According to NHTSA, even thesafestseat may not protect your chi Id if it i sn t used correct I y. A. fixing B. striping C. installing D. fitt

234、ing 32. Man: The problem is that I dont get paid unti I tomorrow, but I must register for Dr.Martins class. Could you hold a place for me unti I thenWoman: You know that without ful I payment we are not al lowed to reserve spaces in a class.Question: What does the woman mean A. The man has to wait a

235、nd take his chances. B. The man must pay now or he wont have a chance to get registered in the class. C. She could help the man the way he wished. D. Spaces can be reserved if partial payment is mad 33. The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing I cou Id ever have

236、imagined for me or my chi ldren. We are Ii vi ng in an env i ronmenta I crisis, an air-po 11 ut ion emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your health. As parents, what terrorizes us mestare reports that children are at

237、 higher risk because they breathe more ti mes per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourse Ives Our pediatricians（儿科医师的）medi ca I reconmendat ion was s imp I e: abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the smal I minority that can afford to leave. We are here bec

238、ause of my husband s work. We are fascinated by Mexicoits history and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much I onger the fear we fee I for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for mi I I ions, there is no choice. The i r I i ves,

239、 the i r jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire fami I ies work in the streets and practically I ive there. It is a fami I iar sight: as parents hawk goods at st

240、op I i ghts, their chi I dren p I ay in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to

241、end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy I ike Mexicos, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary bi 11 ions on pub I ic transportation is s imply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the c

242、urrent emergency, Mexico takes half measures一prohibitingsome more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing-that even its own officials concede arent adequate. The word emergency imp I ies the unusual. But when daily I ife i tse If i s an en汜rgency,the concept loses its meaning.

243、It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves into be I i ev i ng we can adapt. According to the passage, the current emergency in Mexico City refers to _ A. serious air-pollution B. economic crisis C. unemployment D. natural disaster 34. It is reported t

244、hat a I coho I abuse on co I I ege campuses is on the rise. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assau It, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of all, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college qui

245、te fragile, not very secure about who it is, f earfu I of its I ack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering co I I ege has experienced few authentic connections with adu

246、 Its in its Ii fet ime. I ca 11 this the Cu I ture of Neg I ect, and we一parents,teachers, professors and administratorsare the primary architects. It begins at home, where soc i a I and economic factors resu It in I ess fam i I y ti me for adu I ts. Most children and teenagers are being reared witho

247、ut mothersbeing around, with television as their on I y supervisor, and there is Ii tt I e expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. We have failed to model a culture of responsibi I ity. We have created a culture characterized by marr

248、iage fa i I ures, mass schoo I i ng that demands on I y mini ma I effort and media i do Is sub I i mi na I I y（下意识的）teachingdis respect for author i ty and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fau It. On the contrary, it sour fault. It seems that the children are always owned somethin

249、g by the busy parents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for granted that we shou Id take respons i bi I i ty for their acts. How cou Id college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obi igation and responsibi I ity A nation of individuals who cant read or wr

250、ite we I I, with no sense of major human questions, who cant think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act respons i bi I i ty w i I I be i 11 equipped to compete in any new wor Id order. A generation of neglect wil I shape our future. Lets wait and see. Which of the follow

251、ing is not included in the campus crisis A. Alcohol abuse. B. Cheating on exams. C. Racial discrimination. D. Lack of financial support. 35. It is reported that a I coho I abuse on co I I ege campuses is on the rise. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth

252、in racism, sexism, assault, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of a 11, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearfu I of its I ack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed

253、of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering co I I ege has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its I ifetime. I cal I this the Cu I ture of Neg I ect, and weparents, teachers, professors and administrators一arethe primary architects.

254、 It begins at home, where soc i a I and economic factors resu It in I ess fam i I y ti me for adu I ts. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothersbeing around, with television as their on I y supervisor, and there is I itt le expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Imm

255、ersed in themselves, they are I eft to their peers. We have fa i I ed to mode I a cu I ture of respons i bi I i ty. We have created a cu I ture characterized by marriage fa i I ures, mass schoo I i ng that demands on I y mini ma I effort and media i do Is sub I iminal ly（下意识的）teachingdis respect for

256、 author i ty and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, it sour fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy parents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for granted that we shou Id take respons i bi I i ty for their ac

257、ts. How cou Id college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obi igation and responsibi I ity A nation of individuals who cant read or write we I I, with no sense of major human questions, who cant think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act respons

258、ibi I ity wi 11 be i 11 equipped to compete in any new world order. A generation of neglect wil I shape our future. Lets wait and see. What does lnmersed in themselves, they are left to their peers mean in Paragraph 4 A. Without parentsguidance, children look at what their peers do and follow them.

259、B. Children are left to themselves and do what they like to do. C. No one takes care of the children, so they seek their peershelp. D. Children are immersed in deep water, only their peers can help them out. 36. It is reported that a I coho I abuse on co I I ege campuses is on the rise. But alcohol

260、abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assau It, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of a 11, cheating on exams. A gener at ion has con汜tocollege quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearfu I of its I ack of i

261、dentity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering co I I ege has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its I ifetime. I cal I this the Culture of Neglect, and we -paren

262、ts, teachers, professors and administrators一arethe primary architects. It begins at home, where soc i a I and economic factors resu It in I ess f am i I y ti me for adu I ts. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothersbeing around, with television as their on I y supervisor, and the

263、re is Ii tt I e expectation that they learn personal responsibi I ity. lrrmersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. We have failed to model a culture of responsibi I ity. We have created a culture characterized by marriage failures, mass schooling that demands only minimal effort and media

264、 idols sub I i mi na I I y（下意识的）teachingdisrespect for authority and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, it sour fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy parents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for gr anted

265、that we shou Id take respons i bi I i ty for the i r acts. How cou Id college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obi igation and responsibi I ity A nation of individuals who cant read or write we I I, with no sense of major human questions, who cant think critically or show

266、 interest in learning and who are unable to act respons i bi I i ty w i I I be i I I equipped to compete in any new wor Id order. A generation of neglect wil I shape our future. Lets wait and see. The main reasons that can account for the culture of neglect are the fol lowing EXCEPT_. A. social and

267、economic factors result in less family time for adults B. women do not quit their jobs and take care of t heir children as they used to do C. there are so many disrupted families D. media idols intentionally disrespect authority and wisdom 37. The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over

268、 our lives is nothing I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are I iving in an env i ronmenta I crisis, an air-po 11 ut ion emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your hea I th. As parents, what terrorizes

269、 us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more ti mes per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourse Ives Our pediatricians（儿科医师的）medi ca I recommendation was s imp I e: abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the small minority th

270、at can afford to leave. We are here because of my husband s work. We are fascinated by Mexico一itshistory and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much I onger the fear we fee I for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for mi I I ion

271、s, there is no choice. The i r I i ves, the i r jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire fami I ies work in the streets and pr act i ca 11 y I i ve there. It is a

272、fam i I i ar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet t

273、he government cannot do what it must to end this prob I em. For any country. espec i a I I y a developing Third World economy I ike Mexicos, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary bi I I ions on pub I i c transportation is s imp I y

274、 not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measures一prohibitingsome more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing-that even its own officials concede arent adequate. The word emergency imp I ies the unusual. But when daily I ife i tse

275、If i s an en记rgency,the concept I oses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves into be I i ev i ng we can adapt. The word hawk (Par A. 4) most probably means_. A. sellB. transportC. placeD. deliver 38. It is reported that a I coho I abu

276、se on co I I ege campuses is on the rise. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assau It, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of all, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not ve

277、ry secure about who it is, f earfu I of its I ack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering co I I ege has experienced few authentic connections with adu Its in its Ii fet

278、 ime. I ca 11 this the Cu I ture of Neg I ect, and we一parents,teachers, professors and administratorsare the primary architects. It begins at home, where soc i a I and economic factors resu It in I ess fam i I y ti me for adu I ts. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothersbeing ar

279、ound, with television as their only supervisor, and there is I ittle expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are I eft to their peers. We have fa i I ed to mode I a cu I ture of responsibi I ity. We have created a culture characterized by marriage fa i I ure

280、s, mass schoo I i ng that demands on I y mini ma I effort and media i do Is sub I i mi na I I y（下意识的）teachingdis respect for author i ty and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, it sour fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy pa

281、rents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for granted that we shou Id take respons i bi I i ty for their acts. How cou Id college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obi igation and responsibi I ity A nation of individuals who cantread or write we I I, with

282、no sense of major human questions, who cant think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act respons i bi I i ty w i I I be i 11 equipped to compete in any new wor Id order. A generation of neglect wi I I shape our future. Lets wait and see. According to the passage, which of

283、the statements is true A. Our children don t need to be responsible for their behavior. B. We fai l to teach the generation w hat responsibility and obligation is. C. No parents expect their children learn personal responsibility. D. The generation now entering the college has established close conn

284、ections with adults. 39.We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for examp I e, behav i ora I i mmuno I og i st (免疫学家）MarkLaudens I ager, at the University of Denver, gave mi Id e I ectr i c

285、shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enc I osure, wh i I e the other ha If cou Id not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each ti me one rat turned the whee I it protected both i tse If and its he Ip I ess Partner from the shock. La

286、udens I ager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not i n those that cou I d turn off the e I ect r i c i ty. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience i tse If, is what wakens the immune system. Oth

287、er researchers agree, Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are al lowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with sit

288、uations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can contro I. Such findings reinforce psychologistssuspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most start I i ng examp I

289、es of how the mind can a I ter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成条件反射）miceto avoid saccharin（糖精）bysimultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that wh i I e suppr

290、essing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the sacchar i n with the stomach pains, the mice qui ck I y I earned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dis I i ke for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the an i ma Is to saccharin, this ti me without the drug, and was aston

291、ished to find that those mi ce that had r ece i ved the h i ghest amounts of sweetener du r i ng the i r earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken the i r immune systems enough to k i I I them. Lauden

292、slagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity A. was altered B. was strengthened C. was weakened D. was not affected 40. (In spite of) the ever-increasing exp Io i tat ion of natura I resources, (that) has now reached dangerous proportion, (I i tt

293、I e) has been done on a (world-wide) scale to slow down or stop this process. A. In spite of B. that C. l ittle D. world-wide 41. The Vikings have left many traces of their settlement which are sti 11 vis i b I e today. Archaeo I ogy provides phys i ca I evidence of their conquests, sett I ement and

294、 da i I y I if e. The study of p I ace names and I anguage shows the lasting effect which the Viking settlements had in the Br it i sh Isles, and DNA ana I ys is provides some insights into the effect the Vikings had on the genetic stock of the countries where they settled. Al I of this provides va

295、I uab I e information, but the on I y reason that we have an idea of the Vikings as a people is their appearance in the written sources. Unfortunate I y, the va I ue of the wr i tten evidence i s I i mi ted. Not a I ot of evidence survives, and much of what we have is either uninformative or unrelia

296、ble. Many popular ideas about Vikings are nineteenth-century inventions. Others are the resu It of ear I y historians accepting sources which modern scho I ars now regard as comp I ete I y unre I i ab I e. In Scandinavia the Viking Age is regarded as part of prehistory because there are pr act i ca

297、11 y no contemporary written sources. Even in western Europe, the Viking Age is often seen as part of the Dark Ages, from which comparative I y few hi stor i ca I records have survived. Surviving accounts of Viking activity were almost exclusively written by clergymen（神职人员）Thesemonastic chronic I es

298、（编年史）outIi ne broad I y what happened, at what date. There are a I so sources of a more direct I y re I i g i ous nature, such as the much-quoted letters of Alcuin, and Wulfstans famous Sermon of the Wolf , both of which chose to interpret the Viking raids as God s punishment on the Anglo-Saxons for

299、 their sins. Even the chronicles reflect the fact that the Vikings often attacked monasteries for their wea I th, which created an obvious bi as against them, and the host i I e tone of these contemporary accounts has done much to create the popu I ar image of Viking atrocities. However, modern hist

300、orians have noted that the same sources show Christian rulers behaving equa I ly unpleasant I y, but without being condemned on re I i g i ous grounds. We tend to think of the Vikings as a race of Scandinavian warriors, but the reality is more complex. Raids on the British Isles and the coasts of Fr

301、ance and Spain were the work of Vikings from Norway and Denmark. The word Viking means one who I urks in a vik or bay, in effect, a pirate. The word Viking has come to describe a whole new age in Europe between about 800 and 1150. This is despite the fact that Vikings were not just pirates and warri

302、ors but also traders and colonists. But at the start of the Viking Age in the last decade of the 8th century, loot and adventure were the main goals of the Norwegians who raided in Scot I and and I re I and and of the Danes who attacked England. Gold and si Iver treasures accumulated by the great mo

303、nasteries could be converted into personal wealth and thus power, and captives cou Id be so Id as s I aves. What better way for the young sons of good fam i I i es to earn their way and see the wor Id The authors analysis of the Vikings mainly based on materials from A. limited written sources B. ph

304、ysical archaeological evidence C. report on DAN analysis D. the study of place names and language 42. Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too I i tt I e conf I i ct breeds apathy（冷淡）andstagnat i on（呆滞）Toomuch conflict leads to divisiveness（分裂）andhosti I ity. Moderate

305、levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Char I es R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optima I I eve I of conf I i ct may be more comp I ex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perce

306、ptions of conf I i ct among a samp I e of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprising I y, Schwenk found that opinions about conf I i ct varied systemat i ca I I y as a function of the type of organizatio

307、n. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher qua I i ty decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They

308、 be I i eved that conf I i ct genera I I y was damaging and usua 11 y I ed to poor-qua I i ty decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these resu I ts in terms of the cr i ter i a for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decis

309、ion-making effectiveness was most often assessed in f i nanc i a I terms. The executives be I i eved that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Give

310、n the comp I exit i es and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that confl i ct I ed to more considered and acceptab I e decisions. I n the eyes of the author, convent i ona I opinion on conf I i ct i s A. wrong B. oversimplified C. misleading D. uncl

311、ear 43. Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be (56) in a single large bui I ding. The importance of interior

312、 design becomes (57) when we rea I i ze how much ti me we (58) surrounded by four wa i Is. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be (59) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (60) place to be appropriate to its use. You would be (61) ff the inside of your bedro

313、om were sudden I y changed to I ook (62) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldnt feel (63) in a business office that has the appearance of a schoo I. It soon becomes c I ear that the interior designers most important (64) is the function of the particular (65). For exa叩Ie, a theater with poor si

314、ght I i nes, poor sound-shaping qua I it i es, and (66) few entries and exits w i I I not work for (67) purpose, non飞1tterhow beaut i fu I I y it might be (68). Neverthe I ess, it is not easy to晔kesu i tab I e (69) for different kinds of space, I i ght i ng and decoration of everything from cei I in

315、g to floor. (70) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design bui It-in furniture according to the functions that need to be served. Part IV ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each b I ank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best

316、 answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised 44. The United States Department of Labor (enforces) I aws that (promote) the welfare of wage earners, (impro

317、ving) occupational conditions and (advance) emp I oyment opportunities. A. enforces B. promote C. j . 1mprovlng D. advance 45.0n (each) side of the highway (was) hundreds of bi I lboards (advertising) everything from modem mote Is to roadside stands that se I I (fresh fruit) and bedspreads. A. each

318、B. was C. advertising D. fresh fruit 46.We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of I ower an i ma Is too. In one experiment, for examp I e, behav i ora I i mmuno I og i st (免疫学家）MarkLaudens I ager, at the University of Denver, gave

319、 mi Id e I ectr i c shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in the i r enc I osure, wh i I e the other ha If cou Id not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each ti me one rat turned the whee I it protected both i tse If and its he Ip I ess Part

320、ner from the shock. Laudens I ager found that the i nmune response was depressed be I ow norma I in the he Ip I ess rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience i tse If, is what wakens the

321、 immune system. Other researchers agree, Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are al lowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned t

322、o confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can contro I. Such findings reinforce psychologistssuspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most st

323、art I ing examples of how the mind can alter the inmune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成条件反射）miceto avoid saccharin（糖精）bysimultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that

324、while suppressing their i nmune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the sacchar i n with the stomach pains, the mice qui ck I y I earned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dis I ike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this ti me without the drug, and w

325、as astonished to find that those mi ce that had r ece i ved the h i ghest amounts of sweetener du r i ng the i r earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken the i r i nmune systems enough to k i I I the

326、m. According to the passage, the experience of he Ip I essness causes rats to A. turn off the electricity B. try to control unpleasant stimuli C. become abnormally suspicious D. behave passively in controllable situations 47. It is reported that a I coho I abuse on co I I ege campuses is on the rise

327、. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assau It, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of a 11, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, f earfu I of

328、 its I ack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themse Ives and afraid of re I at i onsh i ps. It is happening because the generation now entering co I I ege has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its I ifetime. I cal I this the Cu I ture o

329、f Neg I ect, and we -parents, teachers, professors and administratorsare the primary architects. It begins at ho“ie, where soc i a I and economic factors resu It in I ess fam i I y ti me for adu I ts. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothersbeing around, with television as their

330、on I y supervisor, and there is I itt le expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are I eft to their peers. We have fa i I ed to mode I a cu I ture of respons i bi I i ty. We have created a cu I ture characterized by marriage fa i I ures, mass schoo I i ng th

331、at demands on I y mini ma I effort and media i do Is sub I iminal ly（下意识的）teachingdisrespect for authority and wisdom. When the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, it sour fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy parents and by the overworked te

332、achers. The children take it for granted that we shou Id take respons i bi I i ty for their acts. How cou Id college students reared in the culture of neglect have any notion of obi igation and responsibi I ity A nation of individuals who cant read or write we I I, with no sense of major human quest

333、ions, who cant think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act respons i bi I i ty w i I I be i I I equipped to compete in any new wor Id order. A generation of neglect wi 11 shape our future. Lets wait and see. The tone of the passage is A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. cheer

334、ful D. indifferent 48. The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are I iving in an env i ronmenta I eris is, an air-po 11 ut ion emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe

335、here is to play a dangerous game with your hea I th. As parents, what terror i zes us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourselves Our pediatricians（儿科医师的）medi ca I recommendation was s imp I e: abando

336、n the city permanent I y. We are foreigners and we are among the sma 11 minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husband s work. We are fascinated by Mexico一itshistory and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the

337、fear we feel for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for mi I I ions, there is no choice. The i r I i ves, the i r jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day.

338、Entire fami I ies work in the streets and pr act i ca 11 y I i ve there. It is a fam i I i ar sight: as parents hawk goods at stop I i ghts, their chi I dren p I ay in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long en

339、ough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this prob I em. For any country, espec i a I I y a developing Third World economy I ike Mexicos, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough f

340、actories and spending the necessary bi 11 ions on pub I ic transportation is simply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measuresprohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing-that even its own officials concede ar

341、ent adequate. The word emergency imp I ies the unusual. But when daily I ife itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves into be I i ev i ng we can adapt. The Mexican government takes ha If measures

342、 to so Ive the po 11 ut ion prob I em because A. Mexican economy depends very much on cars and factories B. it is not wise enough to come up with effective measures C. Mexicans are able to adapt themselves to the current emergency D. Mexicans enjoy playing dangerous games with their health 49. Conve

343、ntional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too I ittle conflict breeds apathy（冷淡）andstagnat i on（呆滞）Toomuch conflict leads to divisiveness（分裂）andhosti I ity. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent re

344、search by Professor Char I es R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the opt in曰II eve I of conf I i ct may be more comp I ex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conf I i ct among a samp I e of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizatio

345、ns and others for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprising I y, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organiza

346、tions and that it promoted higher qua I i ty decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They be I i eved that conf I i ct genera I I y was damaging and usually led to poor-qua I ity decision making in their organiz

347、ations. Schwenk interpreted these resu I ts in terms of the cr i ter i a for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in f i nanc i a I terms. The executives be I i eved that consensus rather tha

348、n conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, dee is ion-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the comp I exit i es and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conf I

349、 i ct I ed to more considered and acceptab I e decisions. Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows A. the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B. the real value of conflict C. the difficulty in determining the defini tion of conflict D. the complexity of defining the roles of conflict 50.Alt

350、hough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be (56) in a single large bui I ding. The importance of interior design bec

351、omes (57) when we rea I i ze how much ti me we (58) surrounded by four wa i Is. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be (59) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (60) place to be appropriate to its use. You would be (61) ff the inside of your bedroom were sud

352、den I y changed to I ook (62) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldnt feel (63) in a business office that has the appearance of a schoo I. It soon becomes c I ear that the interior designers most important (64) is the function of the part i cu I ar (65) . For exa吓I e, a theater with poor sight I

353、 i nes, poor sound-shaping qua I it i es, and (66) few entries and exits wi 11 not work for (67) purpose, no matter how beaut i fu I I y it might be (68). Neverthe I ess, it is not easy to make su i tab I e (69) for different kinds of space, I i ght i ng and decoration of everything from cei I ing t

354、o floor. (70) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design bui It-in furniture according to the functions that need to be served. Part IV CI ozeD i rect ions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 b I anks. For each b I ank, there are 4 choices marked A, 8, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. A. obscure B. attracti ve C. appropriate D. evident