2023年语法补充--动名词+反意疑问句

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1、读书破万卷 下笔如有神 动名词 1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1)作主语。例如:Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2)作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如: admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 p

2、ractice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾

3、语或其他成分。例如: admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful

4、 in 3)作表语,对主语说明、解释。例如: Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4)作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如: a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如: boiling poi

5、nt=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机 2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词,意为值得。 1. worth: be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时,表示 值得 常见的有 It s worth while to do./ It s worth (someones )whi

6、le doing be worth doing sth. 某事值得被做 The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。 2. worthy :be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. 3. worthwhile : be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事 It is worthwhile to as

7、k him to join the club. 值得邀请他加入俱乐部。 典型例题 It is not _ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while 答案 C. 由 worth 的用法可知,此句只适合词组 be worthwhile to do sth. 。选 C。 反意疑问句 1) 陈述部分的主语是 I,疑问部分要用 arent I。例如: Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗? 读书破万卷 下笔如有神

8、2) 陈述部分的谓语是 wish,疑问部分要用 may +主语。例如: I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗? 3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗? 4) 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用 shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。例如: He

9、 ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗? 5) 陈述部分有 have to +v. (had to + v.) ,疑问部分常用 dont +主语(didnt +主语) 。例如: We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗? 6) 陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时,疑问部分用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。例如: He used to take pictures there, didnt he?

10、/ usednt he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗? 7) 陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you? 例如: Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去读,好吗? 8) 陈述部分有 would rather +v. ,疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。例如: He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗? 9) 陈述部分有 Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt +

11、主语。例如: Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗? 10)陈述部分有 must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如: He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是医生,是吗? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗? 11)感叹句中,疑问部分用 be

12、 +主语。例如: What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗? 12) 陈述部分由 neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗? 13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it。例如: Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就绪,是吗? 14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况: a. 并

13、列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如: Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗? b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如: He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗? c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是 think, believe, expect,

14、 suppose, imagine 等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如: I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗? 15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数 they,有时也用单数 he。例如:Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) 人人都知道答

15、案,是这样吧? Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 没人知道这件事,是吧? 16)带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如: We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗? He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗? 当 dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do + 主语。例如: She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,

16、是吗? 17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用 will you 。例如: Dont do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗? Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧,好吗? 注意:Lets 开头的祈使句,后用 shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用 will you? 例如: Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你

17、,好吗? 18)陈述部分是there be结构的,疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。例如: There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题,对不对? There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗? 19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如: 冒险建议面对包括忍受理解宽恕继续例如你把收音机音量调小一点好吗一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途例如写字台游泳池有些动名词作定语与象名词时表示值得某事值得被做值得做某事值得邀请他加入俱乐部典型读书破万卷 下

18、笔如有神 It is impossible, isnt it? 这不可能,是吗? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗? 20) must 在表推测时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如: He must be there now, isnt he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗? 特殊情况 1. Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it

19、? (非谓语动词作主语用it。 ) 2I dont think that she ca res, does he? (陈述句是转移否定,反意疑问句的主语和谓语必须和从句一致。) 3Open your books, would you/wont you? (陈 述 句 对 第 二 人 称 的 祈 使 句 , 简 略 问 句 可 用will you? Wont you? W ould you? Can you? 或cant you?) 4Dont forget to write a letter to me, will you? (在否定祈使句中,只用 will you? ) 5Lets go t

20、o the station shall we?(Lets 包括听话者,所以用 shall we?) 6Let us go for a walk, will you?/wont you?(Let us 不包括听话者,而是向听话者提出建议或要求。) 7 We must study all the subjects well, neednt we?(must 在这里不表示“ 必须” , 只表示“ 有必要“ , 所以不重复 must, 要用 need.) 8It must be Xiao Wang, isnt it?(must be在这里表示推测,要用 be 的适当形式) 9You must have

21、 made the mistake, havent you?(当 must+不定式的完成式表示对过去事情的推测时,用 have。) 10. The boys mustnt play with fire, may they?(当 must 表示“ 禁止” 时,反意问句要用 may.) 11. He used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt he?(当陈述句含有 used to 时,简略问句用 did,也可重复 used.) 12We usually have breakfast at seven, dont we?(当 have 不作“ 有” 解而用作行为动词

22、时,简略问句用 do 适当形式) 13., We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? (陈述部分的谓语包含have to, has to, had to 时, 疑问部分要用do 的适当形式。 ) 14. Nothing can stop us now, can it?( 陈述部分用 everything, nothing 作主语时,疑问部分主语用 it.) 15. I am a three-good student, arent I?( 陈述部分用 I am 时,疑问部分用 arent I.) 16. There is something

23、 wrong with your TV set, isnt there?( 陈述部分为 there+be 结构,疑问部分用 there,省略主语代词。) 17. I wish to have a word with you, may I?(当陈述句是主语结构 I wish, 用以征求对方意见,简略问句用 may I.) 18. Tom has been reading novels, but he didnt read this afternoon, did he?(陈述句是并列句, 简略问句的主谓语应和后一个分句一致。) 19. She dislikes smoking, doesnt sh

24、e?( 如果陈述部分里出现表示否定意义的某些词 如 never, hardly, few, little, nothing, nobody 等,简略问句要用肯定式;但是, 如果谓语是通过加前缀构成的否定词 ,简略问句用否定。) 20. That China is a great socialist country is well known, isnt it? (不定式短语,动名词短语或主语从句作主语,简略问句的主语用it.) 21. This is my pen, isnt it?( 陈述部分的主语 this ,that,简略问句用 it:陈述部分的主语 these, those,简略问句的

25、主语用 they.) 22.None of it is here, is it? (在”none of”结构中,如 of 后的名词或代词是单数,后面的主语也为单数,这种情况,主要由于 of 后的名词或代词为不可数名词) 23. In our class each of the students passed the exam, didnt he/they?(陈述部分如是“each of ”结构作主语,若强调个别,简略问句的主语用单数代词;若强调全体,简略问句用复数代词。) 24. We ought to make a greater contribution to the world revo

26、lution, shouldnt/oughtnt we?(陈述部分含 ought to 时,简略问句要用 should,也可重复 ought.) 25. The girl darent go home alone, dare she?(陈述部分的谓语含有 dare, need 时,看它们是情态动词还是行为动词,分别重复dare, need 或用 do 的适当形式。)2 26. You had better finish the experiment today, hadnt you?( had better do 为肯定时用hadnt you ,相反,had better not do 为否定

27、时用had you。) 27. He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? (would rather do than do时用 wouldnt +主语。) 28.What colours, arent they? What a smell, isnt it? (感叹句得看名词单复数,复书用 they,单数用 it。 ) 29. Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?( 用复数及肯定。) 30. Everyone/Everybody/Someone/Somebody knows this, arent they/isnt he? (指人的不定代词 作主语,简略问句一般用they, 也可用he) 31.Few people know him, do they?( 当名词前有表示数量的 few, little 出现时,反意疑问部分得肯定。) 冒险建议面对包括忍受理解宽恕继续例如你把收音机音量调小一点好吗一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途例如写字台游泳池有些动名词作定语与象名词时表示值得某事值得被做值得做某事值得邀请他加入俱乐部典型

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