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1、工程硕士英语考前辅导工程硕士英语考前辅导n词汇词汇n考试要求、考点、题型分析考试要求、考点、题型分析陈多佳陈多佳1考试要求考试要求n全国工程硕士入学资格考试外语运用能力测试的词汇与语法部分共10题, 每道题2分, 共20分. 前5题为词汇题, 主要是考查考生掌握并熟练使用英语词汇及短语的能力. 根据考试大纲规定, 考生应领会式掌握4,250个左右单词和500个常用词组, 并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词; 着重要掌握名词, 动词, 形容词, 短语和固定搭配, 其中包括同义词, 反义词, 形近词等的辨析. 2考点及题型分析考点及题型分析n n短语类题型短语类题型短语类题型短语类题型-理解题意
2、理解题意理解题意理解题意, ,去伪存真去伪存真去伪存真去伪存真 n短语类试题是词汇部分比较主要的一个考点， 主要涉及动词短语，介词短语及起连词作用的固定词组（如aboveall,inthat,otherthan,ratherthan 等)。做好这类题目主要依靠学生平时的掌握与积累,特别是一些常用动词如go,put,fall,give, take, come, keep, get, bring, make, hold,turn,look,ask,stand,lay,live,run,call等与介词或副词的常用搭配应牢记在心。3n n单单单单 词词词词 辨辨辨辨 义义义义 题题题题 型型型型-分
3、 析 选 项 , 消 除 干 扰单词辨义是词汇题中的另一大题型. 可以把它分为词义辨析, 近义词辨析和形近词辨析. 这种题目对考生的词汇量要求很大. 反过来说, 也是对考生词汇量掌握情况的有效检验。考生在解此类题目时要注意仔细分析各个选项, 逐一排除干扰项. n n词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析 词义辨析还比较单纯考词汇量, 选择项中的词之间词义都很明确, 只要理解题干的意思便可作出准确选择. 如:nThefirstOlympiadissaidtohaveconsisted_ofa200-yardfootracenearthesmallcityofOlympia.A)nearlyB)comp
4、letelyC)merelyD)identicallynIdidnt_totakeataxibutIhadtoasIwaslate.A)meanB)assumeC)hopeD)suppose 4 近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析 近义词辨析是三者中最难的一项. 它不仅考查考生的词汇量， 而且考查考生在面对词与词之间存在共同概念的干扰时,如找出区别而最终作出正确判断.Manyoldpeopleinthecitiesfindthemselvesunabletogetusedtotherapid_ofcitylife.A)rateB)speedC)stepD)paceGenerally_,t
5、heclimatehereismostsuitablefortheoldpeople.A)speakingB)tellingC)sayingD)talking5 形近词辨义形近词辨义 形近词辨义的难度界于上述两者之间, 主要是从相似的拼写或发音方面给考生造成干扰, 如果考生对某个词记忆不深, 模棱两可的话, 就很容易陷入被动. 因此归根到底, 这种题型仍是以考查单词词义为主.Thenewcurrencywillgetinto_soon.A)circuitB)circulationC)circularD)circleThe captain of the ship _ the passengers
6、 that therewasnodanger.A)assuredB)ensuredC)securedD)insured_hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.A)DislikeB)UnlikeC)AlikeD)Liking6 搭配关系题型搭配关系题型 - -仔细推敲仔细推敲, , 逐一排除逐一排除 英语中的搭配关系多种多样, 除了在短语题型里介绍过的动词与介词, 动词与名词的搭配, 考试中还常会考到形容词与介词, 形容词与名词, 名词与介词等. 考生在遇到有些搭配不那么肯定的情况下一定要沉着冷静, 对各个选项仔细推
7、敲, 并放入句中利用语感和平时做题的经验进行逐一排除. 如：Hewasatalentedfootballplayerasaboy,buthenever_hisearlypromise.A)concludedB)completedC)performedD)fulfilled7语法语法考试要求考试要求 如词汇部分所述,语法题与词汇题出现在同一部分, 共10题20分,前5题为词汇题,后5题为语法题,属单项选择题,每题2分,共10分。 语法是解决其他题型的基础和关键。要学好语法不能满足于记住了多少条语法规则,更重要的是掌握它们的用法。虽然这部分只有5题,但只有这部分可被看作是对语言知识的考核,因此这一
8、部分在整个考试中有举足轻重的地位,考生对这部分试题的完成准确率可以反映考生的英语基础知识打得牢不牢固。nn8测试范围测试范围基础语法测试要求考生不仅能正确完成语法知识题, 还能够举一反三, 灵活运用到其他考试题型中如阅读理解, 完形填空等, 这就需要考生具体掌握以下几点知识. 1.名词, 代词的数与格的构成及用法: 2.形容词,副词的 比较级和最高级的构成及用法. 3.动词的基本时态，语态的构成形式及用法 4.非谓语动词的构成形式及用法 5.虚拟语气的构成形式及用法 6.各类从句的构成形式及用法 7.强调句的构成形式及用法 8.倒装句的构成形式及用法 9.主谓一致的用法9阅读理解阅读理解 阅读
9、部分的测试要求及测试范围测试要求 阅读部分共设20题， 每题两分。考试时间为21分钟。短文4篇，每篇约150词左右。 要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题的四项选择中取最佳答案。 阅读部分的考试目的是测试考生从阅读材料中获取信息的能力。要求考生既具备答题的准确性，也要求考生具备一定的答题速度。主要测试以下能力： (1)掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节； (2)对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理； (3)理解某些词和句子的意义或上下文之间的逻辑关系； (4)领会作者的观点并能判别作者的态度。10 阅读理解测试是一项检查考生阅读理解应用能力的测试。笔者在以往辅导教学中发现学生平时的阅读量较小，
10、阅读能力欠佳，大学毕业已若干年的考生尤其如此。因此，对考生进行考前阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。n1)解题步骤n考前阅读理解训练一般要求考生在处理阅读材料时遵循以下步骤：n阅读选项,略读全文,领会大意,寻读对照,准则判断解题步骤及策略解题步骤及策略 112) 解题策略n应考虑阅读的四个层次及其把握：n第一层次是对单词和短语的理解；n第二层次是对句子的理解；n第三层次是对段落的理解，即通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系得出该段落的结构和大意n第四层次是对篇章的理解，即通过分析段与段之间的逻辑关系得出整篇文章的结构和大意。在实际阅读过程中，上述四个层次是互相联系、不可截然分开的。在大多数情况下，正确的阅读
11、方法，要把对文章细节的阅读与其整体篇章大意的阅读相结合，而以从上下文连贯的篇章大意理解为主线来进行。12n利用上下文，猜测词义nHe is successful as a businessman because of his dynamicpersonalityHeseemstohaveunlimitedenergynThe expensive curtains and luxurious carpets were the onlyremainingsignsofthehousesformeropulence.nA)povertyB)wealthC)conditionD)uglinessnn2
12、根据同义、反义关系确定词义n阅读中，特别是要注意表示反意的信号词：incontrast，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，nhowever， yet, although，while，unlike，but，whereas，asopposedto等。MysisterMarieisanoptimist，whileherboyfriendisonewhoisalwaysgloomyandexpectstheworsttohappenn13利用标点符号利用标点符号/利用构词法猜测词利用构词法猜测词nAgorillaalwaysmakesmethinkofthewordaloofnotf
13、riendly,ofdistancefromothers.Theyoverestimatetheintervieweesabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions14HaveaTry(Reading)nItistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.
14、Inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（行不行不通通),andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroupthechurch,village,andthelike-wi
15、llberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchas the town, township, and later the state or the province becomesnecessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a
16、unit thealreadyexistinglocalunit.151.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis:A) The more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex theeducationalsystembecomes.B) The complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of theeducationalsystem.C)Socialorganizationsaretrulyasc
17、omplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes.D)Oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildrenseducationalrequirements.2.Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor_.A)moreparentalinfluenceineducationB)aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount.C)strictstatecontrolofeducationD)mor
18、especialtrainingforteachers.3.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomeinfluentialisthatA)teachersbecometoopowerfulB)enrollmentincreasesC)aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachersD)thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation4.Theauthorpromisestoexplain_.A)thenecessityof
19、thelocalgovernmentunit.B)whyitiseasiertousethegovernmenttocontroleducationC)theresponsibilityofthesocialgroupD)whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren.16HaveanotherTrynWeareassociatecolorswithfeelingandattitudes.Inpolitics dark blue often means tradition, and redmeans social change. But blue can also
20、meansadness(Imfeelingblue).Whiteisoftenforpurity,althoughinChinawhiteiswornforfunerals,andredisusedtoexpressthejoyofawedding,inwesternEurope white is worn at wedding and black forfunerals.Advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccordingtothewaypeoplereacttothem. Soap powders come in whit
21、e and light bluepackets(cleanandcold,likeice);cerealsoftencomein brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmeticsnevercomeinbrownjars(dirty!).nWheredotheseideascomefrom?MaxLuscherfromthe University of Geneva believes that in thebeginninglifewasdictatedbytwofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.Nightbr
22、oughtpassivity,andageneralslowingdownofmetabolism(新陈代谢);daybroughtwithitthepossibilityofaction,andincreaseinthemetabolicrate,thusprovidinguswithenergyand initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color ofquietandpassivity,brightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity.nInprehistorictimes,activityasaruletookon
23、eoftwoforms:eitherwewerehuntingandattacking,orwewerebeinghuntedanddefendingourselvesagainstattack.Attackisuniversallyrepresentedbythecolorred;self-preservationbyitscomplementgreen.17Questionsn1.InLuschersview,theassociationofcolorswithfeelingsandattitudescanbetracedbackto.nA.theassociationofdayandni
24、ghtwithpassivityandactioninancienttime.nB.TheassociationofblackwithfuneralsinwesternEurope.nC.TheassociationofwhitewithpurityinsomecountriesnD.TheassociationofredwithjoyinChinan2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?nA.Darkbluebringstragedy.B.Darkbluemeanstradition.nC.Darkbluerepresentsnight.D.Darkblueindic
25、atesquietness.n18Tobecontinued(questions)n3.InLuschersview,whichofthefollowingcolorsisassociatedwithdefense?nA.RedB.BlueC.DarkD.Greenn4.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplewouldprobablyfavoryellow?nA.Peoplewhoarepassiveandconservative.nB.Peoplewhoarecreativeandaggressive.nC.Peoplewhoarehopefulanda
26、ctive.nD.PeoplewhoareidealanditewithpurityinsomecountriesnD.TheassociationofredwithjoyinChinan19Thinkitover,donttakeitforgranted!n5.Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepacketsto_.nA.resembleiceB.showqualitynC.suggestpurityD.attractcustomers20HaveaquickscanningCOMMUTERBUSSERVICEnNewYorkCity-Brennan,N.J
27、.nEffectiveSept.2002-May2003nSCHEDULEnBusesleavePortAuthorityBusTerminal.NewYorkCity,from7:00a.m.,andeveryhalf-hourthereafter,until11:30p.m.(7daysaweek)nBuses leave Brennan station 20 minutes before and aftereveryhourfrom6:20a.m.until10:40p.m.(7daysaweek)Eveningrushhours(5:00p.m.to7:00p.m.):buseslea
28、vePortAuthorityterminalevery15minutes(Monday-Friday)n21TobecontinuednHolidays:Busesleaveeveryhouronthehour,eachdirection(Triptime:30minuteseachday)nTICKETSnOneway:$1.50nCommuterticket(10trips):$10:00nAllticketsmustbepurchasedatWindow12,PortAuthority Bus Terminal, or at the Brennan stationwindowBEFOR
29、Eboardingbuses.22QuickScanningforKeyInfon(1)AtwhichofthefollowingtimesdoesabusleaveNewYorkforBrennanonTuesdays?nA)9:30a.m.B)11:15a.m.C)2:45p.m.D)10:20p.mn.n(2) If you had to meet a friend at the bus station inBrennanat10:15a.m.onaFriday,whichisthelatestbusyoucouldtakefromNewYork?nA)the10:00a.m.busB)
30、the9:30a.m.busnC)the9:00a.m.busD)the8:20a.m.busn(3)WhattimedoesabusleaveBrennanforNewYorkCityonSaturday?nA)5:15p.m.B)7:10p.m.C)9:40p.m.D)11:40p.m.23QuickScanningforKeyWordsn4.Whereshouldpassengersbuytheirtickets?nA)fromthedriverbeforeboardingthebusnB)fromthedriverafterboardingthebusnC)atthedoorneart
31、hisnoticenD)ataterminalticketwindown5.IfyouwantedtovisitafriendinBrennanonNewYearsDay,whattimecouldyougetanbusfromthePortAuthorityterminal?nA)9:30a.m.B)10:00a.m.C)10:20a.m.D)10:40a.m.24完形填空完形填空完形填空部分的测试要求及测试范围完形填空部分的测试要求及测试范围测试要求测试要求n完形填空部分共设10题，每题2分；要求考生阅读一篇难度适中的短文（约150200个英文单词），其中留出10个空白，每处有4个选项。考
32、生需运用自己的语言综合能力，在全面了解文章内容的基础上，选择最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构完整、合理。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。n由于自然语言都存在冗余现象，这一现象使人们在阅读一篇文章的时候，即使文章被抽去部分的词，仍然可能根据对剩余部分的分析来理解整篇文章的思想，并可推断出缺损部分的信息，而这种推断信息的准确度就取决于人们综合运用语言的能力。n最早的完形填空形式是每隔五个或五个以上的词（一般为512个词）等距地删去一n个词。这种形式测试效率较低，因为同一个词可能多次遇到，而且有的词测试意义不大。n因此，后来对这一做法进计了修正，修正后的做法是有选择地删去一定量的词。对删去n什么词在命
33、题时要经过仔细设计，反复推敲。一般来说，在被删去的词中，实词和虚词n要各占一定的比例，词汇题和语法题要各占一定的比例，全局题和局部题要各占一定的n比例，只有这样，完形填空题才能全面、准确地测试出考生综合运用语言的能力。在我n国目前的各类英语考试中，完形填空部分均采用修正后的考试形式。n25n测试范围测试范围n完形填空题是以测试考生综合运用语言的能力为目的此题型可谓是“Tokilltwobirdswithonestone.”。这种能力具体体现在以下三个方面：n1）对词汇知识的掌握；n2）对语法结构知识的掌握；n3）对篇章阅读能力的掌握。26完形填空题的解题方法完形填空题的解题方法解题步骤解题步骤
34、n上面说过，完形填空是一种综合性很强的题目，它涉及到考生多方面的语言能力，如阅读理解能力，语法分析能力，词汇辨析能力，固定搭配及惯用法等多方面的能力。因此，考生在答题时可遵循以下步骤：n1)通读全文，掌握大意。完形填空题的第一句话一般都是完整的，而且它常常就是n本段、乃至全文的中心思想。考生应该借助这一主题句，快速测览全文，掌握短文的基n本思想。n2)根据上下文理清脉络并进行判断。考生在做题时必须时时刻刻从上下文出发考虑，因为在大多数情况下，空缺项的填补都需要通过对上下文的分析才能作出判断。n3)由易到难，各个击破。一般来说，固定搭配，习惯用法最简单，考生只要记住了n这些搭配及用法，可以很快找
35、到答案。然后可过渡到部分考语法知识的题目和根据上下n文选择词义的题目。最后可做需要全局性理解的题目，这种题目要求较高。n4)正确运用排除法。有的题目中，有一些一眼就可排除的选项，这种选项在做题时n可首先排除，然后把精力集中于较难取舍的选择项上。当然，在遇有难以判断的选择项n时，也可把每一种选择都填入空中加以分析，根据上下文信息和一些语法知识，逐一排n除掉错误答案和可能性很小的选择。n5)全篇复核，再次确认中心无误。把所有题目都做出来以后，最好再把全文通读一n遍，再次确认中心思想没有理解错误，以避免全盘皆错的惨局。27n试一拭试一拭nThroughouthistorymanhashadtoacc
36、eptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie,butpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey1.Yet,alllivingthingsstillshowthe2ofaging,whichwilleventuallyresultindeath.nAgingisnotadisease,butasapersonpassesmaturity,thecellsofthebodyandtheorganstheyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey3inchildhoodandadolescence. The body provides les
37、s protection against disease and is morepronetoaccident.nAnumberofrelatedcausesmay4aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglife,buttheyarenotreplacedwhentheydie.Asapersonages,5ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecreases.Oldbodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe6cellsmaynotbeasviableorascapab
38、leofgrowthasthoseofayoungperson.nAnother7inagingmaybechangeswithinthecellsthemselves.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknowntochangewithageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesandhangsloose.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople8inheight.Theremaybemoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.Som
39、ecomplexcellchemicals,suchasDNA,andRNA,storeand9informationthatthecellsneed.Agingmayaffectthis10.28n1.A)usetoB)beusedtoC)usedtoD)hadn2.A)functionB)effectC)influenceD)signn3.A)doB)hasdoneC)didD)weredoingn4.A)concerntoB)contributetoC)happentoD)brington5.A)anumberB)theamountC)thenumberD)mostn6.A)oldB)r
40、emainingC)newD)othern7.A)factorB)effectC)reasonD)elementn8.A)shortenB)shrinkC)lengthenD)decreasen9.A)passtoB)passontoC)passfromD)passonn10.A)methodB)procedureC)developmentD)process29会话完成考试要求n本部分为英语运用能力测试的最后一部分,通过完成对话的方式,重在考查考生实际运用英语进行交流的综合能力.题型为10段不完整的英语简短对话,在每段对话后有4个选项,要求考生选出其中一个正确答案.每题2分,共20分.nWai
41、ter:Welcome,sir.MayIhelpyou?nCustomer:_.nA)Thankyou.Illhavefriedtofuandstir-friedcauliflower.nB)Yes,please.Idlikeahamburgerandachocolateshake.nC)Sorry.Idontneedyourhelp,thankyou.nD)Ifyouwanttohelpme,Illbegladtoacceptit.nGuest:Oh,itstenoclock.Idbettergonow.nHost:_.nA)Ok.Pleasewalkslowly.nB)Whydoyouwa
42、nttogonow?dontyouwanttostay?nC)Wontyoustayforanothercupofcoffee?nD)Yeah,itsreallylate.Whynotimmediately?30PhoneCallnWilson:Hello.MayIspeaktoPeter?nPeter:_.nA)Sorry,thenumberisengaged.Willyouhold?nB)Yes,speaking.nC)Hello.Whoreyou,please?nD)Hello.Thankyouforcalling.31BetweenTwoPersonsnMan:DoyoumindifI
43、smokehere?nWoman:_.nA)Well,yes,actually-thisisanosmokingcompartment.nB)Ofcoursenot-thisisanosmokingcompartment.nC)No,Imsorry.D)Allright.Ifyoujustsmokeoneeachday?32Justdoitn1.Man:Wow!Howbeautifulyouaretoday!nWoman:_.nA)YouaresuchanicemanB)ItsnothingnC)dontmakeafussD)Imgladtohearit.Thankyou!n2.Man:Iha
44、vetwoticketsfortonightsconcert.Couldyougonwithme?nWoman:Idliketo,butImbusytonight.nMan:_.nA)Allmyworkgoesfornothing.B)Whatapity.Imsorry.nC)HowcouldIdosuchasillything?nD)Isitjustaswhatyousaid?33Goonwithitn3.Linda:Whatsthematterwithyou?nJack:Itstheboss.Ivetriedmybest,buthestoohardtonbepleased.nLinda:_
45、.nA)Youlldoitbetternexttime.nB)Yeah.Itsreallyhardforyou.nC)TakeyourtimeD)Howcouldallthishappentoyou?n4.Man:Whatsthenoiseupstairs?nWoman:Itseemstheyrewrestling.nMan:_.nA)Icantstanditanymore.B)Idontlikeit.nC)WhatashameD)Itsastorminateacup.34Tobecontinuedn5.Oldman:Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherentherestroomsare?nYoungman:_.nOldman:Well,thankyouanyway.nYoungman:NotatallnA)Taketheelevatortothesecondfloorandturnnright.nB)Imgoingtheremyself.Letmeleadyoutheway.nC)Yes.Itsjustaroundthecorner.nD)Imnotsure.Imastrangerheretoo.35
