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1、 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词一、什么叫做非谓语动词非谓语使用条件非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her
2、 seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.二、非谓语动词的表现二、非谓语动词的表现形式形式有：有：不定式不定式 （to do）现在分词现在分词 （doing）过去分词过去分词 （done）动名词动名词 （doing）三、非谓语动词的特征三、非谓语动词的特征1 1、动词特征：、动词特征：A、时态：时态： 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 to do to have done doing having done 进行进行式式 完成完成进行进行式式 to be doing to have been doing I think i
3、t wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice. to ask to have finishedHaving done hopingB、语态：语态： 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 to do to be doneto have done to have been donedoing being donehaving done ha
4、ving been doneHe is asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still couldnt understand it. to be sentto have been sentbeing discussedHaving been told注：非谓语动词的否定结构是：注：非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +not +非谓语非谓语动词动
5、词The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation.Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again.Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.主主语语表表语语宾宾语语补补语语定定语语状状语语不定式不定式+现在分词现在分词+过去分词过去分词+动名词动名词+组成组成介词介词短语短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分四、非谓语动词充当的成分( (一一) ) 不定式与动名词作主语不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语多
6、表示具体的某次动作，尤其多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。是指将来的动作。动名词作主语动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。作。_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. PlayingAA( (二二) ) 动名词与不定式作宾语动名词与不定式作宾语 在一个句子中，用不定式，在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。谓语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词
7、作宾语有以下几种情况：非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A. A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish, ask, promise, pretend, fail, decide, learn, agree, manage, demand, plan, refuse, seem, expect, want, hope, arrange, attempt, choose, determine, happen, offer, prepare, appear, afford, intend, desireB. B. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest,
8、finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, miss, practise, excuse, consider, appreciate, imagine, escape, finish, keep, standlook forward to, devoteto, get down to, be/get used to, pay attention to, lead to, stick to, preferto, be busy1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式等词后接不定式时，表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；时，表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；
9、 接动名词时，接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。表示习惯、经验、体会。I prefer being alone.I prefer to stay at home today.C. C. 既可接不定式既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动又可接动名词作宾语的动词词2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的时，表示一已经发生了的 动作。动作。I forgot telling him the news.I forgot to tell him the news.I dont r
10、emember having ever promised you that.3. 跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。mean doing/to do, stop doing/to do, go on doing/to do, try doing/to do, can not help doing/to do4. want、need、require、request等此后等此后接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子句子的意思没有差别。但句子的的主语一般是一表物主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。的名词
11、或代词。Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.The windows need painting again to be painted again.5. 固定句型固定句型Its no use/good/useless doing sth.Its kind/wise/clever of sb. to do sth.Its important/hard for sb. to do sth.1.If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in. 2. Sh
12、e reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs _ (improve). to closeto restimproving或或to be improved4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ; to ride D . to ride
13、; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going CA6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repa
14、iring B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repairedCD8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.sailing(三三) 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 1. 1. 现在分词现在分词( (v+ingv+ing) )作状语表示主动作状语表示主动的动作。的动作。2.2.过去分词过去分词( (v+edv+ed) )有两大特点，一是有两大特点，一是表表被动的动作被动的动作；二是表；二是表已完成的动已完成
15、的动作作。1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更明等，使其时间意义更明确。确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末多置于句首，也可置于句末)2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中句首或句末，也可置于句中)3. 条件状语：可加连词条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件状等；也可换成条件状语从句。语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首) 4. 让步状语：有时可加让步状语：有时可加 a
16、lthough , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首)5. 结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（多置于句末多置于句末）6. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句多置于句末末) A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词与过去分词作状语When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.HearingWhen the baby saw it
17、s mother, it smiled.Seeing As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.Hoping The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. resultingWhen hearingWhile he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.WorkingWhile workingWhen seeing Whe
18、n it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful . Dont speak until you are spoken to.Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . If we were given more time , we could do it much better . He was warned of the danger, but he sti
19、ll went skating on the ice. SeenGreatly touchedGiven spokenWarned he If given When seenB. 不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。条件等。 She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside. She looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 注：表目的的不定式还常与注
20、：表目的的不定式还常与so as或或in order连用，连用，构成构成so as (not) to do和和in order (not) to do 结构，其中结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. Tom kept quiet about
21、 the accident so that he would not lose his job.=so as not to lose his job. 动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C. 动名词作状语动名词作状语Without saying a word, he went away. On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me.1._(know) that he
22、won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 2. _(finish) the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 3. _ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read. 4. _ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.Having knownNot having finished Wri
23、tten To become5. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added 6. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look7. _ such heavy pollution alr
24、eady, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. SufferedCBA不定式不定式, ,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别: :不定式：不定式： 强调被补足的宾语或主语的强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全动作的全 过程过程。过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的 动作。过去分词作补足语时，这动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些些 过去分词一般都来自及物动词，过去分词一般都来自及物动
25、词，表表 被动或完成之意被动或完成之意。现在分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语现在分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进行正在进行 的动作的动作。( (四四) ) 非谓语动词作补足语非谓语动词作补足语 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 hear, watch, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等词的句子中。等词的句子中。2. 表示表示“致使致使”等意义的使役动词，如等意义的使役动词，如 catch, make, have, get, keep, leave, s
26、et 的句子中。的句子中。3. with 引导的结构中。引导的结构中。非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出现在使役动非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出现在使役动词、感觉动词的句型结构中。即：词、感觉动词的句型结构中。即：have sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth. have sth. done have sth. doing 1.She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. We are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. I cou
27、ld feel the wind _ (blow)on my face from an open window. takensettledblowingCA4. He found them _ at a table_. A. seating; playing chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess5. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C.
28、left, unlocked D. to leave; unlocking6. With a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done7. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before _. A. flying; sent to sleep B. flying; sending to sleep C. to fly; to be sent to sleep D.
29、 to fly; sending sleeping BA1. This book is really _. A. to entertain B. entertained C. entertaining 2. He grew more _ and a little _ when he got to the mysterious cave. A. exciting; frightened B. exciting; frightening C. excited; frightened D. excited; frightening3. The main job of the ant queen is
30、 _ eggs. A. to lay B. laying C. lain D. laidCCB(五五) 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语4. The boy was _, so I didnt believe him again. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. to disappoint 5. At the sight of the snake, the little girl got _. A. to be frightened B. frightening C. frightenedAC现在分词现在分词( (V+ingV+ing) )作定语：表示所
31、修饰名词正在进作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进行的行的, ,主动的动作主动的动作 。过去分词过去分词( (V+edV+ed) )作定语：表示一个已经完成了的作定语：表示一个已经完成了的, ,被动的动作被动的动作 。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个将来的动作。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个将来的动作。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。(六六) 非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语作定语1.A football fan is a person who has a strong interest in football. 2. I am looking for the tr
32、ain which will go to Shanghai.3. It was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood.4. Who is the person that is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? 5. The house which is being built belongs to my uncle.having to go to named standing being built非谓语动词做题步骤非谓语动词做题步
33、骤一、分析句子结构一、分析句子结构, 辨别辨别“谓与谓与非谓非谓”1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He had been told D. Though he had been toldC_A二、找固定搭配二、找固定搭配当非谓语动词充当宾语时，我们可以先看当非谓语动词充当宾语时，我们可以先看谓语动词有无固定搭配。谓语动词有无固定搭配。They seem _ (fin
34、ish) their work. to have finished 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语逻辑主语。三、找逻辑主语三、找逻辑主语Being unhappy, she phones her friend to chat. She is reading a book found on the way.His/He being late makes us angry. The birds singing, it is a nice day. 1. _no buses , we h
35、ave to walk home 2. _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A.There being B. It were C. There were D. It being_AD_四、分析语态四、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是使用时是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。1. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .2. _ the dirty clothes, the
36、 girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed_B_D五、分析时态五、分析时态1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.A. having been builtB. to be built C. being built D. built _C_B_D
