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1、概要写作指导1优制课程 提供一篇提供一篇350词以内词以内的短文，要求考生基的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇于该短文写出一篇60词左右词左右的内容概要。阅卷的内容概要。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：时将主要考虑以下内容：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。对各要点表达的独立性情况。2优制课程评分原则评分原则1.本题总分为本题总分为25分，按分，按5个档次给分。个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，评分时，先根
2、据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于词数少于40或多于或多于80的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2分。分。4.评分时，应主要从以下评分时，应主要从以下4个方面考虑：个方面考虑：5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6.书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要
3、点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。对各要点表达的独立性情况。3优制课程档次档次描述描述第五档第五档(21-25)理解准确，理解准确，涵盖全部要点涵盖全部要点能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇有效地使用了有效地使用了语句间的连接成分语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑，使所完成的概要结构紧凑完全使用自己的语言完全使用自己的语言第四档第四档(16-20)理解准确，涵盖理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点绝大部分要点所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但完全不影响意
4、义表达所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但完全不影响意义表达比较有效地使用了比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑，使所完成的概要结构紧凑有个别整句抄自原文有个别整句抄自原文第三档第三档(11-15)理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达应用简单地语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯应用简单地语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档第二档(6-10)出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。出现两句
5、以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档第一档(1-5)多个句子抄自原文多个句子抄自原文4优制课程Summary is a short passage giving the main points of an original article.What is a summary?What should we pay attention to when we write a summary?文体文体时态时态人称人称主题主题write a summary记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文5优制课程概要写作解题步骤：概要写作解题步骤：一、区别文体，看清结构； （文体+结构）二、把握大意，找主题句； （大意+主
6、题句）三、分析段落，切中要点； （段落+要点）四、同意置换，串句成文。 （置换+串联）6优制课程阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same v
7、iew. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning t
8、han at any other time of the day. Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year. We will also have
9、enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never
10、 forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmonious scene! However, if we get up late, well probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making it in a mess. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit. If you are a late riser, you may find it difficult to form the
11、habit of getting up early. You will have to make efforts to do so. If you want to get up early, sleeping earlier the night before expect to be successful. Besides, you can set your alarm clock or ask someone whom you know will be awake at that time to call you. If you stick to getting up early every
12、 day, you will certainly benefit a lot from it.reasonstopic/phenomenonsuggestions7优制课程体裁：体裁：_主题：主题：_结构：结构：_Step 1. Read for the topic and structure（确定体裁，（确定体裁，明确主题及结构）明确主题及结构） Step 2. Explore for the key information of each paragraph (划主题句划主题句, ,找关键信息找关键信息) )Step 3. paraphrase (改写改写)Step 4. polish t
13、he passage (改良改良) Write a summary with the steps& tipsStep 1. Read for the topic and structure（确定体裁，（确定体裁，明确主题及结构）明确主题及结构） expository writing(说明文说明文)getting up earlytopic() reasons() suggestions()8优制课程Step 2. Explore for the key information of each paragraph (划主题句划主题句, ,找关键信息找关键信息) )Write a summary
14、with the steps& tipsGetting up early is of great importance to us all.para.1:para.2:In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.para.3:If we get up early and do some morning exercise, Without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier.para.4:We
15、will also have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day para.5:sleeping earlier the night before Besides, you can set your alarm clock or ask someone to call you. 9优制课程Write a summary with the steps& tipsGetting up early is of great importance to us all.para.1:2. It
16、is _.1.Getting up early is of great _ to us all. /Getting up early is _ to us all.3. Getting up early plays_ in our life.4. We should attach great importance to getting up early./Great importance should be attached to getting up early. Step 3. paraphrase (改写改写)significancesignificantimportant for us
17、 to get up early.an important partTips: 1). paraphrase with synonyms(同同义词义词) 2). rewrite sentence structure(改句型改句型)10优制课程Write a summary with the steps& tipsIn the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.para.2:1. We are usually in the best conditions with _ of
18、 a day.2.In the morning,we can learn more things because of the freshest air and peoples best conditions. 3. The reason is that morning is a fantastic time of a day to enjoy the freshest air and the experience of memorizing things quickly. Step 3. paraphrase (改写改写)the freshest air11优制课程Write a summa
19、ry with the steps& tipspara.3:1. _we can be healthier with the help of exercise.If we get up early and do some morning exercise, Without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier.2.We can be increasingly healthy by _in the morning. 3. Whats more, people who stick to physical exercise i
20、n the morning, thus, have stronger bodies. 4. Getting up early to do some physical exercise can help us keep healthy. Step 3. paraphrase (改写改写)There is no boubt thatworking out12优制课程Write a summary with the steps& tipspara.4:We will also have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or
21、study of the day 1.It enables us to _the day.2. Time will be _.3. Whats more beneficial is that enough time can be got to make a plan for work or study of the day if we get up early. 4. Whats more, not only can we have much time to make a schedule but also make prepartions for our work and study. St
22、ep 3. paraphrase (改写改写)5. And the most important thing is that getting up early can help us do everything in order and let us make good use of the limited time. make good preparations forenough for us to make preparations for the day.13优制课程Write a summary with the steps& tipspara.5:sleeping earlier
23、the night before Besides, you can set your alarm clock or ask someone to call you. 1.Sleeping ealier and setting an alarm clock or asking someone to call us are the _ for the late risers.2.Finally, we should try some proper ways to make ourselves stick to getting up early, such as, sleeping earlier
24、and setting an alarm clock or ask someone to call us. 3. However, if you are a lazy man, why not make use of an alarm clock or ask someonr for help. Step 3. paraphrase (改写改写)4. As a late riser, you can overcome it by sleeping early and setting an alarm clock or asking. suggestions14优制课程Step 4. polis
25、h (改良改良)Tip3: Polish with connectives(连接词连接词) to make it coherent(连贯连贯). Since ancient times, great importance has been attached to getting up early. _, morning is a fantastic time to enjoy the freshest air and have a more accurate memory. _, people who stick to physical exercise in the morning will
26、 be in better health._, getting up early can enable us to make good preparations for the day. _, sleeping earlier and setting an alarm clock or turning to others are the suggestions for the late risers.16优制课程 Since ancient times, great importance has been attached to getting up early. Firstly, morni
27、ng is a fantastic time to enjoy the freshest air and have a more accurate memory. Secondly, people who stick to physical exercise in the morning will be in better health. Finally, getting up early can enable us to make good preparations for the day. As a result, sleeping earlier and setting an alarm
28、 clock or turning to others are the suggestions for the late risers.17优制课程No standard answerNowadays shyness is common and there are several reasons. Firstly, many scientists believe shyness is genetic so that some people are born shy. Secondly, family size might result in shyness. Young children or
29、 the only child are more likely to be shy. Finally, the birth place may lead to shyness. People in Israel are less shy than people in Japan because of different attitudes to failure. To overcome shyness, scientists also give useful suggestions.18优制课程阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has be
30、en regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a
31、 day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day. Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or
32、 only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year. We will also have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For
33、example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmonious scene! However, if we
34、 get up late, well probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making it in a mess. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit. If you are a late riser, you may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early. You will have to make efforts to do so. If you want to get up early, sleeping earlier the night before expect to be successful. Besides, you can set your alarm clock or ask someone whom you know will be awake at that time to call you. If you stick to getting up early every day, you will certainly benefit a lot from it.19优制课程
